N. B.—Figures in Italics indicate major references.
A
A Highland Lad My Love was Born (Scotch folk-song), 113.
Abdominal breathing, 4f.
Abyssinians, 86.
Acoustics (rel. to human voice), 13.
Adam de la Halle, 138.
Adams, Stephen, 327.
Adaptive change, 2.
Adeste Fideles, 113.
African folk-songs, 105.
Agricola, Martin, 164.
Airs du cour, 166.
Albéniz, Isaac, 120.
Albert, Heinrich, 162f.
America, (folk-music) 129;
(song-writers), 298, 319ff, 322f.
Anatomy of the vocal organs, 1-23.
Ancient methods of vocal culture, 30ff.
An die ferne Geliebte (Beethoven), 154f.
André, Johann, 191f.
‘Annie Laurie,’ 107, 113.
Archilei, Vittoria, 40.
Arensky, Antony, 368.
Aria, (da capo form), 154ff;
(development), 172ff;
(German), 175.
Arioso, 175.
Aristotle, 55.
Arne, [Dr.] Thomas, 171.
Arnold, Samuel, 172.
Art-ballad (German), 272ff.
Art-song, (compared with folk-song) 72, 89ff;
(early rise and decline), 151ff;
(in 17th cent.), 162ff;
(rise of modern), 186ff.
Articulation, 3, 16ff, 63ff.
Artificial soprano, 44.
Athens, early vocal culture in, 32f.
Assyria, vocal culture in, 30.
Auld Lang Syne, 72f, 102, 112f.
B
Bach, Johann Sebastian, (spiritual songs), 147;
(secular songs), 164;
(in rel. to German song), 175.
Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel (Geistliche Lieder), 189f.
Balakireff, Mily, 127, 365.
Balfe, Michael, 267.
Ballad form, (compared to lyric form), 202;
(Schubert), 225f;
(Löwe), 272ff.
Ballad opera, (18th cent.), 170ff;
(19th cent.), 267.
Bantock, Granville, 372f.
Baritone voice, 62.
Bass voice, 14.
Bassani, Giovanni Battista, 160.
Beethoven, 96, 177, 184, 187, 193, 196.
An die ferne Geliebte, 154f.
In questa tomba, 184.
Busslied, 184.
‘Beggar’s Opera,’ 170f.
Behnke, 28.
Bel canto, 16, 29, 44, 158f.
Benedict, Julius, 267.
Béranger, 260f.
Bergerette, 166f, 179f, 204.
Berlioz, Hector, 262ff.
Bierbaum, Otto Julius, 331.
Bishop, [Sir] Henry, 105, 172, 267.
Bizet, Georges, 315.
Blondel (minstrel), 137f.
Bohemian folk-songs, 127f.
Bologna (early music school in), 37.
Borodine, Alexander, 128, 365f.
Brahms, Johannes, 125, 276-290.
Æolian Harp, 286.
Anklänge, 285.
As the Clouds, 285.
Before the Window, 282.
Consolation of Spring, 288.
Fidelity, 284.
Going to My Sweetheart, 282.
Gold Outweighs Love, 288.
Gypsy Songs, 277f, 282f.
Have a Care, 288.
Hey, Bow and Arrow, 287.
Hey, Ye Gypsies, 283.
I Call from the Bank, 288.
Is it Sorrow, 287.
Joy Hath Left Me, 282.
Lament, 282.
Longing, 282.
Love and Spring, 284.
[The] Lover’s Oath, 282.
Magyar Love Song, 288.
[The] Maiden, 282f.
[The] Maiden’s Curse, 288f.
Minnelied, 289.
Motionless Air, 288.
[The] Mournful One, 282.
Nicht mehr zu dir zu gehen, 286.
Nightingale, 285.
[The] Nut Brown Lad, 283.
Oh, Come, Holy Summer Night, 288.
Oh, kühler Wald, 289.
Oh, Would I Knew the Returning Road, 288.
On Sunday Morning, 288.
Red Evening Clouds, 283.
Remembrance, 288.
Rest, Sweet Love, 287.
[The] Return, 285.
