Burke.
2. Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive. "Large, sound, roundabout sense." Locke.
Round"a*bout`, n. 1. A horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden horses, etc., on which children ride; a merry-go-round. Smart.
2. A dance performed in a circle. Goldsmith.
3. A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors, etc.
4. A state or scene of constant change, or of recurring labor and vicissitude. Cowper.
Round"a*bout`ness, n. The quality of being roundabout; circuitousness.
Round"-arm` (?), a. (Cricket) Applied to the method delivering the ball in bowling, by swinging the arm horizontally. R. A. Proctor.
Round"-backed` (?), a. Having a round back or shoulders; round-shouldered.
Round"ed, a. (Phonetics) Modified by contraction of the lip opening; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.
Roun"del (?), n. [OF. rondel a roundelay, F. rondel, rondeau, a dim. fr. rond; for sense 2, cf. F. rondelle a round, a round shield. See Round, a., and cf. Rondel, Rondelay.] 1. (Mus.) A rondelay. "Sung all the roundel lustily." Chaucer.
Come, now a roundel and a fairy song.
Shak.
2. Anything having a round form; a round figure; a circle.
The Spaniards, casting themselves into roundels, . . . made a flying march to Calais.
Bacon.
Specifically: (a) A small circular shield, sometimes not more than a foot in diameter, used by soldiers in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. (b) (Her.) A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a small circle. (c) (Fort.) A bastion of a circular form.
Round"e*lay (?), n. [OF. rondelet, dim. of rondel. See Roundel, Roundeau, and cf. Roundlet, Rundlet.] 1. (Poetry) See Rondeau, and Rondel.
2. (Mus.) (a) A tune in which a simple strain is often repeated; a simple rural strain which is short and lively. Spenser. Tennyson. (b) A dance in a circle.
3. Anything having a round form; a roundel.
Round"er (?), n. 1. One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or regularly.
2. A tool for making an edge or surface round.
3. pl. An English game somewhat resembling baseball; also, another English game resembling the game of fives, but played with a football.
Now we play rounders, and then we played prisoner's base.
Bagehot.
Round"fish (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any ordinary market fish, exclusive of flounders, sole, halibut, and other flatfishes. (b) A lake whitefish (Coregonus quadrilateralis), less compressed than the common species. It is very abundant in British America and Alaska.
Round"head` (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) A nickname for a Puritan. See Roundheads, the, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Toone.
Round"head`ed, a. Having a round head or top.
Round"house` (?), n. 1. A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or station house. [Obs.]
2. (Naut.) (a) A cabin or apartament on the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; -- sometimes called the coach. (b) A privy near the bow of the vessel.
3. A house for locomotive engines, built circularly around a turntable.
Round"ing, a. Round or nearly round; becoming round; roundish.
Round"ing, n. 1. (Naut.) Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn, wound round a rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also service.
2. (Phonetics) Modifying a speech sound by contraction of the lip opening; labializing; labialization. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.
Round"ish, a. Somewhat round; as, a roundish seed; a roundish figure. -- Round"ish*ness, n.
Round"let (?), n. A little circle. J. Gregory.
Round"ly, adv. 1. In a round form or manner.
2. Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply.
He affirms everything roundly.
Addison.
3. Briskly; with speed. locke.
Two of the outlaws walked roundly forward.
Sir W. Scott.
4. Completely; vigorously; in earnest. Shak.
5. Without regard to detail; in gross; comprehensively; generally; as, to give numbers roundly.
In speaking roundly of this period.
H. Morley.
Round"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being round in shape; as, the roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, a column, etc.
2. Fullness; smoothness of flow; as, the roundness of a period; the roundness of a note; roundness of tone.
3. Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness; as, the roundness of an assertion.
Syn. -- Circularity; sphericity; globosity; globularity; globularness; orbicularness; cylindricity; fullness; plumpness; rotundity.
Round"ridge` (?), v. t. (Agric.) To form into round ridges by plowing. B. Edwards.
Round"-shoul`dered (?), a. Having the shoulders stooping or projecting; round-backed.
