| Definition of the State. | |||
| Functions of the State | Essential | Administration of Justice. | |
| War. | |||
| Secondary. | |||
| Relations between the two essential functions. | |||
| The judicial and extrajudicial use of force. | |||
| Minor differences. | |||
| The territory of the State. | |||
| The members of the State | Citizens or subjects. | ||
| Resident aliens. | |||
| Citizenship in its historical aspect. | |||
| Citizenship and nationality. | |||
| Allegiance | Personal and permanent. Local and temporary. |
||
| The constitution of the State. | |||
| Constitutional law. | |||
| Its nature. | |||
| Its relation to constitutional fact. | |||
| The government of the State. | |||
| Civil power. | |||
| Legislative, judicial, and executive power. | |||
| Sovereign and subordinate power. | |||
| The classification of States: | |||
| States | Externally or Internationally | Independent | Fully Sovereign. |
| Semi-Sovereign. | |||
| Dependent. | |||
| Internally or Constitutionally | Unitary. | ||
| Composite | Imperial. | ||
| Federal. | |||