Sapphic Ode, 289.
Serenade, 282.
[The] Smith, 285.
So steh’n wir, ich and meine Weide, 287.
[The] Song of Herr von Falkenstein, 287f.
Spanish Song, 285.
Three Roses in a Row, 283.
Twilight Falls, 288.
Vain Serenade, 289.
Volkslied, 282.
Wie bist du, meine Königin, 287.
With, Eternal Love, 287.
Breath control, 58.
Breathing, 1ff;
(faulty methods) 65.
Breathing exercises, 60f.
Browne and Behnke (‘Voice, Song and Speech’), 28.
Bruneau, Alfred, 356f.
[The] Brunette, 166.
Bungert, August, 312.
Burns, Robert, 91, 95f, 113f.
Burton, Frederick R., 42.
C
Caccini, Giulio, 47ff, 154.
Amarilla, 159.
Cadman, Charles Wakefield, 105.
Caffarelli, 44.
Caldara, Antonio, 160.
Caller Herrin (Scotch song), 113.
Cambio, Perrisone, 153.
[The] Campbells are Coming, 112f.
Canadian folk-songs, 375ff.
Cantus firmus, 148f.
Carey, Henry, 171.
Carissimi, Giacomo, 160.
Catholic Church. See Roman Catholic Church.
Cavalli, Francesco, 159f.
Cavatina, 175.
Chabrier, Emmanuel, 354.
Chaldea (ancient), vocal culture in, 30.
Chaminade, Cécile, 318.
Chanson, 166.
Charlemagne, 131.
Charlie is My Darling (Scotch folk-song), 113.
Charpentier, Gustave, 358.
Chausson, Ernest, 355.
Cherubini, Luigi, 49f.
Chest cavity, 4f.
Chest register, 11f.
Chest resonance, 14f, 62ff.
Chinese scale, 86.
Chivalry (influence of, on song), 136ff.
Choir master, in early Roman church, 33ff.
Choir schools, 33ff.
Chopin, Frédéric, 256.
Chorale, 147.
Church, Roman, (early vocal culture in), 33ff;
(early music of), 130f;
(use of popular music in), 148.
See also Greek Catholic Church; Lutheran Church.
Classic song (The), 151-185.
Coloratura, 39ff, 155ff, 160.
Comic opera (French), 166, 179.
Conservatoire method of singing, 49f.
Consonants, 17f, 64, 66.
Coquard, Arthur, 319.
Cornelius, Peter, 298, 302ff.
Counterpoint, 24, 35ff, 129, 149, 153;
(modern), 343, 345.
Courts of Love, 139f.
Cowen, Frederick, 327.
Crescendo (vocal), 15.
Cricoid cartilage, 6ff.
Cui, César, 366.
Curschmann, Karl Friedrich, 256.
D
Da capo form, 154ff, 172, 175.
Dalayrac, Nicolas, 180.
Dance, (primitive), 83;
(popularity of, in Italy), 120.
Danish folk-songs, 123.
Dargomijsky, Alexander, 349, 364f, 365.
Darwin, Charles (theory of origin of song), 87.
David, Félicien, 315.
Davy, John, 172.
Debussy, Claude, 346, 356;
(compared with Charpentier), 358;
(his songs), 358ff;
(compared with M. Ravel), 362;
(influenced by Moussorgsky), 367.
Declamation, art of (in ancient Athens), 32;
(compared with recitative), 202f.
Dehmel, Richard, 331.
Delivery, in singing, 97.
Denmark, folk-songs of, 123.
Denza, Luigi, 323.
Der du von dem Himmel bist (settings of Liszt and Schubert compared), 294.
Descriptive music, 219f.
Diaphragm, 4f.
Dibdin, Charles, 172.
Dissonance, unprepared, 159, 162.
Doric mode, in Irish folk-song, 114.
Dramatic recitative, influence of, on solo singing, 42.
Drinking, effect of, on singer’s organism, 19.
Du bist wie eine Blume (Schumann), 240;
(Liszt), 294;
(Rubinstein), 324.
Dufay, Guillaume, 148.
Duparc, Henri, 355.
