TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE
Chapter I.	Introduction	1
Chapter II.	The Physico-chemical Behaviour of Pigments	8
Chapter III.	Raw Materials Employed in the Manufacture of Pigments	14
Chapter IV.	Assistant Materials	16
	Water—Chlorine—Ammonia—The Hydrometer —Sal Ammoniac or Ammonium Chloride—Ammonium Sulphide.
	Acids.—Hydrochloric Acid—Sulphuretted Hydrogen —Sulphuric Acid: Oil of Vitriol, Nordhausen Sulphuric Acid—Nitric Acid—Aqua Regia—Carbon—Carbonic Acid Gas.
	Organic Acids.—Acetic Acid—Oxalic Acid—Tartaric Acid.
Chapter V.	Metallic Compounds	32
	Alkalis.—Potassium Compounds—Potassium Carbonate —Potassium Hydroxide—Potassium Nitrate—Potassium Bitartrate—Potassium Bichromate—Potassium Sodium Chromate—Chrome Alum—Potassium Ferrocyanide —Potassium Ferricyanide—Sodium Salts—Sodium Carbonate —Sodium Hydroxide—Sodium Thiosulphate—Sodium Chloride—Salts of the Alkaline Earth Metals.
	Calcium Compounds.—Calcium Oxide—Calcium Hydroxide —Calcium Carbonate—Calcium Sulphate—Calcium Phosphate —Magnesium Carbonate—Barium Compounds—Barium Chloride.
	Aluminium Compounds—Aluminium Sulphate.
	The Alums.—Potassium Aluminium Alum—Roman Alum—Soda Alum—Ammonia Alum—Alumina and Hydrate of Alumina.
	Compounds of the Heavy Metals.—Zinc Compounds—Cadmium Compounds—Iron Compounds—Ferrous Sulphate—Ferrous Chloride—Manganese Compounds—Nickel Compounds—Cobalt Compounds—Chromium Compounds—Molybdenum, Tungsten and Vanadium Compounds—Antimony Compounds—Bismuth Compounds—Tin Compounds—Arsenic Compounds—Lead Compounds—Lead Sulphate—Lead Nitrate—Lead Acetate —Basic Lead Acetate—Lead Chloride—Copper Compounds —Copper Sulphate—Copper Nitrate—Copper Acetate —Mercury Compounds—Mercurous Nitrate—Mercuric Nitrate —Mercurous Chloride—Mercuric Chloride—Silver Compounds —Gold Compounds.
Chapter VI.	The Manufacture of Mineral Pigments	71
	White Mineral Pigments—White Lead.
Chapter VII.	The Manufacture of White Lead	77
	Manufacture of White Lead from Metallic Lead.—Dutch Process: Casting the Lead into Sheets—Building up the Stacks—Removal and Grinding of the White Lead—White Lead Mills—Hard White Lead—Soft White Lead.—German Process.—French Process: Preparation of the Solution of Basic Lead Acetate—Preparation of the Carbonic Acid and Precipitation of the White Lead—Manufacture of White Lead by Means of Natural Carbonic Acid.—English Process.—Other Methods. —Oxychloride White Lead: Lead Sulphite—Lewis & Bartlett’s White Lead Pigment.—White Lead-Antimony Pigments: Lead Antimonite—Lead Antimonate.
Chapter VIII.	Enamel White	116
	Lithopone.
Chapter IX.	Washing Apparatus	120
	Filter Presses.
Chapter X.	Zinc White	126
	Griffith’s Zinc White—Tungsten White—White Antimony Pigments: Antimony Trioxide—Antimony Oxychloride —Bismuth White—Tin White—Manganese White —Magnesia White or Mineral White—Annaline.
Chapter XI.	Yellow Mineral Pigments	133
Chapter XII.	Chrome Yellows	134
	Lead Chrome Yellow—Preparation of the Lead Solution —Precipitation of the Chrome Yellow—The Pale Chrome Yellows.
Chapter XIII.	Lead Oxide Pigments	143
	Red Lead, Minium.
Chapter XIV.	Other Yellow Pigments	148
	Cassel Yellow—Montpellier Yellow—Turner’s Yellow or English Yellow—Naples Yellow—Antimony Yellow —Calcium Chrome Yellow—Barium Yellow, Yellow Ultramarine or Permanent Yellow—Zinc Chrome Yellow —Cadmium Chrome Yellow—Cadmium Yellow—Lead Iodide—Mars Yellow—Siderin Yellow—Aureolin —Tungsten Yellow—Nickel Yellow—Mercury Yellow or Turpeth Mineral—Yellow Arsenic Pigments—Lead Arsenite—Thallium Pigments.
