Dryden.
2. To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy. "Ravished . . . for the joy." Chaucer.
Thou hast ravished my heart.
Cant. iv. 9.
3. To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and against her consent; to rape. Shak.
Syn. -- To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate; deflour; force.
Rav"ish*er (-r), n. One who ravishes (in any sense).
Rav"ish*ing, a. Rapturous; transporting.
Rav"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a ravishing manner.
Rav"ish*ment (-ment), n. [F. ravissement. See Ravish.] 1. The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction; as, the ravishment of children from their parents, of a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband. Blackstone.
2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy. Spenser.
In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.
Milton.
3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape.
Rav"is*sant (rv"s*snt), a. [F.] (Her.) In a half-raised position, as if about to spring on prey.
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Raw (r), a. [Compar. Rawer (-r); superl. Rawest.] [AS. hreáw; akin to D. raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. r, Icel. hrr, Dan. raa, Sw. rå, L. crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr. kravis raw flesh. √18. Cf. Crude, Cruel.] 1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat.
2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a raw recruit.
Approved himself to the raw judgment of the multitude.
De Quincey.
3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; unwrought. Specifically: (a) Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.] Bacon. (b) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton. (c) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw spirits. (d) Not tried; not melted and strained; as, raw tallow. (e) Not tanned; as, raw hides. (f) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a piece of metal or of cloth.
4. Not covered; bare. Specifically: (a) Bald. [Obs.] "With skull all raw." Spenser (b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore. (c) Sore, as if by being galled.
And all his sinews waxen weak and raw
Through long imprisonment.
Spenser.
5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; bleak; as, a raw wind. "A raw and gusty day." Shak.
Raw material, material that has not been subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw material used in smelting; leather is the raw material of the shoe industry. -- Raw pig, cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.
Raw, n. A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch one on the raw.
Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a raw.
De Quincey.
Raw"bone` (r"bn`), a. Rawboned. [Obs.] Spenser.
Raw"boned` (-bnd`), a. Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt. Shak.
Raw"head` (r"hd`), n. A specter mentioned to frighten children; as, rawhead and bloodybones.
Raw"hide` (r"hd`), n. A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.
Raw"ish, a. Somewhat raw. [R.] Marston.
Raw"ly, adv. 1. In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience.
2. Without proper preparation or provision. Shak.
Raw"ness, n. The quality or state of being raw.
Ray (r), v. t. [An aphetic form of array; cf. Beray.] 1. To array. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.] "The filth that did it ray." Spenser.
Ray, n. Array; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.]
And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray.
Spenser.
Ray, n. [OF. rai, F. rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff, rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. Radius.] 1. One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays.
2. (Bot.) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See Radius.
3. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.
4. (Physics) (a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray. (b) One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust. under Light.
5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen.
All eyes direct their rays
On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze.
Pope.
6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray.
Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See Pencil of rays, below. -- Extraordinary ray (Opt.), that one of two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction. -- Ordinary ray (Opt.), that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction. -- Pencil of rays (Geom.), a definite system of rays. -- Ray flower, or Ray floret (Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed. -- Ray point (Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays. -- Röntgen ray (rnt"gn) (Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called radiographs, or sciagraphs.. So called from the discoverer, W. C. Röntgen. -- X ray, the Röntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.
Ray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rayed (rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Raying.] [Cf. OF. raier, raiier, rayer, L. radiare to irradiate. See Ray, n., and cf. Radiate.] 1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. [From Ray, n.] To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray smiles. [R.] Thomson.
Ray, v. i. To shine, as with rays. Mrs. Browning.
Ray, n. [F. raie, L. raia. Cf. Roach.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Raiæ, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate.
Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (Stoasodon nàrinari) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. -- Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray (Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins. -- Devil ray. See Sea devil. -- Eagle ray, any large ray of the family Myliobatidæ, or Ætobatidæ. The common European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and miller. -- Electric ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo. -- Starry ray, a common European skate (Raia radiata). -- Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family Trygonidæ having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree.
||Ra"yah (r"y or rä"y), n. [Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to pasture, guard.] A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax. [Turkey]
Ray" grass` (r" grs`). [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.] (Bot.) A perennial European grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye grass, and red darnel. See Darnel, and Grass.
Italian ray, or rye, grass. See Darnel, and Grass.
