- Agaricus muscarius,
139.
- Agassiz, experiments of,
116.
- Alectoria jubata,
137.
- Aletsch glacier, the, described,
47.
- Algol, or Medusa’s Head,
39.
- Arctic Highlanders,
12.
- Arctic night, the, characteristics of,
32–34,
93–95.
- Arctic region, extent of,
13,
14.
- Atmospheric phenomena,
31.
- Auk, the, described,
97,
98.
- Aurora Borealis, the, phenomena of,
27;
- theory of,
29.
- Baffin, discoveries of,
227.
- Barents, adventures of,
266–269.
- Barrens, the, region of, described,
16.
- Bear, Polar, natural history of the,
85–93;
- hunting seals,
86;
- voracity of,
88;
- affection for its young,
88,
89.
- Beechey, Captain, quoted,
45,
46,
55.
- Bell, quoted,
78.
- Bellot, Lieutenant, quoted,
123.
- Bennet, Stephen, voyage of,
228.
- Berkeley, quoted,
140.
- Birds, migrations of,
11.
- Boötes, constellation of,
40.
- Bremer, Frederika, quoted,
138.
- Brewster’s, Sir David, experiment with polarised light,
111.
- Buddington, Captain, adventures of,
308–311.
- Burrough, Stephen, voyage of,
222,
223.
- Button, Captain, voyage of,
227.
- Bylot, Robert, voyage of,
227.
- Carlsen, Captain, voyage of,
270.
- Cladonia rangiferina,
137.
- Clarke, Dr., quoted,
203.
- Clavering, Captain, referred to,
12.
- Cochlearia, or scurvy-grass, uses of,
139.
- Coleridge, quoted,
69.
- Constellations, northern, list of,
37.
- Cooley, Mr., quoted,
230.
- Corvidæ, the, natural history of,
160.
- Cryptogamous plants of the north,
141,
142.
- Crystallization, process of,
108.
- Cygnus musicus,
161.
- D’Almeida, Count, quoted,
205,
206.
- Davis, Captain John, voyages of,
224,
225.
- Dolphins, the, natural history of,
82,
83.
- Dorothea, the, narrow escape of,
55.
- Dufferin, Lord, quoted,
166,
167,
172.
- Eider ducks, the, natural history of,
103;
- in Iceland,
104.
- Eskimo dog, the, description of,
190.
- Eskimo, the, hunting the walrus,
68,
69;
- hut of,
76.
- Eskimo kayak described,
182.
- Eskimo seal-hunt, an, described,
77,
78.
- Eskimo sledge, the, described,
192–196.
- Eskimos, the, boundaries of,
175;
- character, manners, customs, and clothing,
179–196.
- Falcon, the, natural history of,
160.
- Faraday, ingenious experiment of,
111.
- Felinska, Madame, quoted,
211.
- Fish in the Arctic seas,
106.
- Flora of the Arctic lands,
19.
- Fox, Luke, voyage of,
228.
- Fox, the Arctic, natural history of,
151–153.
- Fox-trap, a, described,
152.
- Franklin, Sir J., overland journey of,
231;
- last expedition of,
231;
- relics of, discovered,
233,
235,
236.
- Fritillaria sarrana, the, properties of,
142,
143.
- Frobisher, Sir Martin, voyage of,
223.
- Frobisher Strait discovered,
223.
- Gale, an Arctic, described,
70.
- Gârds of Lapland, described,
207.
- Germania, the, expedition of,
245–265.
- Geysers, the, phenomena of,
165–167.
- Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, death of,
224.
- Glacier-ice, peculiarities of,
112.
- Glacier in Smith Strait,
124,
127;
- of Sermiatsialik,
128,
129.
- Glaciers, characteristics of,
47;
- motion of,
113–115;
- phenomena connected with,
115–118;
- of the Arctic regions,
118–133;
- of Spitzbergen,
120,
123.
- Godhav’n,
167.
- Grampus, the, natural history of,
83,
84.
- Greenland, scenery on the coast of,
22.
- Guillemot, the, described,
96,
97.
- Gull, the, described,
103.
- Hall, Captain, expedition and death of,
271,
272.
- Hansa, the, voyage and loss of,
245–251.
- Hans the Hunter,
186–189,
284.
- Hare, the Arctic,
154.
- Hartwig, Dr., quoted,
15.