Rounds"man (?), n.; pl. Roundsmen (&?;). A patrolman; also, a policeman who acts as an inspector over the rounds of the patrolmen.
Round"top` (?), n. (Naut.) A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so called because formerly round in shape.
Round"-up` (?), n. The act of collecting or gathering together scattered cattle by riding around them and driving them in. [Western U.S.]
Roun"dure (?; 135), n. [Cf. Rondure.] Roundness; a round or circle. [Obs.] Shak.
Round"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A nematoid worm.
Round"y (?), a. Round. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
Roup (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. AS. hr&?;pan to cry out, G. rufen, Goth. hr&?;pian. Cf. Roop.] To cry or shout; hence, to sell by auction. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Roup, n. 1. An outcry; hence, a sale of gods by auction. [Scot.] Jamieson.
To roup, that is, the sale of his crops, was over.
J. C. Shairp.
2. A disease in poultry. See Pip.
Rous"ant (?), a. (her.) Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising; also, sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed.
Rouse (rouz or rous), v. i. & t. [Perhaps the same word as rouse to start up, "buckle to."] (Naut.) To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical appliances.
Rouse (rouz), n. [Cf. D. roes drunkeness, icel. r&?;ss, Sw. rus, G. rauchen, and also E. rouse, v.t., rush, v.i. Cf. Row a disturbance.] 1. A bumper in honor of a toast or health. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic.
Fill the cup, and fill the can,
Have a rouse before the morn.
Tennyson.
Rouse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roused (rouzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Rousing.] [Probably of Scan. origin; cf. Sw. rusa to rush, Dan. ruse, AS. hreósan to fall, rush. Cf. Rush, v.] 1. To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase.
Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes.
Spenser.
Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening hound.
Pope.
2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly.
3. To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties, passions, or emotions.
To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in Christendom.
Atterbury.
4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate.
Blustering winds, which all night long
Had roused the sea.
Milton.
5. To raise; to make erect. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.
Rouse, v. i. 1. To get or start up; to rise. [Obs.]
Night's black agents to their preys do rouse.
Shak.
2. To awake from sleep or repose.
Morpheus rouses from his bed.
Pope.
3. To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or inattention.
Rous"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rouses.
2. Something very exciting or great. [Colloq.]
3. (Brewing) A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort.
Rous"ing (?), a. 1. Having power to awaken or excite; exciting.
I begin to feel
Some rousing motions in me.
Milton.
2. Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a rousing lie. [Colloq.]
Rous"ing*ly, adv. In a rousing manner.
Rous*sette" (?), n. [F.; -- so called in allusion to the color. See Russet.] 1. (Zoöl.) A fruit bat, especially the large species (Pieropus vulgaris) inhabiting the islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about a yard across the expanded wings.
2. (Zoöl.) Any small shark of the genus Scyllium; -- called also dogfish. See Dogfish.
Roust (roust), v. t. To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Roust, n. [Cf. Icel. röst an estuary.] A strong tide or current, especially in a narrow channel. [Written also rost, and roost.] Jamieson.
Roust"a*bout` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance jobs. [Western U.S.]
Rout (rout), v. i. [AS. hrtan.] To roar; to bellow; to snort; to snore loudly. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
Rout, n. A bellowing; a shouting; noise; clamor; uproar; disturbance; tumult. Shak.
This new book the whole world makes such a rout about.
Sterne.
"My child, it is not well," I said,
"Among the graves to shout;
To laugh and play among the dead,
And make this noisy rout."
Trench.
Rout, v. t. [A variant of root.] To scoop out with a gouge or other tool; to furrow.
To rout out (a) To turn up to view, as if by rooting; to discover; to find. (b) To turn out by force or compulsion; as, to rout people out of bed. [Colloq.]
Rout, v. i. To search or root in the ground, as a swine. Edwards.
Rout, n. [OF. route, LL. rupta, properly, a breaking, fr. L. ruptus, p. p. of rumpere to break. See Rupture, reave, and cf. Rote repetition of forms, Route. In some senses this word has been confused with rout a bellowing, an uproar.] [Formerly spelled also route.] 1. A troop; a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling company or throng. [Obs.] "A route of ratones [rats]." Piers Plowman. "A great solemn route." Chaucer.