Ray"less (r"ls), a. Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes.
Ray"on (r"n), n. [F.] Ray; beam. [Obs.] Spenser.
Ray"on*nant (r"n*nnt), a. [F.] (Her.) Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out.
Raze (rz), n. [See Race.] A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as race, a root.
Raze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razed (rzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Razing.] [F. raser. See Rase, v. t.] [Written also rase.] 1. To erase; to efface; to obliterate.
Razing the characters of your renown.
Shak.
2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to demolish.
The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin. See Demolish.
Razed (rzd), a. Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] "Two Provincial roses on my razed shoes." Shak.
Ra*zee" (r*z"), n. [F. vaisseau rasé, fr. raser to raze, to cut down ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] (Naut.) An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate. Totten.
Ra*zee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razeed (r*zd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Razeeing.] To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or class, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or an article.
Ra"zor (r"zr), n. [OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F. rasoir, LL. rasorium. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] 1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head. "Take thee a barber's razor." Ezek. v. 1.
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2. (Zoöl.) A tusk of a wild boar.
Razor fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A small Mediterranean fish (Coryphæna novacula), prized for the table. (b) The razor shell. -- Razor grass (Bot.), a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth. -- Razor grinder (Zoöl.), the European goat-sucker. -- Razor shell (Zoöl.), any marine bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially Solen, or Ensatella, ensis, ∧ Americana, which have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also razor clam, razor fish, knife handle. -- Razor stone. Same as Novaculite. -- Razor strap, or Razor strop, a strap or strop used in sharpening razors.
Ra"zor*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.] Shak.
Ra"zor*back` (-bk`), n. (Zoöl.) The rorqual.
Ra"zor-backed` (-bkt`), a. (Zoöl.) Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc.
Ra"zor*bill` (-bl`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of auk (Alca torda) common in the Arctic seas. See Auk, and Illust. in Appendix. (b) See Cutwater, 3.
Ra"zure (r"zhr; 135), n. [See Rasure.] 1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced; obliteration. See Rasure. Shak.
2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.
||Raz"zi*a (rä"z*ä), n. [F., fr. Ar. ghza (pron. razia in Algeria).] A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a raid.
Re- (r-). [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf. F. re-, ré-.] A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline, to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim, to call out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing again; rejoin, to join again; reiterate; reassure. Combinations containing the prefix re- are readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.
Re (r). [It.] (Mus.) A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of any diatonic scale.
Re`ab*sorb" (r`b*sôrb"), v. t. To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of fluids.
Re`ab*sorp"tion (-sôrp"shn), n. The act or process of reabsorbing.
Re`ac*cess" (r`k*ss" or r*k"ss), n. A second access or approach; a return. Hakewill.
Re`ac*cuse" (r`k*kz"), v. t. To accuse again.
Reach (rch), v. i. To retch. Cheyne.
Reach, n. An effort to vomit. [R.]
Reach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reached (rcht) (Raught, the old preterit, is obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching.] [OE. rechen, AS. rcan, rcean, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen, and possibly to AS. rce powerful, rich, E. rich. √115.] 1. To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member, something held, or the like.
Her tresses yellow, and long straughten,
Unto her heeles down they raughten.
Rom. of R.
Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my side.
John xx. 27.
Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far
Their pampered boughs.
Milton.
2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; as, to reach one a book.
He reached me a full cup.
2 Esd. xiv. 39.
3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; to extend some part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; as, to reach an object with the hand, or with a spear.
O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford,
Than I may reach the beast.
Dryden.
4. To strike, hit, or touch with a missile; as, to reach an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell.
5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.
If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let them examine.
Locke.
6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of extent; as, his land reaches the river.
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess
That reaches blame.
Milton.
7. To arrive at; to come to; to get as far as.
Before this letter reaches your hands.
Pope.
8. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be advanced to.
The best account of the appearances of nature which human penetration can reach, comes short of its reality.
Cheyne.
9. To understand; to comprehend. [Obs.]
Do what, sir? I reach you not.
Beau. & Fl.
10. To overreach; to deceive. [Obs.] South.
Reach, v. i. 1. To stretch out the hand.
Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste!
Milton.
2. To strain after something; to make efforts.
Reaching above our nature does no good.
Dryden.
3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something.
And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven.
Gen. xxviii. 12.
The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone.
Boyle.