- Hayes, Dr., quoted,
25,
35,
43,
49,
50,
59,
87,
95,
96,
124,
125,
127,
128,
138,
152,
153,
186,
191,
192,
244;
- Arctic expedition of,
244,
245.
- Hearne, quoted,
183.
- Hecla, the, and the Fury, danger of,
56.
- Hegemann, Captain,
245.
- Hekla, eruption of,
164.
- Henderson, Dr., quoted,
172.
- Hill, Mr., quoted,
213,
214.
- Hobson, Lieutenant, discovers Franklin relics,
234–236.
- Holland, Mr., quoted,
173.
- Hore, Mr., voyage of,
222.
- Hudson, Henry, discoveries of,
225–228.
- Humboldt Glacier, description of,
131–134,
238.
- Hutchinson, Captain, quoted,
205.
- Icebergs, their dimensions,
41;
- their magnificent appearance,
42,
43;
- danger to navigation from,
44,
123;
- breaking up of,
49;
- range of,
50,
51;
- in Baffin Bay,
124.
- Ice-fields, extent and character of,
54,
56,
57.
- Ice-flowers, characteristics of,
108.
- Iceland, dimensions of,
162;
- history of,
162;
- volcanoes of,
163;
- dreary landscapes of,
164;
- geysers of,
166,
167;
- houses and churches of,
170;
- travelling in,
172;
- horses of,
173.
- Iceland moss, uses of,
138,
139.
- Jacobshav’n,
168.
- Jakut merchants, the, enterprise of,
217.
- Jakuts, the, as bear-hunters,
212;
- manners and customs of,
216,
217.
- James, Captain Thomas, voyage of,
228.
- Joe the Eskimo, with Captain Tyson,
278, et sqq.
- Kamtschatka, fisheries of,
212;
- the dog of,
214,
215.
- Kamtschatkans, the, characteristics of,
213,
214.
- Kane, Dr., quoted,
15,
32,
33,
34,
42,
68,
73,
74,
88,
91,
92,
131–134,
149,
153,
184,
185,
237,
239,
242,
243;
- Arctic explorations of,
237–244.
- Knots, the, habits of,
11,
12.
- Koldewey, Captain, referred to,
12;
- voyage of,
245.
- Lagopus, the,
161.
- Lamont, Mr., quoted,
60,
62.
- Lapland, divisions and extent of,
197;
- climate of,
197;
- inhabitants of,
197;
- the reindeer in,
200;
- sledging in,
201;
- an interior in,
204,
205.
- Lapp dialect, the,
206.
- Lapp hunters, the, boldness of,
202.
- Lapps, the, dress, manners, and customs of,
198.
- Lapps, the Mountain, character of,
199,
200.
- Lapps of West Bothnia,
206,
207.
- Laube, Dr., quoted,
252.
- Lemming, the Arctic,
154.
- Macmillan, Dr., quoted,
135,
136,
137,
141.
- Markham, C., quoted,
10,
175,
225,
226,
273.
- Marten, the,
155.
- Martins, M. Charles, quoted,
119,
120,
121.
- M’Clintock, Captain Sir Roderick, quoted,
148,
151,
181,
265;
- voyage of,
234.
- M’Clure, Sir Robert, quoted,
81;
- discovers North-West Passage,
233.
- Mecham, Captain, quoted,
146,
150.
- Mer de Glace of Greenland,
127,
128.
- Merganser, the natural history of,
99.
- Milton, Lord, and Dr. Cheadle, quoted,
158–160.
- Moonlight in the Polar World,
26.
- Moraines, described,
115.
- Moravian mission-stations in Greenland,
179.
- Mosses in the Arctic regions,
139.
- Musk-ox, the, natural history of,
149,
150.
- Mustelidæ family, the, in the Arctic regions,
155.
- Nares, Captain, expedition of,
314, et sqq.
- Narwhal, the, natural history of,
82.
- Newfoundland colonized,
224.
- North-West Passage, utility of,
9.
- Novaia Zemlaia, temperature of,
21.
- Osborn, Admiral Sherard, quoted,
44,
81,
84,
85,
87,
146,
151,
232,
236,
237.
- Ostiaks, the, manners and customs of,
211,
212.
- Ostrownoje, trade at,
220.
- Oxyria, the, uses of,
141.
- Pack-ice, description of,
53.