And ever he rode the hinderest of the route.
Chaucer.
A rout of people there assembled were.
Spenser.
2. A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence, the rabble; the herd of common people.
the endless routs of wretched thralls.
Spenser.
The ringleader and head of all this rout.
Shak.
Nor do I name of men the common rout.
Milton.
3. The state of being disorganized and thrown into confusion; -- said especially of an army defeated, broken in pieces, and put to flight in disorder or panic; also, the act of defeating and breaking up an army; as, the rout of the enemy was complete.
thy army . . .
Dispersed in rout, betook them all to fly.
Daniel.
To these giad conquest, murderous rout to those.
pope.
4. (Law) A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled together with intent to do a thing which, if executed, would make them rioters, and actually making a motion toward the executing thereof. Wharton.
5. A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. "At routs and dances." Landor.
To put to rout, to defeat and throw into confusion; to overthrow and put to flight.
Rout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Routed; p. pr. & vb. n. Routing.] To break the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to rout.
That party . . . that charged the Scots, so totally routed and defeated their whole army, that they fied.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- To defeat; discomfit; overpower; overthrow.
Rout, v. i. To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to collect in company. [obs.] Bacon.
In all that land no Christian[s] durste route.
Chaucer.
Route (rt or rout; 277), n. [OE. & F. route, OF. rote, fr. L. rupta (sc. via), fr. ruptus, p. p. of rumpere to break; hence, literally, a broken or beaten way or path. See Rout, and cf. Rut a track.] The course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a passing; a course; a road or path; a march.
Wide through the furzy field their route they take.
Gay.
Rout"er (?), n. (Carp.) (a) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the inside edges of circular sashes. (b) A plane with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole, for smoothing the bottom of a cavity.
Routhe (?), n. Ruth; sorrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Rou"ti*na*ry (?), a. Involving, or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary. [R.] Emerson.
Rou*tine" (?), n. [F., fr. route a path, way, road. See Route, Roterepetition.] 1. A round of business, amusement, or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued; especially, a course of business or offical duties regularly or frequently returning.
2. Any regular course of action or procedure rigidly adhered to by the mere force of habit.
Rou*tin""ism (?), n. the practice of doing things with undiscriminating, mechanical regularity.
Rou*tin"ist, n. One who habituated to a routine.
Rout"ish (?), a. Uproarious; riotous. [Obs.]
Rout"ous*ly (?), adv. (Law) With that violation of law called a rout. See 5th Rout, 4.
||Roux (?), n. [F. beurre roux brown butter.] (Cookery) A thickening, made of flour, for soups and gravies.
<! p. 1256 !>
Rove (rv), v. t. [perhaps fr. or akin to reeve.] 1. To draw through an eye or aperture.
2. To draw out into flakes; to card, as wool. Jamieson.
3. To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers of wool or cotton, and twist slightly before spinning.
Rove (rv), n. 1. A copper washer upon which the end of a nail is clinched in boat building.
2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slighty twisted, preparatory to further process; a roving.
Rove, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Roving.] [Cf. D. rooven to rob; akin to E. reave. See Reave, Rob.] 1. To practice robbery on the seas; to wander about on the seas in piracy. [Obs.] Hakluyt.
2. Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go, move, or pass without certain direction in any manner, by sailing, walking, riding, flying, or otherwise.
For who has power to walk has power to rove.
Arbuthnot.
3. (Archery) To shoot at rovers; hence, to shoot at an angle of elevation, not at point-blank (rovers usually being beyond the point-blank range).
Fair Venus' son, that with thy cruel dart
At that good knight so cunningly didst rove.
Spenser.
Syn. -- To wander; roam; range; ramble stroll.
Rove, v. t. 1. To wander over or through.
Roving the field, I chanced
A goodly tree far distant to behold.
milton.
2. To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two furrows together.
Rove, n. The act of wandering; a ramble.
In thy nocturnal rove one moment halt.
Young.
Rove beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles of the family Staphylinidæ, having short elytra beneath which the wings are folded transversely. They are rapid runners, and seldom fly.
