CONTENTS

PART I. ANCIENT MEDICINE
PAGE
Preface ix
Chapter I. Development of the Science and Art of Medicine 3
Chapter II. Oriental Medicine 11
Chapter III. Oriental Medicine (continued) 25
Chapter IV. Greek Medicine at the Dawn of History 46
Chapter V. The Significance of the Serpent in the Statues and Votive Offerings Exposed to View in the Aesculapian Temples 62
Chapter VI. The Beginnings of a Rational System of Medicine in Greece 67
Chapter VII. Hippocrates the Great 81
Chapter VIII. Brief Extracts from Some of the Hippocratic Writings 89
Chapter IX. The State of Greek Medicine after the Events of the Peloponnesian War; the Founding of Alexandria in Egypt, at the Mouth of the Nile; and the Development of Different Sects in Medicine 96
Chapter X. Erasistratus and Herophilus, the Two Great Leaders in Medicine at Alexandria; the Founding of New Sects 104
Chapter XI. Asclepiades, the Introducer of Greek Medicine into Rome 116
Chapter XII. The State of Medicine at Rome after the Death of Asclepiades; the Founding of the School of the Methodists 129
Chapter XIII. The Further History of Methodism at Rome, and the Development of Two New Sects, viz., the Pneumatists and the Eclectics.—A General Survey of the Subject of Sects in Medicine 138
Chapter XIV. Well-known Medical Authors of the Early Centuries of the Christian Era 151
Chapter XV. Claudius Galen 160
Chapter XVI. The Influence of Christianity upon the Evolution of Medicine 179
PART II. MEDIAEVAL MEDICINE
Chapter XVII. The Condition of Medicine at Byzantium during the Early Part of the Middle Ages 191
Chapter XVIII. Beginning of the Arab Renaissance under the Caliphs of Bagdad 203
Chapter XIX. Further Advance of the Arab Renaissance during the Ninth and Succeeding Centuries of the Christian Era 212
Chapter XX. Hospitals and Monasteries in the Middle Ages 235
Chapter XXI. Medical Instruction at Salerno, Italy, in the Middle Ages 243
Chapter XXII. Early Evidences of the Influence of the Renaissance upon the Progress of Medicine in Western Europe 259
Chapter XXIII. Further Progress of Medicine and Surgery in Western Europe during the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and a Part of the Fifteenth Centuries 269
Chapter XXIV. During the Latter Half of the Middle Ages Surgery Assumes the Most Prominent Place in the Advance of Medical Science 292
Chapter XXV. Brief History of the Allied Sciences—Pharmacy, Chemistry and Balneotherapeutics 315
PART III. MEDICINE DURING THE RENAISSANCE
Chapter XXVI. Important Events that Preceded the Renaissance—Early Attempts to Dissect the Human Body 327
Chapter XXVII. The Founders of Human Anatomy and Physiology 340
Chapter XXVIII. Further Details Concerning the Advance in Our Knowledge of Anatomy.—Dissecting Made a Part of the Regular Training of a Medical Student.—Iatrochemists and Iatrophysicists.—The Employment of Latin in Lecturing and Writing on Medical Topics 355
Chapter XXIX. The Contributions Made by Different Men during the Renaissance, and More particularly by William Harvey of England, to Our Knowledge of the Circulation of the Blood, Lymph and Chyle 371
Chapter XXX. Advances Made in Internal Medicine and in the Collateral Branches of Botany, Pharmacology, Chemistry and Pathological Anatomy 387
Chapter XXXI. Chemistry and Experimental Pharmacology 398
Chapter XXXII. Some of the Leaders in Medicine in Italy, France and England during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 411
Chapter XXXIII. The Three Leading Physicians of Germany during the Latter Half of the Seventeenth Century: Franz de le Boë Sylvius, Friedrich Hoffmann and Georg Ernst Stahl 426
Chapter XXXIV. Hermann Boerhaave of Leyden, Holland, one of the Most Distinguished Physicians of the Seventeenth Century 438
Chapter XXXV. General Remarks on the Development of Surgery in Europe during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries 446
Chapter XXXVI. Surgery in Germany and Switzerland during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries 454
Chapter XXXVII. The Development of Surgery in Italy during the Renaissance 472
Chapter XXXVIII. The Development of Surgery in Spain and Portugal during the Renaissance 484
Chapter XXXIX. The Development of Surgery in France during the Renaissance.—Pierre Franco 490
Chapter XL. The Development of Surgery in France (continued).—Ambroise Paré 499
Chapter XLI. Surgery in Great Britain during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 516
Chapter XLII. Reforms Instituted by the Italian Surgeon Magati in the Treatment of Wounds.—Final Ending of the Feud between the Surgeons and the Physicians of Paris.—Revival of Interest in the Science of Obstetrics 529
Chapter XLIII. The First Appearance of Syphilis in Europe as an Epidemic Disease.—Medical Journalism.—The Beginnings of a Modern Pharmacopoeia.—Itinerant Lithotomists 542
List of the More Important Authorities Consulted 557
General Index 563