Durchkomponiertes Lied, 176f.
Dutch folk-song, 108.
Dutrochet, cited, 56.
Dvořák, Anton, 312.
E
Ear control of voice, 28f, 52f.
Eating, effect of, on singer’s organism, 19.
Ecclesiastical modes. See Modes.
Education, musical, viii-ff.
Edward (settings of Löwe and Brahms), 275.
Egypt, vocal culture in, 30.
Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam (settings of Schumann and Lassen), 307.
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 140.
Elgar, Edward, 371f.
England, (folk-song), 104, 108ff;
(mediæval minstrels), 34, 38, 132;
(classic song), 167ff;
(songs of early 19th cent.), 266, 267f;
(late romantics), 298, 326ff;
(modern lyricists), 371ff.
English ballad-opera, 170ff, 267.
English folk-song, 167ff.
Enunciation, 66.
Erlking, (Schubert), 193f, 203, 205, 209, 225;
(Löwe), 274.
Es ist bestimmt (Mendelssohn), 107.
Ethmoid sinus, 15.
Expiration, in correct breathing, 5.
Expressive style. See Representative style.
F
Fabricius of Aquapendente, 55f.
Falsetto, 62.
Farinelli, 44.
Fasolo, G. B., 160.
Fauré, Gabriel, 347, 349ff.
Ferrein (anatomist), 56.
Fétis, F. J., cited, 27.
Fielitz, Alexander von, 310f.
Finck, Henry T., cited, 319.
Finland, modern, 370f.
Fiorituri, 41.
[The] Fisher (folk-song), 119;
(Schubert), 212.
[The] Fisher Boy, (Schubert), 226;
(Liszt), 292f.
Florid song. See Coloratura, Ornamentation.
Folk-song, 25, 70-99, 100ff, 147f, 150, 308ff, 337;
(English), 110f, 167ff;
(Scotch), 111ff;
(Irish), 113f;
(French), 115f, 164f;
(Italian), 116ff, 153, 266ff;
(Spanish), 119f, 364ff;
(German), 120f, 162f, 191f, 229f;
(Scandinavian), 121, 299, 301f;
(Hungarian), 122ff;
(Russian), 125ff;
(Norwegian), 121, 369;
(Bohemian), 127f;
(Polish), 128;
(influence on art-song), 152ff;
(compared to early church song), 164f;
(influence on Schubert), 205.
See also Songs in the folk-manner.
‘Forward tone,’ 64f.
Foster, Stephen C., 107, 129, 163f.
France, (mediæval minstrels), 133f;
(Troubadours), 136ff;
(classic song), 164ff, 178ff;
(romantic period), 258ff;
(late romantics), 298, 313ff.
Franck, César, 354f.
Franz, Robert, 268ff;
(compared with Brahms), 278;
(compared with Grieg), 299f;
(compared with Hugo Wolf), 334f.
French folk-song, 115ff;
(in 16th cent.), 164f.
French-Canadian folk-songs, 375f.
French comic opera, 179.
French influence, (on early German song), 164;
(on early English song), 168f.
French lyricism, modern, 346-363.
Frottola, 153.
Funicula, (Italian folk-song), 103;
(Denza), 323.
G
Gagnon (collector of French-Canadian songs), 118.
Galen (anatomist), 55.
Galilei, Vincenzo, 154.
García, Manuel, 10, 57f.
Gastoldi, Giacomo, 153.
Geibel, Emmanuel, 330f.
German folk-song, 106f, 119, 120ff;
(in rel. to the singspiel), 191f.
German opera, 176, 228.
German vowels, 16.
Germany (attitude of, toward folk-songs, compared with England’s), 109;
(mediæval minstrels), 132, 141ff;
(Meistersinger), 144ff;
(Reformation), 147f, 150;
(classical song), 162ff;
(song in 18th cent.), 175ff;
(time of Schubert), 197, 198ff, 227f;
(Schumann), 231ff;
(romantics after Schumann), 298, 302ff;
(since Franco-Prussian War), 330ff. See also German folk-song.
Gibbons, Orlando, 167.
Glazounoff, Alexander, 368.