Rov"er (?), n. [D. roover a robber. See Rove, v. i.] 1. One who practices robbery on the seas; a pirate.
Yet Pompey the Great deserveth honor more justly for scouring the seas, and taking from the rovers 846 sail of ships.
Holland.
2. One who wanders about by sea or land; a wanderer; a rambler.
3. Hence, a fickle, inconstant person.
4. (Croquet) A ball which has passed through all the hoops and would go out if it hit the stake but is continued in play; also, the player of such a ball.
5. (Archery) (a) Casual marks at uncertain distances. Encyc. Brit.
(b) A sort of arrow. [Obs.]
All sorts, flights, rovers, and butt shafts.
B. Jonson.
At rovers, at casual marks; hence, at random; as, shooting at rovers. See def. 5 (a) above. Addison.
Bound down on every side with many bands because it shall not run at rovers.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Rov"ing, n. 1. The operatin of forming the rove, or slightly twisted sliver or roll of wool or cotton, by means of a machine for the purpose, called a roving frame, or roving machine.
2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slightly twisted; a rove. See 2d Rove, 2.
Roving frame, Roving machine, a machine for drawing and twisting roves and twisting roves and winding them on bobbin for the spinning machine.
Rov"ing, n. The act of one who roves or wanders.
Rov"ing*ly, adv. In a wandering manner.
Rov"ing*ness, n. The state of roving.
Row (?), a. & adv. [See Rough.] Rough; stern; angry. [Obs.] "Lock he never so row." Chaucer.
Row, n. [Abbrev. fr. rouse, n.] A noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a brawl. [Colloq.] Byron.
Row (?), n. [OE. rowe, rawe, rewe, AS. rw, r&?;w; probably akin to D. rij, G. reihe; cf. Skr. r&?;kh a line, stroke.] A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses or columns.
And there were windows in three rows.
1 Kings vii. 4.
The bright seraphim in burning row.
Milton.
Row culture (Agric.), the practice of cultivating crops in drills. -- Row of points (Geom.), the points on a line, infinite in number, as the points in which a pencil of rays is intersected by a line.
Row (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rowing.] [AS. r&?;wan; akin to D. roeijen, MHG. rüejen, Dan. roe, Sw. ro, Icel. r&?;a, L. remus oar, Gr. &?;, Skr. aritra. √8. Cf. Rudder.] 1. To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along the surface of water; as, to row a boat.
2. To transport in a boat propelled with oars; as, to row the captain ashore in his barge.
Row, v. i. 1. To use the oar; as, to row well.
2. To be moved by oars; as, the boat rows easily.
Row, n. The act of rowing; excursion in a rowboat.
Row"a*ble (?), a. That may be rowed, or rowed upon. "That long barren fen, once rowable." B. Jonson.
Row"an (?), n. Rowan tree.
Rowan barry, a barry of the rowan tree.
Row"an tree` (?). [Cf. Sw. rönn, Dan. rönne, Icel. reynir, and L. ornus.] (Bot.) A european tree (Pyrus aucuparia) related to the apple, but with pinnate leaves and flat corymbs of small white flowers followed by little bright red berries. Called also roan tree, and mountain ash. The name is also applied to two American trees of similar habit (Pyrus Americana, and P. sambucifolia).
Row"boat` (?), n. A boat designed to be propelled by oars instead of sails.
Row"dy (?), n.; pl. Rowdies (#). [From Rout, or Row a brawl.] One who engages in rows, or noisy quarrels; a ruffianly fellow. M. Arnold.
Row"dy*dow (?), n. Hubbub; uproar. [Vulgar]
Row"dy*dow`dy (?), a. Uproarious. [Vulgar]
Row"dy*ish, a. Resembling a rowdy in temper or conduct; characteristic of a rowdy.
Row"dy*ism (?), n. the conduct of a rowdy.
Rowed (?), a. Formed into a row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a twelve-rowed ear of corn.
Row"el (?), n. [OF. roele, rouele, properly, a little wheel, F. rouelle collop, slice, LL. rotella a little wheel, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See Roll, and cf. Rota.] 1. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points.
With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood.
