Transcriber Note

The Standard for F calculation should be 110.40 total, not 122.40, with the average 3.94, not 4.35. Corrected table.

In connection with this table it may be noted that the subjects agree regarding 2, 19, and 22, red tint no. 1, black, and A-red light; that M. estimates the colors higher than F. in seventeen cases; and that F. estimates 1, 3, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, higher than M. does. These individual differences are probably explicable on grounds of association; they are not, however, connected with the problem under consideration here, for we are concerned with the effect of combinations with other stimuli.

TABLE II. TOUCHES

The various articles were fastened to small pieces of wood and placed in small cardboard boxes. In active touch, the subjects were allowed to stroke the object gently twice, always with a contracting movement of the forefinger of the right hand. In passive touch, the operator stroked the subject's forefinger with the object, twice as before. The table explains itself.

    Standards.
No. of   Active. Passive.
Touch. Description. F. M. F. M.
1 Thick napped velvet 6.90 6.60 7.00 7.00
2 Thin stretched rubber, such as is
used on tambours		 5.70 5.40 6.00 6.00
3 Glazed thin cardboard 5.80 5.50 5.50 6.00
4 White silk ribbon—always stroked
with the ribs		 5.80 5.70 5.40 5.00
5 Soft, split, rough leather 5.50 5.50 5.00 6.00
6 Smooth polished cork 5.70 5.10 5.40 6.00
7 Glazed tin 5.00 4.50 6.00 6.00
8 Rough, tarred paper 4.30 4.60 4.00 5.00
9 Blue blotting paper 4.50 5.10 4.20 5.00
10 Sand paper no. 1, fine grained 2.20 3.50 2.00 4.00
11 Shot no. 3, set in paraffine 2.70 4.90 3.00 3.50
12 Sandpaper no. 21⁄2, coarse-grained 1.40 2.00 1.50 3.00
13 A coarse, rough, ridged cotton cloth,
always stroked across the ridges		 4.00 2.40 4.70 3.50
14 A thin, closely woven white muslin 4.20 4.60 4.20 5.00
           
          Totals 63.70 65.40 63.90 71.00
          Average 4.55 4.67 4.56 5.14

Transcriber Note

The Standards for Active M. Total calculation should be 65.40, not 59.40, with the average 4.67, not 4.24. The average for Total Passive M. should be 71.00 not 72.00. Corrected table.

TABLE III. TONES

The table of tone-combinations shows that some are simply repetitions of the same chord in a higher octave, as 1 and 9, 5 and 13, 15 and 14. The first sixteen are harmonious; so also the twenty-sixth; the others introduce beats and discords, some of which are agreeable, as 20 and 21, while others are disagreeable, as 19 and 27. Individual differences appear in this as in the previous series. The totals introduced into the tables simply go to show that in each series the total judgments are not widely diverse.

No of     Standards.
Tones.   Description. F. M.
1 256, 320 4.25 3.25
2 256, 384 4.25 3.00
3 256, 320, 384 5.60 3.00
4 320, 384 4.30 3.50
5 256, 512 4.65 5.50
6 320, 512 4.10 5.00
7 384, 512 4.90 5.00
8 512, 640 5.40 5.30
9 512, 768 5.50 5.80
10 640, 768 4.40 5.00
11 640, 1024 4.25 3.40
12 768, 1024 4.80 5.50
13 512, 1024 5.60 5.80
14 512, 640, 768, 1024       6.30 5.90
15 256, 320, 384, 512 6.50 4.00
16 320, 512, 768 5.00 4.70
17 136, 144 2.00 2.50
18 156, 160 3.80 4.00
19 136, 140 2.70 3.50
20 440, 444 6.81 6.00
21 504, 508 6.70 6.40
22 148, 152, 156 1.70 2.50
23 172, 296, 452 3.00 2.50
24 180, 480, 768 3.40 2.50
25 232, 328, 492 3.20 2.50
26 256, 512, 768 5.00 5.50
27 256, 240, 384 2.00 1.70
  Totals 120.11     113.25
  Average 4.45 4.19

Transcriber Note

The Standards for F. Total calculation should be 120.11, not 117.04, with the average 4.45, not 4.33. The average for M. should be 4.19 not 4.20. Corrected table.

The following tables deal with the combined series.

Table IV shows that the appreciation of the colors was, in general, lowered slightly by the combinations with the tones; and, also, that the appreciation of the tones was lowered more than one point by the combinations with the colors. By referring to Tables I and III, M.'s average for the colors is 4.44 and for the tones 4.20.

TABLE IV. COLOR-TONE RESULTS. M.

