GENERAL INDEX

Fabiola, the widow, established the first hospital in Rome, 235
Fabricius ab Acquapendente, 349, 351, 378, 478
Fabricius of Hilden, 464
Facial hemiparesis, sculptured in marble (Fig.), 68
Fallopius or Falloppius, Gabriele, 341, 348, 360, 393, 474, 478
Farragut, of Girgenti, Sicily, 262
Faust, Johannes, 322
Fedeles, Fortunatus, 398
Fees, medical, in Babylonia, 15
Fever, nature of, as taught by Sydenham, 423
Feldbuch der Wundartzney, von Gerssdorff’s, 462
Femur, fracture of, 510
Ferment in blood the cause of small-pox (Rhazes), 220
Fernel, Jean, 414
Filaria Medinensis, removal of, from boy’s leg, 489
Finckenstein, 543
Fistula in ano, John Arderne’s treatise on, 307
Flammula, 522
Flint knives, 9
Flos Medicinae, title of medical treatise, 251
Flourens, 374
Foramen Botalli, 413
Forceps for crushing stone in the bladder (Fig.), 497
Forceps, obstetrical, invention of, 535
Foreest, Peter, 413
Formulary of Sabour ben Sahl, 209
Fossel, 391
Fra Sarpi, 378
Fracastoro, Hieronymus, 221, 362, 389, 391
Franco, Pierre, 490, 494, 495, 497
Franconian operation, revived in 1719 by John Douglas of London, 496
Frederick II., King of Sicily, promotes work of translating from the Arabic, 261
Freind, John, 184, 195, 416
Frère Jacques de Beaulieu, 550
Friedlaender, 3

Gabriel, the most distinguished member of the Bakhtichou family, 207
Gaius, of Naples, a distinguished ophthalmologist, 115
Gale, Thomas, 517
Galeazzo di Santa Sofia, Professor of Anatomy at Vienna, 311
Galen, Claudius, 74, 160, 316, 344
on the nature of the blood, 372
on the true function of respiration, 372
on the treatment of wounds, 275
treatises written by, 167
Galenic doctrines, 400
Galenical preparations, 317
Galenism, meaning of the term, 388
Galenists, English, in 17th century, 419
Galen’s system of therapeutics still used in Persia, 317
Galileo, 546
Gallu, the demon who causes diseases of the hand, 13
Gariopontus, a teacher at Salerno, 245, 247
Gas sylvestre, 401
Geber, credited with being the founder of chemistry, 233
now believed to be a mythical personage, 320
Gentile da Foligno, 266
Gerard of Cremona, 227, 261
Germ origin of certain febrile diseases suspected by Rhazes, 221
Germany, devastated during the 17th century, 426
medical education in (from 1400 to 1600), 454
Gerssdorff, Hans von, 460
Gesner, Conrad, 394
Gilbertus Anglicus, 305, 516
Gilles de Corbeil, on urology, 255
Gladiators, schools for, 68
Glauber’s salt, 410
Glisson, Francis, 358, 546
Glossulae quatuor magistrorum, 280
Gordonius, 296
Gourdon, Bernard de (Gordonius), 296
Gout, remedy for, recommended by Aëtius, 195
Graaf, Reignier de, 359, 361
Grapheus, Benevenutus, celebrated eye surgeon of the 12th century, 256
Graves, robbing of, for dissecting material, 309, 332, 336
Great Britain, condition of surgery in, during 16th and 17th centuries, 516
Greek proverbs relating to medicine, 77
Gregory, Bishop of Tours, 241
Griffon, Jean, distinguished Genevese surgeon, 464
Guaiac, inefficient anti-syphilitic remedy, 405
Guainerio, of Pavia, 496
Guarna, Rebecca, 245
Guericke, Otto von, 546
Guido Guidi (Vidus Vidius), the anatomist, 340
Guillemeau, Jacques, 536
Guiscard, Robert, a resident at Salerno, 240
Guldinus, Paul, 409
Gunpowder, first employment of, in European warfare, 328
Gunshot wounds, 467, 473
Gurlt, von, 455
Guy de Chauliac, 227, 263, 298, 299, 310
founder of didactic surgery, 300
manner of treating injured nerves, 302
manner of treating fractures of the thigh, 304
Gymnastic exercises, institutions for cultivating, 68
Gynaecologists, early, 115
Gynaecology successfully practiced by Soranus, 140

