1. The purpose, progress, value, and limitations of vocational education. The old curriculum, its merits and defects. The rise of manual training. Its value. Beginnings of industrial education. Its progress. Its scope. Its place in the school system. Its relation to industry and the attitude of industry toward it. The attitude of organized labor. Limitations on the scope of vocational education. References: P. H. Hanus, Beginnings in Industrial Education, pp. 3-27; David Snedden, Vocational Education, pp. 1-104; Meyer Bloomfield, The School and the Start in Life (United States Bureau of Education, Bulletin, 1914, No. 4, pp. 117-133); S. T. Dutton and David Snedden, The Administration of Public Education in the United States, pp. 404-425; Irving King, Social Aspects of Education, pp. 144-176; A. H. Leake, Industrial Education, its Problems, Methods, and Dangers, pp. 3-39; United States Senate and House Committees on Agriculture, Vocational Education (Report of Hearings, 1912). See also the Proceedings of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial (Vocational) Education (published annually).

2. How far should the state control the public schools? References: S. T. Dutton and David Snedden, The Administration of Public Education in the United States, pp. 41-72; E. C. Elliott, State School Systems (U. S. Bureau of Education, Bulletin, 1910, No. 2, pp. 31-68); A. C. Perry, Outlines of School Administration, pp. 16-28; J. M. Mathews, Principles of American State Administration, pp. 296-334.

3. The school as a social center. References: Irving King, Education for Social Efficiency, pp. 262-279; C. A. Perry, The Wider Use of the School Plant, pp. 3-16; 335-380; E. J. Ward, The Social Center, pp. 302-314; National Society for the Study of Education, Tenth Yearbook (1913), Part I, pp. 1-69.

1. The social aim of education. Irving King, Education for Social Efficiency, pp. 11-20.

2. The organization and functions of school boards. W. B. Munro, Principles and Methods of Municipal Administration, pp. 359-372.

3. How teachers are appointed. F. W. Ballou, The Appointment of Teachers in Cities, pp. 8-41.

4. Vocational guidance. Irving King, Education for Social Efficiency, pp. 177-205.

5. How schoolhouses should be constructed. F. B. Dresslar, American School Houses (U. S. Bureau of Education, Bulletin, 1910, No. 5, pp. 17-38 and passim).

6. The Gary system. General Education Board, New York City. The Gary Schools, a General Account, pp. 17-72.

7. Has popular education failed in America? C. W. Eliot, American Contributions to Civilization, pp. 203-236.

8. The educational lessons of the war. F. A. Cleveland and Joseph Schafer, Democracy in Reconstruction, pp. 212-243.

9. Education and economic success. J. Ellis Barker, Economic Statesmanship, pp. 143-179.

1. Explain why public education is necessary for the preservation of popular rights and liberties.

2. If democracy and public education usually go together, why is it that Germany had an excellent system of public education and yet remained an autocracy down to 1918?

3. Do the laws of your state provide for compulsory school attendance? If so, between what ages? What is your opinion as to the proper age limits?

4. Explain the organization and functions of your state board (or department) of education and your local school board.

5. Give a summary of what the federal government is now doing for education. Do you believe that it ought to do more? If so, what?

6. How are funds for school purposes raised in your community? On what basis does the state make its contribution?

7. What suggestions can you make for keeping the schools out of politics?

8. Do you believe that teachers should be appointed under civil-service rules?

9. Do you approve or disapprove of the Gary system? Give your reasons.

10. Make some suggestions for bringing the school and the public library into closer relations.

1. The Towner-Sterling Bill should be passed by Congress.

2. School discipline should be placed in charge of a student council.

3. The age limit of compulsory school attendance should be raised to sixteen years.