No. of times color was Total No. of points
No. of     Not color was Net result
Color Raised Lowered Affected Raised + Lowered – + –
1 3 15 9 3 15   12
2 0 22 5 0 23   23
3 0 27 0 0 32.2   32.2
4 0 27 0 0 20.4   20.4
5 0 27 0 0 8.2   8.2
6 23 4 0 12.5 2 10.5  
7 14 13 0 11.2 2.6 8.6  
8 6 5 16 6 5 1  
9 16 11 0 6.4 6.6   .2
10 1 26 0 .8 20.2   19.4
11 0 27 0 0 36.8   36.8
12 0 23 4 0 23   23
13 2 25 0 1 18.5   17.5
14 9 18 0 8.1 9   .9
15 1 12 15 1 14   13
16 1 26 0 .7 16.8   16.1
17 7 20 0 6.5 12   5.5
18 13 14 0 4.9 10.8   5.9
19 0 0 27 0 0    
20 1 26 0 .8 9.2   8.4
21 0 6 21 0 6   6
22 7 20 0 3.1 16   12.9
23 21 6 0 9.3 4.2 5.1  
24 12 2 13 17 3 14  
25 8 19 0 5 7.7   2.7
26 1 4 22 1 4   3
27 16 11 0 12 3.3 8.7  
28 13 14 0 6 10   4
Totals 175 450 132     48.1 270
Grand Total (28 × 27) 756. Net lowered 223.2
Average lowering of each color judgment, 223.2⁄756 = .295
% of judgments of color lowered, 450⁄756 = 59+
% of judgments of color raised, 175⁄756 = 23+
% of judgments of color not affected, 132⁄756 = 17+

Transcriber Note

Above table: Needs to be raised or lowered:

#25 2.1 to 2.7. #27 8.9 to 8.7. #28 3.5 to 4.
Totals: 131 total is 132. 48.1 total is 47.9. 270 to 271.1.
Net lowered 221.9 change to 223.2.
Average lowering of each color judgment, 221.9/756 = .293 change to: 223.2/756 = .295
% of judgments of color not affected, 131/756 = 17+ to 132/756 = 17+.

No. of times tone was Total No. of points
No. of     Not tone was Net result
Tone Raised Lowered Affected Raised + Lowered – + –
1 0 28 0 0 29   29
2 4 9 15 4 9   5
3 2 22 4 2 28   26
4 7 21 0 4.5 17.5   13
5 0 28 0 0 32   32
6 0 24 4 0 35   35
7 0 22 6 0 32   32
8 4 24 0 2.8 11.2   8.4
9 3 25 0 .6 37   36.4
10 0 17 11 0 25   25
11 15 13 0 16 7.2 8.8  
12 6 22 0 3 20   17
13 10 18 0 2 22.4   20.4
14 3 25 0 .3 37.5   37.2
15 0 27 1 0 55   55
16 4 24 0 1.2 38.8   37.6
17 2 26 0 1 22   21
18 0 27 1 0 66   66
19 0 28 0 0 56   56
20 1 19 8 1 23   22
21 6 22 0 3.6 13.8   10.2
22 0 28 0 0 37   37
23 1 27 0 .5 33.5   33
24 10 18 0 5 13   8
25 7 21 0 3.5 24.5   21
26 5 23 0 2.5 50.5   48
27 1 27 0 .3 18.9   18.6
Totals 91 615 50     8.8 741
Grand Total (27 × 28), 756. Net lowered 741
Average lowering of each tone judgment,   .98+
% of judgments of tones lowered, 615⁄756 = 81+
% of judgments of tones raised, 91⁄756 = 12+
% of judgments of tones not affected, 50⁄756 = 6+

Transcriber Note:

Above table needs to be raised or lowered:

#8 36.3 to 36.4. #14 3.72 to 37.2.
Total change to 829.7 to 749.8, and Net lowered to 820.9 to 741.
Average lowering of each tone judgment, 1.08+ to .98+

TABLE V. COLOR-TONE RESULTS. F.