4. (Naut.) To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to another, or with the wind nearly abeam.
To reach after or at, to make efforts to attain to or obtain.
He would be in the posture of the mind reaching after a positive idea of infinity.
Locke.
Reach, n. 1. The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; as, the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within reach of cannon shot.
2. The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.
Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters which they least intended.
Hayward.
Be sure yourself and your own reach to know.
Pope.
3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result; scope.
And on the left hand, hell,
With long reach, interposed.
Milton.
I am to pray you not to strain my speech
To grosser issues, nor to larger reach
Than to suspicion.
Shak.
4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up into the land. "The river's wooded reach." Tennyson.
The coast . . . is very full of creeks and reaches.
Holland.
5. An artifice to obtain an advantage.
The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own underhand to cross the design.
Bacon.
6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward bolster of a wagon.
Reach"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Being within reach.
Reach"er (-r), n. 1. One who reaches.
2. An exaggeration. [Obs.] Fuller.
Reach"less, a. Being beyond reach; lofty.
Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight.
Bp. Hall.
Re*act" (r*kt"), v. t. To act or perform a second time; to do over again; as, to react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome.
Re*act" (r*kt"), v. i. 1. To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.
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2. To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.
Re*ac"tion (r*k"shn), n. [Cf. F. réaction.] 1. Any action in resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a contrary direction; reverse action.
2. (Chem.) The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of these agents, with the production of new compounds or the manifestation of distinctive characters. See Blowpipe reaction, Flame reaction, under Blowpipe, and Flame.
3. (Med.) An action induced by vital resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or shock.
4. (Mech.) The force which a body subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite direction.
Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions.
Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).
5. (Politics) Backward tendency or movement after revolution, reform, or great progress in any direction.
The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and fortune reached the highest point, predicted the coming reaction.
Macaulay.
Reaction time (Physiol.), in nerve physiology, the interval between the application of a stimulus to an end organ of sense and the reaction or resulting movement; -- called also physiological time. -- Reaction wheel (Mech.), a water wheel driven by the reaction of water, usually one in which the water, entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a direction opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right angles, or inclined, to its radii.
Re*ac"tion*a*ry (-*r), a. Being, causing, or favoring reaction; as, reactionary movements.
Re*ac"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Reactionaries (-rz). One who favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress or revolution.
Re*ac"tion*ist, n. A reactionary. C. Kingsley.
Re*act"ive (r*kt"v), a. [Cf. F. réactif.] Having power to react; tending to reaction; of the nature of reaction. -- Re*act"ive*ly, adv. -- Re*act"ive*ness, n.
Read (rd), n. Rennet. See 3d Reed. [Prov. Eng.]
Read (rd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Read (rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Reading.] [OE. reden, ræden, AS. rdan to read, advise, counsel, fr. rd advice, counsel, rdan (imperf. reord) to advise, counsel, guess; akin to D. raden to advise, G. raten, rathen, Icel. rða, Goth. rdan (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr. rdh to succeed. √116. Cf. Riddle.] 1. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See Rede.
Therefore, I read thee, get thee to God's word, and thereby try all doctrine.
Tyndale.
2. To interpret; to explain; as, to read a riddle.
3. To tell; to declare; to recite. [Obs.]
But read how art thou named, and of what kin.
Spenser.
4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of, as of language, by interpreting the characters with which it is expressed; to peruse; as, to read a discourse; to read the letters of an alphabet; to read figures; to read the notes of music, or to read music; to read a book.
Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille.
Chaucer.
Well could he rede a lesson or a story.
Chaucer.
5. Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.
Who is't can read a woman?
Shak.
6. To discover or understand by characters, marks, features, etc.; to learn by observation.
An armed corse did lie,
In whose dead face he read great magnanimity.
Spenser.
Those about her
From her shall read the perfect ways of honor.
Shak.
7. To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; as, to read theology or law.
To read one's self in, to read aloud the Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates in a new benefice.
Read, v. i. 1. To give advice or counsel. [Obs.]
2. To tell; to declare. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like document.
So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense.
Neh. viii. 8.
4. To study by reading; as, he read for the bar.
5. To learn by reading.
I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence.
Swift.
6. To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or consist of, certain words or characters; as, the passage reads thus in the early manuscripts.
7. To produce a certain effect when read; as, that sentence reads queerly.
To read between the lines, to infer something different from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning as distinguished from the apparent meaning.