Glinka, Michail Ivanovitch, 127, 257.
Glottis, 12f, 21, 55f;
(correct management of), 61.
Gluck, Christoph Willibald, 177;
influence on Berlioz, 263.
God Save the King, 171.
Godard, Benjamin, 317f.
Goethe, 193, 198f;
(quoted on the ballad form), 274.
Gordigiani, Luigi, 266.
Goring-Thomas, Arthur, 298, 327f, 371.
Gossec, François Joseph, 183.
Gounod, Charles François, 278f, 298, 313f.
Graben-Hoffmann, Gustav, 312.
Graun, Johann Gottlieb, 164.
Great Britain, folk-songs of, 108ff.
See also England.
Greece, 167.
Greek Catholic Church, 40f.
Grétry, André Erneste Modeste, 180.
Grieg, Edvard, 299ff.
[The] Swan, 300.
Guido d’Arezzo, 34.
Guilbert, Yvette, 111.
Gypsies, 123f.
Gypsy songs. See Brahms.
H
Hahn, Reynaldo, 319.
Handel, George Frederick, 171.
Harmonics, vocal, 15.
Harmony, (in early Italian part-songs), 153f;
(in 17th cent. French song), 166;
(Wagner), 291f;
(Arnold Schönberg), 343;
(modern French school), 348ff;
(Alfred Bruneau), 356;
(Dargomijsky), 364.
Harp, mediæval, 136.
[The] Harp That Once Through Tara’s Halls (Irish folk-song), 114.
Hassler, Hans Leo, 162.
Haydn, Joseph, 177f, 187.
Head cavities, 16f.
Head register, 12.
Health, influence of, on singing, 18.
Hebrews, early vocal culture of, 30ff, 40f.
Heidenröslein (Schubert), 107.
Heine, Heinrich, 224f, 233ff, 248f.
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (quoted), 16, 58.
Henderson, W. J. (cited), 207f.
Henry VIII, King of England, 110.
Henschel, Georg, 308ff.
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 110.
Heyse, Paul, 331.
Hiller, Johann Adam, 176f, 191, 197.
Himmel, Friedrich Heinrich, 229.
Hippocrates, 55.
Hoffmannsthal, Hugo von, 331.
Holland, folk-songs of, 108.
Holmès, Augusta Mary Anne, 319.
Home, Sweet Home, 105.
Hook, James, 172.
Huë, George Adolphe, 319.
Hugo, Victor, 259f.
Humfrey, Pelham, 168f.
Hungarian folk-songs, 122ff.
Hygiene of the voice, 1-23.
Hymns, in Lutheran Church, 147.
I
I Hear a Mill Go Tick-Tack (French folk-song), 117.
Ich hab’ im Traum geweinet (settings of Schumann and Lassen), 307.
Impressionistic school, 346-363.
Indians (American), folk-songs of, 72f, 105, 129.
[d’]Indy, Vincent, 355f, 358.
Inspiration (physical action), 3ff.
Instruments of mediæval minstrels, 136.
Ionian mode, 167.
Ippolitoff-Ivanoff, Michael, 368.
Ireland, folk-songs of, 108f, 113ff.
It was a Dream (settings of Schumann and Lassen), 307.
Italian folk-songs, 116f, 153, 266.
Italian influence on German music, 164.
Italian method of vocal culture, 24-54, 68f.
Italian opera, (rise of), 151f, 155ff;
(influence of, in Germany), 164;
(in England), 170f;
(and the aria), 172ff.
Italy, (Trovatori), 138;
(classical song), 151ff;
(18th-19th cent.), 265f;
(late romantics in), 298, 323.
See also Italian folk-songs.
J
Jadassohn, Salomon, 256.
James II, King of England, 169.
Japan, primitive song of, 86.
Java, primitive music of, 86.
Jensen, Adolf, 303, 305ff.
Jerusalem (ancient), vocal culture in, 31f, 40f.
Jesos Ahatonhia (old French song), 117.
Joke-songs, Italian, 120.
Jongleurs, (origin of the name), 132;
(music of), 132ff.
Jugglers, 132ff.