Chapter XV.	Mosaic Gold	160
	Chrysean.
Chapter XVI.	Red Mineral Pigments	163
	Vermilion—Black Mercuric Sulphide—Red Mercuric Sulphide.
Chapter XVII.	The Manufacture of Vermilion	166
	Dry Method: Chinese Vermilion.—Wet Method: Firmenich’s Method—Liebig’s Process—Infusible White Precipitate —Electrolytic Process—Mercuric Iodide.
Chapter XVIII.	Antimony Vermilion	178
	Appendix—Antimony Blue.
Chapter XIX.	Ferric Oxide Pigments	180
	Vogel’s Iron Red—Macay’s English Red—Indian Red.
Chapter XX.	Other Red Mineral Pigments	186
	Chrome Red or Chrome Vermilion—Cobalt Red—Cobalt Magnesia Red—Cobalt Arsenate—Chromium Stannate —Silver Chromate.
Chapter XXI.	Purple of Cassius	190
	Magnesia Gold Purple—Alumina Gold Purple.
Chapter XXII.	Blue Mineral Pigments—Iron-Cyanogen Pigments	194
	Chinese Blue—Prussian Blue—Mineral Blue—Soluble Prussian Blue—Special Processes for the Manufacture of Chinese Blue—Turnbull’s Blue—Antwerp Blue.
Chapter XXIII.	Ultramarine	204
Chapter XXIV.	The Manufacture of Ultramarine	211
	Preparation of Mixtures for Ultramarine—Ultramarine Violet—Chlorine and Steam Process—Hydrochloric Acid and Air Process—Ammonium Chloride Process —Pale Blue Ultramarine—Ultramarine Red.
Chapter XXV.	Blue Copper Pigments	226
	Bremen Blue and Green—Neuberg Blue—Lime Blue —Payen’s Mountain Blue—Oil Blue—Copper Hydroxide.
Chapter XXVI.	Blue Cobalt Pigments	230
	Cobalt Blue, Thénard’s Blue, Cobalt Ultramarine, King’s Blue, Leyden Blue—Cæruleum—Cobalt Zinc Phosphate.
Chapter XXVII.	Smalts	233
	Preparation of the Charge—Fusion of the Charge —Grinding the Fused Mass—Tungsten Blue —Tessié du Motay’s Blue—Molybdenum Blue.
Chapter XXVIII.	Green Mineral Pigments—Green Copper Pigments	240
	Green Copper Pigments: Copper Carbonate—Copper Arsenite —Scheele’s Green—Swedish Green—Brunswick Green —Green Verditer—Neuwied Green—Copper Oxychloride.
Chapter XXIX.	Emerald Green	244
	Manufacture of Emerald Green from Verdigris—Manufacture of Emerald Green from Copper Sulphate—Mitis Green or Vienna Green—Copper Stannate—Kuhlmann’s Green—Elsner’s Green—Casselmann’s Green—Lime Green—Patent Green—Copper Borate—Copper Silicate (Egyptian Blue).
Chapter XXX.	Verdigris	252
	Blue Verdigris—Distilled or Crystallised Verdigris —German Verdigris.
Chapter XXXI.	Chromium Oxide	260
Chapter XXXII.	Other Green Chromium Pigments	264
	Guignet’s Green—Emerald Green—Chrome Green Lake —Turkish Green—Leaf Green.—Chromium Phosphate Pigments: Arnaudan’s Green—Plessy’s Green—Schnitzer’s Green—Chromaventurine—Chrome Blue (Garnier).
Chapter XXXIII.	Green Cobalt Pigments	268
	Cobalt Green.
Chapter XXXIV.	Green Manganese Pigments	270
	Manganese Green—Rosenstiehl’s Green—Böttger’s Barium Green—Manganous Oxide—Manganese Blue.
Chapter XXXV.	Compounded Green Pigments	273
	Chrome Green—Elsner’s Chrome Green—Silk Green —Natural Green—Non-arsenical Green.
Chapter XXXVI.	Violet Mineral Pigments	276
	Chromic Chloride—Manganese Violet—Tin Violet, Mineral Lake—Copper Violet, Guyard’s Violet.
Chapter XXXVII.	Brown Mineral Pigments	279
	Lead Brown—Manganese Brown—Pyrolusite Brown —Prussian Brown—Iron Brown—Copper Brown —Chrome Brown—Cobalt Brown.