Read, n. [AS. rd counsel, fr. rdan to counsel. See Read, v. t.] 1. Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel. See Rede. [Obs.]
2. [Read, v.] Reading. [Colloq.] Hume.
One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read.
Furnivall.
Read (rd), imp. & p. p. of Read, v. t. & i.
Read (rd), a. Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.
A poet . . . well read in Longinus.
Addison.
Read`a*bil"i*ty (rd`*bl"*t), n. The state of being readable; readableness.
Read"a*ble (rd"*b'l), a. Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth reading; interesting. -- Read"a*ble*ness, n. -- Read"a*bly, adv.
Re`ad*dress" (r`d*drs"), v. t. To address a second time; -- often used reflexively.
He readdressed himself to her.
Boyle.
Re`a*dept" (-*dpt"), v. t. [Pref. re- + L. adeptus, p. p. of adipisci to obtain.] To regain; to recover. [Obs.]
Re`a*dep"tion (-dp"shn), n. A regaining; recovery of something lost. [Obs.] Bacon.
Read"er (rd"r), n. [AS. rdere.] 1. One who reads. Specifically: (a) One whose distinctive office is to read prayers in a church. (b) (University of Oxford, Eng.) One who reads lectures on scientific subjects. Lyell. (c) A proof reader. (d) One who reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises regarding their merit.
2. One who reads much; one who is studious.
3. A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in reading; an elementary book for practice in a language; a reading book.
Read"er*ship, n. The office of reader. Lyell.
Read"i*ly (rd"*l), adv. 1. In a ready manner; quickly; promptly. Chaucer.
2. Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly; cheerfully.
How readily we wish time spent revoked!
Cowper.
Read"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being ready; preparation; promptness; aptitude; willingness.
They received the word with all readiness of mind.
Acts xvii. 11.
Syn. -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude; promptness; aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness; dexterity; ease; cheerfulness. See Facility.
Read"ing (rd"ng), n. 1. The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written matter to be read.
2. Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of extensive reading.
3. A lecture or prelection; public recital.
The Jews had their weekly readings of the law.
Hooker.
4. The way in which anything reads; force of a word or passage presented by a documentary authority; lection; version.
5. Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of rendering. [Cant]
6. An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; as, the reading of a barometer.
Reading of a bill (Legislation), its formal recital, by the proper officer, before the House which is to consider it.
Read"ing, a. 1. Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.
2. Addicted to reading; as, a reading community.
Reading book, a book for teaching reading; a reader. -- Reading desk, a desk to support a book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading the service in a church. -- Reading glass, a large lens with more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and used in reading, etc. -- Reading man, one who reads much; hence, in the English universities, a close, industrious student. -- Reading room, a room appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers, periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.
Re`ad*journ" (r`d*jûrn"), v. t. To adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.
Re`ad*journ"ment (-ment), n. The act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.
Re`ad*just" (-jst"), v. t. To adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or relation; to rearrange.
Re`ad*just"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the United States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's creditors.
Re`ad*just"ment (-ment), n. A second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.
Re`ad*mis"sion (-msh"n), n. The act of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted; as, the readmission of fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the readmission of a student into a seminary.
Re`ad*mit" (-mt"), v. t. To admit again; to give entrance or access to again.
Whose ear is ever open, and his eye
Gracious to readmit the suppliant.
Milton.
Re`ad*mit"tance (-tans), n. Allowance to enter again; a second admission.
Re`a*dopt" (r`*dpt"), v. t. To adopt again. Young.
Re`a*dorn" (-dôrn"), v. t. To adorn again or anew.
Re`ad*vance" (r`d*vns"), v. i. To advance again.
Re`ad*vert"en*cy (-vrt"en*s), n. The act of adverting to again, or of reviewing. [R.] Norris.
Read"y (rd"), a. [Compar. Readier (-*r); superl. Readiest.] [AS. rde; akin to D. gereed, bereid, G. bereit, Goth. garáids fixed, arranged, and possibly to E. ride, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf. Array, 1st Curry.] 1. Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the troops are ready to march; ready for the journey. "When she redy was." Chaucer.
2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of being prepared or furnished. "Dinner was ready." Fielding.
My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage.
Matt. xxii. 4.
3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free; inclined; disposed.
I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus.
Acts xxi. 13.