Haller, Albert von, 142, 344
Haly, Abbas, a Persian physician and the author of the famous treatise called “Al-Maleky”—“The Royal Book,” 223
Hammurabi’s law with reference to physicians’ fees in Babylonia, 15
Harderwyk, University of, 439
Haroun Alraschid, 206
Harvey, William, discoverer of the circulation of the blood, 379
Head, injuries of (Wuertz), 467
Heart, anatomy of, according to de Mondeville, 289
physiology of, 377
Heidelberg, University of, 454
Heliodorus, 202
Helvetius, 409
Hemorrhage from a wound, different means of arresting, 154, 277
Henry the Second’s manner of death, 511
Henschel, researches of, 246
Herakleides, of Tarentum, 111
Hercules an ancestor of Hippocrates, 81
Hermetic books relating to medicine, 18
Hernia, radical cure of, by members of the Norsa family, 482
Hernia-healers, 490
Herodicus, of Selymbria, 69
Herodotus, a different person from the famous historian, 26, 142
Herophilus, a distinguished physician of Chalcedon, 104
Herzog, excavations made by, at Cos, 55
Hesychios, 201
Heurnius, Johannes, clinical teacher at Leyden, 429
High operation for stone in the bladder (le haut appareil), 495, 496
Highmore, Nathaniel, 359, 546
Hindu physicians held very crude ideas about pathology, 31
Hippocrates the Great, 81, 82, 98, 411
Hippocratic oath, 71
Hippocratic writings, French version of Littré, 83
German version of Fuchs, 84
short extracts, 89
Hirsch, August, 399, 545
Hobeïch, 215
Hofmann, Moritz, 358
Hoffmann, Friedrich, 431, 434
Hoffmann’s anodyne, 437
Homeric poems probably written about B. C. 800, 46
Homer’s familiarity with anatomy, 48
Honein, 208, 212, 214, 317
Hospital gangrene, Wuertz’s views regarding, 469
Hospitals in the Middle Ages, 219, 235
Hôtel-Dieu at Lyons founded in the 6th century, 236, 450
Hôtel-Dieu at Paris over-crowded in early part of 16th century (Fig.), 452
Hrabanus Maurus, Abbot of Fulda Monastery, 241
Hugo Benzi (Hugo of Siena), 312
Hugo of Lucca, 275
Hydrotherapy at the Cos Asclepieion, 54
in the treatment of gout, 129
Hygieia, daughter of Aesculapius, 50
Hyoscyamus, when first used for dilating the pupils, 157
Hyrtl, Joseph, 311, 356, 532

Iatreia, or small private hospitals, 68
Iatrochemists and IATROPHYSICISTS in 17th century, 366
Ibrahim, pupil of George Bakhtichou, 206
Idea morbosa (Van Helmont), 399
Ileo-caecal valve, discovery of, 350
Iliad and Odyssey, references in, to medicine, 47
India, ancient, rich in skilful surgeons, 35
India, great mortality in, from bites of venomous serpents, 64
the medicine of, 31
Ingrassia, 349
Innocent XI., Pope, 392
Inoculation against small-pox practiced by the Chinese in the 11th century, 43
Intention, healing by first, 277
Intestine, wounds of, 255, 459
Ionian School of Philosophy, 72
Ipecacuanha, discovery of, 408, 409
Isaac, son of Honein, 215
Isis, 19
Isola San Bartolommeo, 51
Israelites, medicine of the, 26, 27
Issa ben Chalata, 205
Itinerant lithotomists, 549

Jacobus Psychrestos, 201
Jalap, 395
Jamerius, author of “Chirurgia Jamati,” 255
Janiscus, son of Aesculapius, 50
Japanese physicians, modern, 45
Jardin-du-Roi, 540
Jaso, daughter of Aesculapius, 50
Jean de Vigo, 472, 473
Jewish medical students, numerous at Montpellier, 265
John of Arderne, 516
of Capua, 261
of Gaddesden, 305, 516
of Salisbury, 264
the Grammarian, of Alexandria, 185
Journalism, medical, beginnings of, 545
Julian the Apostate, Roman Emperor, 236, 435
Jusserand, 306