Cowper.
2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits.
The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit.
Spenser.
3. (Far.) A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery.
Row"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roweled (?) or Rowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Roweling or Rowelling.] (Far.) To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a horse). Mortimer.
Row"el bone` (?). See rewel bone. [Obs.]
Row"en (?), n. [Cf. E. rough, OE. row, rowe.] [Called also rowet, rowett, rowings, roughings.] 1. A stubble field left unplowed till late in the autumn, that it may be cropped by cattle.
Turn your cows, that give milk, into your rowens till snow comes.
Mortimer.
2. The second growth of grass in a season; aftermath. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Row"er (?), n. One who rows with an oar.
Row"ett (?), n. See Rowen.
Row"lock (? colloq. &?;), n. [For oarlock; AS. rloc, where the second part is skin to G. loch a hole, E. lock a fastening. See Oar, and Lock.] (Naut.) A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the oar.
Rown (?), v. i. & t. see Roun. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Row"port (?), n. (Naut.) An opening in the side of small vessels of war, near the surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm weather.
Rox"burgh (?; Scot. &?;), n. [From the third duke of Roxburgh (Scotland), a noted book collector who had his books so bound.] A style of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather, the sides paper or cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front and bottom left uncut.
Roy (roi), n. [F. roi.] A king. [obs.]
Roy, a. Royal. [Obs.] Chapman.
Roy"al (?), a. [OE. roial, riall, real, OF. roial. reial, F. royal, fr. L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, king. See Rich, and cf. regal, real a coin, Rial.] 1. Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal domains; the royal family; royal state.
2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely.
How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio?
Shak.
3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal Society.
Battle royal. See under Battle. - - Royal bay (Bot.), the classic laurel (Laurus nobilis.) -- Royal eagle. (Zoöl.) See Golden eagle, under Golden. -- Royal fern (Bot.), the handsome fern Osmunda regalis. See Osmund. -- Royal mast (Naut.), the mast next above the topgallant mast and usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The royal yard and royal sail are attached to the royal mast. -- Royal metal, an old name for gold. -- Royal palm (Bot.), a magnificent West Indian palm tree (Oreodoxa regia), lately discovered also in Florida. -- Royal pheasant. See Curassow. -- Royal purple, an intense violet color, verging toward blue. -- Royal tern (Zoöl.), a large, crested American tern (Sterna maxima). -- Royal tiger. (Zoöl.) See Tiger. -- Royal touch, the touching of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with the view of restoring to health; -- formerly extensively practiced, particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil.
Syn. -- Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike; princely; august; majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble; magnanimous.
Roy"al, n. 1. Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper, n.
2. (Naut.) A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Totten.
3. (Zoöl.) One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag.
4. (Gun.) A small mortar.
5. (Mil.) One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe; -- now called the Royal Scots.
6. An old English coin. See Rial.
Roy"al*et (?), n. A petty or powerless king. [R.]
there were at this time two other royalets, as only kings by his leave.
Fuller.
Roy"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. royalisme.] the principles or conduct of royalists.
Roy"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. royaliste.] An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government.
Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed.
Waller.
Roy`al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of making loyal to a king. [R.] Saintsbury.
Roy"al*ize (?), v. t. to make royal. Shak.
Roy"al*ly (?), adv. In a royal or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.
His body shall be royally interred.
Dryden.
Roy"al*ty (?), n.; pl. Royalties (#). [OF. roialté, royaulté, F. royauté. See Royal, and cf. Regality.] 1. The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty.
Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty.
Holyday.
2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of royalty.
For thus his royalty doth speak.
Shak.
3. An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural, meaning regalia. [Obs.]
Wherefore do I assume
These royalties, and not refuse to reign?
Milton.
4. Kingliness; spirit of regal authority.
In his royalty of nature
Reigns that which would be fear'd.
Shak.
5. Domain; province; sphere. Sir W. Scott.
6. That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold and silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines, etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality.
7. A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest, etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to use the property.
8. Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the owner of an article by one who hires the use of it.