If need be, I am ready to forego
And quit.
Milton.
4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as, a ready apprehension; ready wit; a ready writer or workman. "Ready in devising expedients." Macaulay.
Gurth, whose temper was ready, though surly.
Sir W. Scott.
5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near; easy. "The readiest way." Milton.
A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground,
The readiest weapon that his fury found.
Dryden.
6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with a following infinitive.
My heart is ready to crack.
Shak.
7. (Mil.) A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is, aim.
All ready, ready in every particular; wholly equipped or prepared. "[I] am all redy at your hest." Chaucer. -- Ready money, means of immediate payment; cash. "'T is all the ready money fate can give." Cowley. -- Ready reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating computations, as of interest, prices, etc. -- To make ready, to make preparation; to get in readiness.
Syn. -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating; dexterous; apt; skillful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune; fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See Prompt.
Read"y (rd"), adv. In a state of preparation for immediate action; so as to need no delay.
We ourselves will go ready armed.
Num. xxxii. 17.
Read"y, n. Ready money; cash; -- commonly with the; as, he was well supplied with the ready. [Slang]
Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to law, or to clear old debts.
Arbuthnot.
Read"y, v. t. To dispose in order. [Obs.] Heywood.
Read"y-made` (-md`), a. Made already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not made to order; as, ready-made clothing; ready-made jokes.
Read"y-wit`ted (-wt`td), a. Having ready wit.
Re`af*firm" (r`f*frm"), v. t. To affirm again.
{ Re`af*firm"ance (r`f*frm"ans), Re*af`fir*ma"tion (r*f`fr*m"shn), } n. A second affirmation.
Re`af*for"est (r`f*fr"st), v. t. To convert again into a forest, as a region of country.
Re`af*for`es*ta"tion (-s*t"shn), n. The act or process of converting again into a forest.
Re*a"gent (r*"jent), n. (Chem.) A substance capable of producing with another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies; a test.
Re*ag`gra*va"tion (- g`gr*v"shn), n. (R. C. Ch.) The last monitory, published after three admonitions and before the last excommunication.
Re`a*gree" (r`*gr"), v. i. To agree again.
Reak (rk), n. [√115. Cf. Wrack seaweed.] A rush. [Obs.] "Feeds on reaks and reeds." Drant.
Reak, n. [Cf. Icel. hrekkr, or E. wreak vengeance.] A prank. [Obs.] "They play such reaks." Beau. & Fl.
Re"al (r"al), n. [Sp., fr. real royal, L. regalis. See Regal, and cf. Ree a coin.] A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system.
A real of plate (coin) varied in value according to the time of its coinage, from 12½ down to 10 cents, or from 6½ to 5 pence sterling. The real vellon, or money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or 2½ pence sterling. In 1871 the coinage of Spain was assimilated to that of the Latin Union, of which the franc is the unit.
Re*al" (r*äl"), a. Royal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] "The blood real of Thebes." Chaucer.
Re"al (r"al), a. [LL. realis, fr. L. res, rei, a thing: cf. F. réel. Cf. Rebus.] 1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a description of real life.
Whereat I waked, and found
Before mine eyes all real, as the dream
Had lively shadowed.
Milton.
2. True; genuine; not artificial, counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real ginger.
Whose perfection far excelled
Hers in all real dignity.
Milton.
3. Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.]
Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the real part of business.
Bacon.
4. (Alg.) Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary.
5. (Law) Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal or movable property.
Chattels real (Law), such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See Chattel. -- Real action (Law), an action for the recovery of real property. -- Real assets (Law), lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the debts of the ancestor. -- Real composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof. Blackstone. -- Real estate or property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in houses and land. Kent. Burrill. -- Real presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the sense of transubstantiation. -- Real servitude, called also Predial servitude (Civil Law), a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor. Erskine. Bouvier.
Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic. -- Real, Actual. Real represents a thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we often say, "It actually exists," "It has actually been done." Thus its reality is shown by its actuality. Actual, from this reference to being acted, has recently received a new signification, namely, present; as, the actual posture of affairs; since what is now in action, or going on, has, of course, a present existence. An actual fact; a real sentiment.
For he that but conceives a crime in thought,
Contracts the danger of an actual fault.
Dryden.
Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things.
Locke.
<! p. 1195 pr=vmg !>
Re"al (r"al), n. A realist. [Obs.] Burton.