No. of times color was No. of points
color was		 Net result
No. of
Color		 Raised Lowered Not
Affected		 Raised + Lowered – + –
1 9 18 0 10 19.2   9.2
2 0 24 3 0 38   38
3 0 26 1 0 31   31
4 1 26 0 0.4 33.6   33.2
5 9 18 0 7.2 16.6   9.4
6 3 24 0 3.7 12.4   8.7
7 13 14 0 9.1 4.2 4.9  
8 9 4 13 9 4 5  
9 21 6 0 12.4 5.8 6.6  
10 18 9 0 15.90 12 3.9  
11 19 8 0 10.7 5.6 5.1  
12 9 18 0 7.4 13.2   5.8
13 5 7 15 6 7   1
14 7 20 0 6.2 4 2.2  
15 5 22 0 6.5 5.1 1.4  
16 1 26 0 .8 17.2   16.4
17 2 25 0 1 13.5   12.5
18 3 24 0 1.35 18.6   17.25
19 0 3 24 0 3   3
20 18 9 0 14.4 2.8   11.6
21 9 0 18 9 0 9  
22 5 22 0 4.5 26.2   21.7
23 2 25 0 1.8 5.5   3.7
24 5 7 15 6 7   1
25 1 26 0 .9 28.4   27.5
26 16 11 0 8 5.5 2.5  
27 19 8 0 14.4 3.2 11.2  
28 7 20 0 6.3 4 2.3  
Totals 215 451 90     54.1 250.95
Grand Total 756   Net lowered 196.85
Average lowering of each color judgment,      .26+  
% of judgments of color lowered, 451⁄756 = 59.6+  
% of judgments of color raised, 215⁄756 = 28+  
% of judgments of color not affected, 90⁄756 = 11.9+  
No. of times tone was No. of points tone was Net result
No. of     Not        
Tone Raised Lowered Affected Raised + Lowered – + –
1 6 22 0 3 20.5   17.5
2 2 26 0 1.5 22.5   21
3 2 26 0 .8 24.6   23.8
4 2 26 0 1.4 16.8   15.4
5 4 24 0 1.4 27.6   26.2
6 3 25 0 6.7 26.5   19.8
7 4 24 0 1.4 40.6   39.2
8 1 27 0 .6 32.8   32.2
9 1 27 0 .5 34.5   34
10 8 20 0 5.8 25   19.2
11 3 25 0 2.25 33.25   31
12 4 24 0 .8 38.2   37.4
13 2 26 0 .8 23.6   22.8
14 2 26 0 1.4 25.8   24.4
15 1 27 0 .5 32.5   32
16 0 21 7 0 40   40
17 4 10 14 4 10   6
18 18 10 0 22.6 14 8.6  
19 17 11 0 22.1 13.7 8.4  
20 6 22 0 4.8 22.6   17.8
21 10 18 0 3 17.6   14.6
22 18 10 0 10.4 7 3.4  
23 1 20 7 2 21   19
24 0 28 0 0 20.4   20.4
25 3 25 0 2.4 21   18.6
26 0 22 6 0 39   39
27 1 11 16 1 11   10
Totals 123 583 50     20 581.3
Grand Total 756   Net lowered,   581.3
Average lowering of each tone judgment,   .742+
% of judgments of tones lowered, 583⁄756 = 77+
% of judgments of tones raised, 123⁄756 = 16+
% of judgments of tones not affected, 50⁄756 = 6+

Transcriber Note

Above table: Lowered #18 8.2 is 8.6, change the total to 20.4.

Net lowered changed from 581.3 to 560.9

TABLE VI. TONE-ACTIVE TOUCH RESULTS. M.

No. of times tone was  
No. of     Not No. of points tone was Net result
Tone Raised Lowered affected Raised + Lowered – + –
1 14 0 0 31.5 0 31.5  
2 14 0 0 29 0 29  
3 14 0 0 30 0 30  
4 14 0 0 32 0 32  
5 9 5 0 9.5 4.5 5  
6 14 0 0 25 0 25  
7 14 0 0 22 0 22  
8 14 0 0 22.8 0 22.8  
9 14 0 0 16.8 0 16.8  
10 14 0 0 25 0 25  
11 14 0 0 46.8 0 46.8  
12 14 0 0 21 0 21  
13 14 0 0 13.8 0 13.8  
14 13 1 0 13.4 .9 12.5  
15 13 0 1 23 0 23  
16 14 0 0 24.2 0 24.2  
17 14 0 0 25 0 25  
18 13 0 1 28 0 28  
19 14 0 0 30 0 30  
20 13 1 0 13 0 13  
21 13 1 0 7.8 0 7.8  
22 14 0 0 24 0 24  
23 14 0 0 21 0 21  
24 14 0 0 42 0 42  
25 14 0 0 38 0 38  
26 12 2 0 11 2 9  
27 13 1 0 22.9 .6 22.3  
Totals, 365 11 2     640.5  
Grand Total, 378.     Net raised, 640.5
Average raising of each tone judgment,     1.69+
% of judgments of tones lowered,    11⁄378 = .2+
% of judgments of tones raised,  365⁄378 = 97+
% of judgments of tones not affected,    2⁄378 = .5+

Transcriber Note

Above table: the Net + raised should be 640.5, not 649.5; with the 'Average raising of each tone judgment,' being 1.69, not 1.71. Changed in table.

No. of times touch was  
No. of     Not No. of points touch was Net result
Touch Raised Lowered affected Raised + Lowered – + –
1 27 0 0 10.8 0 10.8  
2 6 21 0 3.6 12.4   8.8
3 10 17 0 5.8 8.5   3.5
4 6 21 0 2.8 16.7   13.9
5 14 13 0 8 6.5 1.5  
6 8 19 0 7.2 6.9 .3  
7 16 11 0 11 6.5 4.5  
8 22 5 0 13.8 3 10.8  
9 7 20 0 6.3 5 1.3  
10 26 1 0 23 .5 22.5  
11 21 6 0 2.1 5.4 3.3  
12 26 0 1 38 0 38  
13 27 0 0 48.4 0 48.4  
14 23 4 0 14.2 2.4 11.8  
Totals 239 138 1     149.9 29.5
Grand Total, 378     Net raised, 120.4