- Parry, Captain, quoted,
44,
46,
56,
230;
- voyages of,
228,
229,
230.
- Payer, Lieutenant, voyage of,
270,
271.
- Penny, Captain, voyage of,
232–234.
- Phænogamous plants of the north,
141.
- Phocidæ, the.—See Seal.
- Plant-life of Spitzbergen,
142;
- of Kamtschatka,
142,
143.
- Pleiads, the,
39.
- Polaris, the, voyage of,
271–313.
- Polecat, the, in the Arctic regions,
156,
157.
- Pole-Star, the, position of,
36.
- Poole, Jonas, voyage of,
228.
- Puffin, the, natural history of,
99.
- Quenes, or Finns, the,
206.
- Rae, Dr., finds relics of Franklin,
233.
- Red snow, phenomenon of, explained,
135.
- Refraction, phenomena of,
31.
- Regelation, what it is,
111.
- Reikiavik, description of,
168,
169.
- Reindeer, the, natural history of,
144;
- usefulness of,
145;
- food of,
146;
- and wolves,
147;
- in Siberia,
218,
219.
- Reindeer moss,
137.
- Rendu, Bishop, quoted,
114.
- Richardson, Sir J., quoted,
145.
- Rock-hair,
137.
- Rorqual, the,
80.
- Ross, Sir James, quoted,
145.
- Ross, Sir John, voyages of,
228,
231.
- Sabine, Sir Edward, quoted,
10.
- Sable, the, natural history of,
156.
- Samojedes, the, superstitions of,
208,
209;
- manners and customs of,
210,
211.
- Schaïtan, an Ostiak idol,
211.
- Scoresby, Dr., quoted,
44,
106,
186.
- Seal, the, natural history of,
71–73;
- flesh of,
73,
74;
- different genera of,
75.
- Sermiatsialik, glacier of,
127,
128.
- Shepherd, Mr., quoted,
104.
- Skaptá Jokul, eruption of,
165.
- Smew, the, natural history of,
100.
- Smith Sound, route by,
228.
- Snow, formation of,
108.
- Snow-crystals, described,
109.
- Snow-line, limit of,
20.
- Somerville, Mrs., quoted,
30,
107.
- Southey, quoted,
136.
- Sporidesmium lepraria,
140.
- Spring in the Arctic regions,
34.
- Starakis, the, described,
98.
- Stephenson, Captain, of the Discovery,
314.
- Summer in the Arctic regions,
36.
- Swan, the wild, natural history of,
105;
- the whistling,
161.
- Tadebtsios, or Samojede demons,
209.
- Tadibe, the Samojede priest,
209.
- Tchuktche, the, manners and customs of,
220.
- Temperature of Arctic winter,
33.
- Tennyson, quoted,
105.
- Thingvalla, the, in Iceland,
168.
- Thorne, Dr. Robert, Arctic exploration proposed by,
222.
- Tripe de roche,
137,
138.
- Tundras, the stony, described,
15,
16.
- Tungusi, the, characteristics of,
219,
220.
- Tyndall, Professor, quoted,
47,
48,
108,
109–111,
112,
113,
115,
117,
118.
- Tyson, Captain, narrative of,
278–308.
- Unknown Region, extent of,
10.
- Upernavik, described,
176.
- Ursa Major, constellation of,
36;
- description of,
37,
38.
- Waigatz, island of,
208.
- Walrus, the, natural history of,
63;
- courage of,
64;
- gradual decay of,
67.
- Walrus-hunt, a, described,
68,
69.
- Walrus-hunting, how carried on,
60;
- proceeds of,
62.
- Ware, quoted,
37,
38.
- Whale, the, natural history of,
78;
- characteristics of the Greenland,
79,
80;
- the Razor-backed,
80.
- Whalebone, what it is, described,
79.
- Whale-fishery of the Eskimos,
81.
- Whirlwinds of the north,
31.
- Willoughby, Sir Hugh, loss of,
222.
- Wolf, the Arctic, natural history of,
148.
- Wolverine, the, cunning of,
157;
- anecdotes of,
158–160.
- Wooded zone of the Arctic regions,
143.
- Wrangel, Admiral von, quoted,
20,
81,
218,
221.
- Yakutsk, temperature of,
26.
- Young, Captain, cruise of, in the Pandora,
334.