Re*al"gar (r*l"gr), n. [F. réalgar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj al ghr powder of the mine.] (Min.) Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red orpiment. It is also an artificial product.
Re"al*ism (r"al*z'm), n. [Cf. F. réalisme.] 1. (Philos.) (a) As opposed to nominalism, the doctrine that genera and species are real things or entities, existing independently of our conceptions. According to realism the Universal exists ante rem (Plato), or in re (Aristotle). (b) As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in sense perception there is an immediate cognition of the external object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and representative.
2. (Art & Lit.) Fidelity to nature or to real life; representation without idealization, and making no appeal to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.
Re"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. réaliste.] 1. (Philos.) One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that generals, or the terms used to denote the genera and species of things, represent real existences, and are not mere names, as maintained by the nominalists.
2. (Art. & Lit.) An artist or writer who aims at realism in his work. See Realism, 2.
Re`al*is"tic (-s"tk), a. Of or pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the realists; characterized by realism rather than by imagination.
Re`al*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In a realistic manner.
Re*al"i*ty (r*l"*t), n.; pl. Realities (- tz). [Cf. F. réalité, LL. realitas. See 3d Real, and cf. 2d Realty.] 1. The state or quality of being real; actual being or existence of anything, in distinction from mere appearance; fact.
A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in reality he does not comprehend his meaning.
Addison.
2. That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has objective existence, and is not merely an idea.
And to realities yield all her shows.
Milton.
My neck may be an idea to you, but it is a reality to me.
Beattie.
3. [See 1st Realty, 2.] Loyalty; devotion. [Obs.]
To express our reality to the emperor.
Fuller.
4. (Law) See 2d Realty, 2.
Re"al*i`za*ble (r"al*`z*b'l), a. Capable of being realized.
Re`al*i*za"tion (-*z"shn), n. [Cf. F. réalisation.] The act of realizing, or the state of being realized.
Re"al*ize (r"al*z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Realized (- zd); p. pr. & vb. n. Realizing (- `zng).] [Cf. F. réaliser.] 1. To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to bring into concrete existence; to effectuate; to accomplish; as, to realize a scheme or project.
We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighing a single grain against the globe of earth.
Glanvill.
2. To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual; to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in apprehension or experience.
Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek inscriptions] which realize ancient history to us.
Jowett.
We can not realize it in thought, that the object . . . had really no being at any past moment.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To convert into real property; to make real estate of; as, to realize his fortune.
4. To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to realize large profits from a speculation.
Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by diligent thrift realize a good estate.
Macaulay.
5. To convert into actual money; as, to realize assets.
Re"al*ize, v. i. To convert any kind of property into money, especially property representing investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc.
Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a word now first brought into use to express the conversion of ideal property into something real.
W. Irving.
Re"al*i`zer (-`zr), n. One who realizes. Coleridge.
Re"al*i`zing (-zng), a. Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality; as, a realizing view of the danger incurred. -- Re"al*i`zing*ly, adv.
Re`al*lege" (-l*lj"), v. t. To allege again. Cotgrave.
Re`al*li"ance (-l"ans), n. A renewed alliance.
Re"-al*ly" (-l"), v. t. [Pref. re- + ally, v. t.] To bring together again; to compose or form anew. Spenser.
Re"al*ly` (r"äl*l`), adv. Royally. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Re"al*ly (r"al*l), adv. In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.
Whose anger is really but a short fit of madness.
Swift.
Really is often used familiarly as a slight corroboration of an opinion or a declaration.
Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old.
Young.
Realm (rlm), n. [OE. realme, ream, reaume, OF. reialme, roialme, F. royaume, fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L. regalis royal. See Regal.] 1. A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the dominion of a king; a kingdom.
The absolute master of realms on which the sun perpetually shone.
Motley.
2. Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department; division; as, the realm of fancy.
Realm"less, a. Destitute of a realm. Keats.
Re"al*ness (r"al*ns), n. The quality or condition of being real; reality.
Re"al*ty (-t), n. [OF. réalté, LL. regalitas, fr. L. regalis. See Regal.] 1. Royalty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.] Milton.
Re"al*ty, n. [Contr. from 1st Reality.] 1. Reality. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
2. (Law) (a) Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real property; as, chattels which savor of the realty; -- so written in legal language for reality. (b) Real estate; a piece of real property. Blackstone.