Kerckring, Theodor, 359
King, Edmund, 408
Kitab al-kullidschat (= “Colliget”), title of Averroes’ treatise, 229
Koelliker, 455

Laboulbène, comments on Sydenham, 425
Labyrinth of temporal bone, 80
Lancisi, Giovanni Maria, 349, 391
discovers copper plates intended for Eustachius’ “Anatomy,” 392
Lanfranchi, 282, 284
Languages, learned, importance of acquiring a knowledge of them, 271
Lanolin, described by Dioscorides in A. D. 100, 318
Lapeyronie, François de, 531
Laryngoscopy, direct, mentioned by Savonarola, 313
Latin, barbaric, 262, 300
commonly employed by teachers of medicine in 16th and 17th centuries, 369
habitually spoken at Oxford and Cambridge in 17th century, 424
Laudanum, Sydenham’s liquid, formula for, 424
Laurea Anglica, title of treatise written by Gilbertus Anglicus, 305
Laxatives, a term originated by the Methodists, 133
Laxum and strictum, 130
Le Clerc, Daniel, 73, 171
Le Clerc, Lucien, 217
Leech lodged in the naso-pharynx, 397
Leeches, therapeutic employment of, first mentioned by Themison, 133
Leeuwenhoek, Anton van, 360
Leg, amputation of (Fig.), 463
Leibnitz, 363
Leonides, 201
Leonine versification, 251
Levret, 539
Libraries, public, seventy possessed by Spain during the 12th century, 232
Liebreich, originator of the term “lanolin,” 318
Ligatures applied to blood-vessels by Archigenes in the early part of 2d century, 143
employment of, by Jean de Vigo, in 1460, 473
used on amputation stumps, 519
Linacre, Thomas, 416
founded two “lectures of physick” at Oxford, 417
instrumental in securing the foundation of the College of Physicians at London, 417
Liquor balsamicus, 357
Lithontripsy, Giovanni de Romanis supposed to be the inventor of, 474
Lithotome of Frère Côme (Fig.), 553
Lithotomists, itinerant, 490, 549
Lithotomy, suprapubic, 495
Lithotrity practiced first by Beniveni in the 15th century, 498
Louis de Bourges, First Physician to Francis I., 414
Louvain, University of, 345
Lower, Richard, 408
Lucius Verus, Roman Emperor, 165
Lucrum neglectum, probable meaning of the expression, 353
Luke, “the beloved physician,” 30
Lutetia, Gaul, the present city of Paris, 435
Luther, Martin, a believer in the “black art,” 322
Lymphatics, intestinal, 385
Lyons, France, founding of the Hôtel-Dieu in that city (6th century), 236