Royne (roin), v. t. [F. rogner, OF. rooignier, to clip, pare, scare, fr. L. rotundus round See Rotund.] To bite; to gnaw. [Written also roin.] [Obs.] Spenser.
Royn"ish, a. [F. rogneux, from rogne scab, mange, itch.] Mangy; scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. [Written also roinish.] [Obs.] "The roynish clown." Shak.
{ Roys"ter (?), Roys"ter*er (?) }, n. same as Roister, Roisterer.
Roys"ton crow` (?). [So called from Royston, a town in England.] (Zoöl.) See Hooded crow, under Hooded.
Roy"te*let (?), n. [F. roitelet, dim. of roi king.] A little king. [Archaic] Heylin. Bancroft.
Roy"tish (?), a. [Prob. for riotish, from riot, like Scot. roytous for riotous.] Wild; irregular. [Obs.]
Rub (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rubbing.] [Probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. rhwbiaw, gael. rub.] 1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper.
It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth.
Sir T. Elyot.
2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground.
3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body.
Two bones rubbed hard against one another.
Arbuthnot.
4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.
The smoothed plank, . . .
New rubbed with balm.
Milton.
5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often with up or over; as, to rub up silver.
The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation.
South.
6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.]
'T is the duke's pleasure,
Whose disposition, all the world well knows,
Will not be rubbed nor stopped.
Shak.
To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as, to down a horse. (b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub down the rough points. -- To rub off, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by friction; as, to rub off rust. -- To rub out, to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a stain. -- To rub up. (a) To burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.
Rub, v. i. 1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost.
2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.
3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world.
To rub along or on, to go on with difficulty; as, they manage, with strict economy, to rub along. [Colloq.]
Rub, n. [Cf. W. rhwb. See Rub, v,t,] 1. The act of rubbing; friction.
2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch.
Every rub is smoothed on our way.
Shak.
To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub.
Shak.
Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit to demur.
Hayward.
One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have been ordained for us by a wise Providence.
W. Besant.
3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness. Shak.
4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub.
5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
6. A chance. [Obs.]
Flight shall leave no Greek a rub.
Chapman.
7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; -- called also rubstone.
Rub iron, an iron guard on a wagon body, against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.
Rub"a-dub (?), n. The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter.
The rubadub of the abolition presses.
D. Webster.
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||Ru*ba"to (?), a. [It.] Robbed; borrowed.
||Temple rubato. [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; -- a term applied to a style of performance in which some tones are held longer than their legitimate time, while others are proportionally curtailed.
Rub"bage (?; 48), n. Rubbish. [Obs.]
Rub"ber (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rubs. Specifically: (a) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. (b) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file. (c) A whetstone; a rubstone. (d) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. (e) The cushion of an electrical machine. (f) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath. (g) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Thackeray.
2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players; as, to play the rubber; also, a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games; as, to play a rubber of whist. Beaconsfield. "A rubber of cribbage." Dickens.
3. India rubber; caoutchouc.
4. An overshoe made of India rubber. [Colloq.]
Antimony rubber, an elastic durable variety of vulcanized caoutchouc of a red color. It contains antimony sulphide as an important constituent. -- Hard rubber, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc. -- India rubber, caoutchouc. See Caoutchouc. -- Rubber cloth, cloth covered with caoutchouc for excluding water or moisture. -- Rubber dam (Dentistry), a shield of thin sheet rubber clasped around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.
Rub"bidge (?), n. Rubbish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Rub"bing, a. & n. from Rub, v.
Rub"bish (?), n. [OE. robows, robeux, rubble, originally an Old French plural from an assumed dim. of robe, probably in the sense of trash; cf. It. robaccia trash, roba stuff, goods, wares, robe. Thus, etymologically rubbish is the pl. of rubble. See Robe, and cf. Rubble.] Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash; especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings; ruins; débris.
What rubbish and what offal!
Shak.
he saw the town's one half in rubbish lie.
Dryden.
Rubbish pulley. See Gin block, under Gin.
Rub"bish (?), a. Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy. De Quincey.
Rub"ble (?), n. [From an assumed Old French dim. of robe See Rubbish.] 1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls.
Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar.
Jowett (Thucyd.).