Ream (rm), n. [AS. reám, akin to G. rahm.] Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale. [Scot.]
Ream, v. i. To cream; to mantle. [Scot.]
A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess, reamed with excellent claret.
Sir W. Scott.
Ream, v. t. [Cf. Reim.] To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or filaments.
Ream, n. [OE. reme, OF. rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma), fr. Ar. rizma a bundle, especially of paper.] A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting of twenty quires or 480 sheets.
Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half quires. [Eng.] A common practice is now to count five hundred sheets to the ream. Knight.
Ream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reamed (rmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaming.] [Cf. G. räumen to remove, to clear away, fr. raum room. See Room.] To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer.
Reame (rm), n. Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ream"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole, as the bore of a cannon, etc.
Re*am`pu*ta"tion (r*m`p*t"shn), n. (Surg.) The second of two amputations performed upon the same member.
Re*an"i*mate (r*n"*mt), v. t. To animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate; as, to reanimate a drowned person; to reanimate disheartened troops; to reanimate languid spirits. Glanvill.
Re*an`i*ma"tion (-m"shn), n. The act or operation of reanimating, or the state of being reanimated; reinvigoration; revival.
Re`an*nex" (r`n*nks"), v. t. To annex again or anew; to reunite. "To reannex that duchy." Bacon.
Re*an`nex*a"tion (-"shn), n. Act of reannexing.
Re*an"swer (r*n"sr), v. t. & i. To answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends for.
Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would bow under.
Shak.
Reap (rp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reaped (rpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaping.] [OE. repen, AS. rpan to seize, reap; cf. D. rapen to glean, reap, G. raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or E. ripe.] 1. To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by cutting.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field.
Lev. xix. 9.
2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to reap a benefit from exertions.
Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing
For peace, reap nothing but repulse and hate?
Milton.
3. To clear of a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field.
4. To deprive of the beard; to shave. [R.] Shak.
Reaping hook, an implement having a hook- shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of serrated.
Reap, v. i. To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a harvest.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.
Ps. cxxvi. 5.
Reap, n. [Cf. AS. rp harvest. See Reap, v.] A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright.
Reap"er (rp"r), n. 1. One who reaps.
The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads.
Macaulay.
2. A reaping machine.
Re`ap*par"el (r`p*pr"l), v. t. To clothe again.
Re`ap*pear" (r`p*pr"), v. i. To appear again.
Re`ap*pear"ance (-ans), n. A second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing again.
Re*ap`pli*ca"tion (r*p`pl*k"shn), n. The act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.
Re`ap*ply" (r`p*pl"), v. t. & i. To apply again.
Re`ap*point" (-point"), v. t. To appoint again.
Re`ap*point"ment (-ment), n. The act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.
Re`ap*por"tion (-pr"shn), v. t. To apportion again.
Re`ap*por"tion*ment (-ment), n. A second or a new apportionment.
Re`ap*proach" (r`p*prch"), v. i. & t. To approach again or anew.
Rear (rr), adv. Early; soon. [Prov. Eng.]
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear?
Gay.
Rear, n. [OF. riere behind, backward, fr. L. retro. Cf. Arrear.] 1. The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last in order; -- opposed to front.
Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost.
Milton.
2. Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.
When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear.
Milton.
Rear, a. Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear rank of a company.
Rear admiral, an officer in the navy, next in rank below a vice admiral and above a commodore. See Admiral. -- Rear front (Mil.), the rear rank of a body of troops when faced about and standing in that position. -- Rear guard (Mil.), the division of an army that marches in the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also figuratively. -- Rear line (Mil.), the line in the rear of an army. -- Rear rank (Mil.), the rank or line of a body of troops which is in the rear, or last in order. -- Rear sight (Firearms), the sight nearest the breech. -- To bring up the rear, to come last or behind.
Rear (rr), v. t. To place in the rear; to secure the rear of. [R.]
Rear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reared (rrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Rearing.] [AS. rran to raise, rear, elevate, for rsan, causative of rsan to rise. See Rise, and cf. Raise.] 1. To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; as, to rear a monolith.
In adoration at his feet I fell
Submiss; he reared me.
Milton.
It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts.
Barrow.
Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her banner.
Ld. Lytton.
2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct; as, to rear defenses or houses; to rear one government on the ruins of another.
One reared a font of stone.