Machaon and Podalirius, sons of Aesculapius, 47, 50
Magati, Cesare, 529
Maggi, Bartolommeo, 473
discoverer of the fact that a bullet is not hot at moment of inflicting a wound, 513
Magical remedies, 197
Magnus, disciple of Athenaeus, 142
Magreb, 218
Maimonides, esteemed the greatest Jew after Moses, 230
Malevolent spirits, capable of producing disease, 8
Malpighi, 360, 361
Manardus, Johannes, 389
Manfred, King of Sicily, 262
founds a university at Naples in 1258 A. D., 257
Manuscripts, medical, transcribing of, at Monastery of Saint Gall, 244
Marc Antonio della Torre, 339
Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor, 165
Marianus Sanctus, 474
Mariotte, Edme, 546
Martyrdom of Christian physicians, 180
Master of Medicine, grade of, 304
Materia medica, early Greek, 158
first modern treatise on (1447), 320
Mauriceau, François, 537
Maurus, teacher of medicine at Salerno, 245
Mayerne, Turquet de, 547
Meaux Saint-Marc, translator of “Schola Salernitana” into French, 250
Mediastinitis, case of, 228
Medical teaching in Ancient Greece, 70, 85
in the Asclepieia, 69
Medical treatises, Greek, destruction of, in Rome, during the 5th century, 185
Medicine, beginnings of a rational system of, 67
development of different sects, after the death of Hippocrates, 101
evolution of, as affected by the Arab Renaissance, 203, 233
God of, 50
influence of the Italian Renaissance upon, 260
mediaeval, 191
practice of, at Rome, in century preceding Christian era, 117
pre-Homeric period of, in Greece, 46
relation of monasteries to, 238
slowness of development of, 3
Medicine man of the Indian tribes the earliest type of the physician, 8
Medina worm discovered by Abulcasis, 233
Membrana Ruyschiana, 357
Menelaüs wounded at siege of Troy, 48
Menocritus, physician, honored by a marble column in Greece, 99
Mercuriade, teacher of medicine at Salerno, 245
Mesopotamia, medicine in, 11
Mesué, John, the Elder, 209
Metasyncrisis, a term originated by Thessalus, 136
Methodists, school of the, 129, 138, 149
Meyer, Ernest von, 400
Meyer-Steineg, of Jena, Germany, 16, 52, 53, 68, 120, 129, 134, 142
Michael Scotus, 262
Microscopic anatomy, first beginnings of, 360, 362
Migraine relieved by arteriotomy, 470
Mikrotechne of Galen, 248
Minderer, Raymond, 407
Mineral waters employed extensively by the ancients in the form of baths, 157
Mirach, 521
Mirfeld, John, 306
Misopogon, title of satire written by Julian the Apostate, 436
Mithridates, 127
Mithridaticum, composition of, 112
Mixtum, term employed by the Methodists, 131
Mommsen, 235
Monasteries in the Middle Ages, 181, 235
relation of, to medicine, 238
Mondeville, Henri de (Fig.), 287, 288, 289, 291
Mondino, the anatomist, 274, 280, 312, 332
Monks obliged to practice medicine during the Middle Ages, 141, 154
Monte Cassino, founding of Benedictine monastery on, 238, 239
Montpellier, Medical School of, 264, 292, 332
Morbus gallicus, 543
Mosaic laws, the, related particularly to social hygiene, 26
Moschion, pupil of Soranus, 139
Motassem, Caliph, 210
Moxae, moxibustion, 44
Murphy’s button, Pfolspeundt’s (15th century) prototype of, 459
Musa, Antonius, physician of Emperor Augustus, 129
Musandinus, 245, 254
Musulmans as zealous as the Christians in establishing hospitals, 237

Naaman’s so-called leprosy cured by the prophet Elisha, 27
Namtar, the special demon of the Plague, 13
Naples, university established at, in 1258 A. D., 257
Nasal cavity, illuminating the, 482
Neo-Latin, 262
Neolithic age, state of medical knowledge during the, 9
Nepenthes, 49
Nerves, wounds of, comments of Guy de Chauliac upon, 302
Neuburger, Max, 24, 41, 51, 84, 132, 222, 228, 231, 249
Newton, Sir Isaac, 546
Nicaise, Edouard, 228, 263, 282, 287, 300
Nicholas, the monk, sent by the Emperor Romanus to Cordova as an interpreter of Dioscorides, 226
Nicolaus Myrepsus, 318
Nicolaus Praepositus, Antidotarium of, 253
Nicotine, the alkaloid found in tobacco, 395
Norsa family, celebrated as operators for the radical cure of hernia, 482
Nuck, Anton, the anatomist, 359, 439
Nufer, Jacob, 534

Oath, Hippocratic, 71
Obstetric methods, rational, of Soranus, 138, 139
Obstetrical forceps, 535
Obstetrics, practice of, in ancient Egypt, 17
Odyssey, reference to drugs in the, 18
Oil of St. John’s wort, 522
Oisypum (lanolin), first described by Dioscorides (100 A. D.), 318
Old Testament, medicine of the, 26
Oleum Hyperici, 522
Onasilos, a physician, bronze tablet in honor of (5th century B. C.), found in Island of Cyprus, 99
Opedeldoch, 404
Ophthalmologists, early, 115
Ophthalmology, important contributions to, 546
Opium, probably the drug referred to by term “nepenthes,” 49
proper manner of obtaining, first described by Scribonius Largus, 155
Sydenham’s opinion with regard to the value of, 424
Oporinus, Paracelsus’ assistant, 404
Ordronaux, John, 250, 252
Oribasius, 191
Oriental medicine, 11
Osiris, or Serapis, 19
Over-eating, according to the ancient Egyptians, is the cause of the majority of diseases, 22