CONTENTS.

PART I.
Introduction.
1. Necessity for the Study of Structural Geography as Preparatory to the Drawing of Maps 9
2. Necessity for Field Lessons and Importance of Forming, in Connection with Them, the Habit of Modeling and Drawing 13
3. Importance of Learning to Interpret Pictures as an Aid to Imaging the Continent 27
4. Maps—of the Past and Present. The Chalk Modeled Map 34
PART II.
Fifteen Lessons in Chalk Modeling.
Remarks 52
I. Representation of Surfaces with Hints on the Delineation of Distances. Land Sloping from the Observer. Light and Shade 54
II. Land Sloping toward the Observer. Quality of Line. Relations and Proportions 59
III. High and Low Water-partings, with Map Showing Divide 63
IV. Meeting of Land and Water. Lakes. Springs. Islands. High and Low Tide 66
V. Sketches Illustrative of Wind and Water Erosion 69
VI. Scenes Typical of the Different Zones 76
VII. River Basins. Coasts 82
VIII. Suggestions on the Use of the Chalk Modeled Map of North America in Fourth and Fifth Grades 87
IX. Map of North America 96
X. Natural Features of Interest in North America 104
XI. Map of Mexico, with Suggestions for Teachers of Fifth and Sixth Grades 108
XII. Map of Section of the United States of America for Use in Preparatory Lessons on the Civil War 117
XIII. Map of South America 123
XIV. Map of Eurasia, with Sections in Detail 127
XV. Maps of Africa and Australia. Summary of Instructions 132
Books of Reference 137