Chapter XXXVIII.	Brown Decomposition Products	283
	Humins—Bistre.
Chapter XXXIX.	Black Pigments	285
	Charcoal Blacks: True Charcoal Black—Vine Black —Vine Black from Wine Lees—Vine Black from Pressed Grapes—Bone Black or Ivory Black.
Chapter XL.	Manufacture of Soot Pigments	294
Chapter XLI.	Manufacture of Lamp Black	307
	Calcination of the Soot—Pine Black.
Chapter XLII.	The Manufacture of Soot Black without Chambers	313
Chapter XLIII.	Indian Ink	316
	Neutral Tint Black—Appendix: Black Mineral Pigments —Chrome Copper Black—Chrome Black.
Chapter XLIV.	Enamel Colours	319
	White Enamels—Coloured Enamels: Yellow Enamels—Red Enamel—Blue Enamels—Green Enamel—Violet Enamel —Black Enamel.
Chapter XLV.	Metallic Pigments	326
	Shell-Gold—Shell-Silver—Imitation Silver.
Chapter XLVI.	Bronze Pigments	329
	Electrolytic Copper Bronze—Tungsten Bronze Pigments.
Chapter XLVII.	Vegetable Bronze Pigments	339
	Appendix: The Brocade Pigments.
PIGMENTS OF ORGANIC ORIGIN.
Chapter XLVIII.	Lakes	343
Chapter XLIX.	Yellow Lakes	348
	Dutch Pink—Weld Lake—Gamboge Lake—Prepared Gamboge—Fustic Lake—Quercitron Lake—Purree or Indian Yellow—The Colouring Matter of Saffron —Colouring Matter of Gardinia Grandiflora.
Chapter L.	Red Lakes	354
	Cochineal and Carmine
Chapter LI.	The Manufacture of Carmine	357
	Cenette’s Method—Munich, Vienna, Paris or Florentine Lake—Ammonia-Cochineal.
Chapter LII.	The Colouring Matter of Lac	363
	Lac Dye.
Chapter LIII.	Safflower or Carthamine Red	366
	Safflower Carmine—Alkanet.
Chapter LIV.	Madder and its Colouring Matters	370
	Garancin—Garanceux—Madder Extract—The Constituents of Madder.
Chapter LV.	Madder Lakes	375
	Madder Carmine.
Chapter LVI.	Manjit (Indian Madder)	378
	Chica Red, Curucuru, Carajuru—Bigonia Chica.
Chapter LVII.	Lichen Colouring Matters	380
	Archil—French Purple—Cudbear—Litmus.
Chapter LVIII.	Red Wood Lakes	384
Chapter LIX.	The Colouring Matters of Sandalwood	388
	and Other Dye-woods
Chapter LX.	Blue Lakes	390
	Indigo—The Constituents of Indigo.
Chapter LXI.	Indigo Carmine	394
	Indigo Mills—Blue Lake.
Chapter LXII.	The Colouring Matter of Logwood	398
	Logwood Extract—Kohlrausch’s Process for Obtaining Concentrated Extracts of Colouring Matters and Tannins.
Chapter LXIII.	Green Lakes	409
	Chlorophyll—Sap Green—Chinese Green, Lokao —Charvin’s Green.
Chapter LXIV.	Brown Organic Pigments	414
	Asphaltum—Sepia.
Chapter LXV.	Sap Colours	416
Chapter LXVI.	Water Colours	419
	Moist Water Colours.
Chapter LXVII.	Crayons	423
	Crayons for Earthenware.
Chapter LXVIII.	Confectionery Colours	427
Chapter LXIX.	The Preparation of Pigments for Painting	429
	Paint Mills.
Chapter LXX.	The Examination op Pigments	434
	Mineral Pigments—Examination with the Blowpipe —Reactions of the White Pigments—Reactions of the Yellow Pigments—Reactions of the Red Pigments—Reactions of the Blue Pigments —Reactions of the Green Pigments—Reactions of the Brown Pigments—Reactions of the Black Pigments.
Chapter LXXI.	Examination of Lakes	445
	Reactions of the Organic Colouring Matters.
Chapter LXXII.	The Testing of Dye-Woods	449
	The Colorimeter.
Chapter LXXIII.	The Design of a Colour Works	457
Chapter LXXIV.	Commercial Names of Pigments	460
APPENDIX.
	The Conversion of Metric into English Weights and Measures—Centigrade and Fahrenheit Thermometer Scales	469
INDEX.