2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; brash. Brande & C.
3. (Geol.) A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Lyell.
4. pl. The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Simmonds.
Coursed rubble, rubble masonry in which courses are formed by leveling off the work at certain heights.
Rub"ble*stone` (?), n. See Rubble, 1 and 2.
Rub"ble*work` (?), n. Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in size and shape.
Rub"bly (?), a. Relating to, or containing, rubble.
Ru*bed"i*nous (?), a. [L. rubedo redness, fr. rubere to be red.] Reddish. [R.] M. Stuart.
Ru`be*fa"cient (?), a. [L. rubefaciens, p. pr. of rubefacere to make red; rubere to be red + facere to make.] Making red. -- n. (Med.) An external application which produces redness of the skin.
Ru`be*fac"tion (?), n. The act or process of making red.
Ru"be*let (r"b*lt), n. A little ruby. Herrick.
||Ru*bel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.) An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; -- called also German measles.
Ru*belle" (?), n. [L. rubellus reddish.] A red color used in enameling. Weale.
Ru"bel*lite (?), n. [L. rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber red.] (Min.) A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium.
||Ru*be"o*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.) (a) the measles. (b) Rubella.
Ru`ber*y*thrin"ic (?), a. [L. ruber red + erythrin.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained.
Ru*bes"cence (?), n. The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush.
Ru*bes"cent (?), a. [L. rubescens, -entis, p. pr. of rubescere to grow red, v. incho from rubere to be red: cf. F. rubescent. See Ruby.] Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.
Ru`bi*a"ceous (?), a. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants (Rubiaceæ) named after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms.
Ru"bi*a*cin (?), n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem) A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.
Ru"bi*an (?), n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem.) One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root.
Ru`bi*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically, designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. [Obs.]
Ru" bi*ble (?), n. A ribble. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ru"bi*can (?), a. [F.] Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white or gray especially on the flanks; -- said of horses. Smart.
Ru"bi*celle (?), n. [Cf. F. rubacelle, rubicelle, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish.] (Min.) A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil.
Ru"bi*con (?), n. (Anc. geog.) A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Cæsar.
By leading an army across this river, contrary to the prohibition of the civil government at Rome, Cæsar precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take the decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise from which there is no retreat.
Ru"bi*cund (?), a. [L. rubicundus, fr. rubere to be red, akin to ruber red. See Red.] Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. "His rubicund face." Longfellow.
Ru`bi*cun"di*ty (?), n. [LL. rubicunditas.] The quality or state of being rubicund; ruddiness.
To parade your rubicundity and gray hairs.
Walpole.
Ru*bid"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium.
Ru"bi*dine (? or ?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H17N; also, any one of the group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type.
Ru*bid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. rubidus red, fr. rubere to be red. So called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by means of which it was discovered in the lepidolite from Rozena, Moravia. See Rubicund.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.
Ru*bif"ic (?), a. [L. ruber red + facere to make.] Making red; as, rubific rays. Grew.
Ru`bi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. rubification.] The act of making red. Howell.
Ru"bi*form (?), a. [L. ruber red + -form.] Having the nature or quality of red; as, the rubiform rays of the sun. [R.] Sir I. newton.
Ru"bi*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F. rubéfier. See Rubific.] To redden. [R.] "Waters rubifying." Chaucer.
{ Ru*big"i*nose` (?), Ru*big"i*nous (?) }, a. [L. rubiginosus, fr. rubigo, robigo, rust: cf. F. rubigineux.] (Bot.) Having the appearance or color of iron rust; rusty- looking.
||Ru*bi"go (?), n. [L. rubigo, robigo, rust of metals, rust, blight.] (bot.) same as Rust, n., 2.
Ru"bin (?), n. [Cf. LL. rubinus, It. rubino. See Ruby.] A ruby. [Obs.] Spenser.
Ru"bi*ous (?), a. [L. rubeus, fr. rubere to be red. See Rouge.] Red; ruddy. [Obs.] Shak.
Ru`bi*re"tin (?), n. [Rubian + Gr. &?; resin.] (Chem.) One of the red dye products extracted from madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.
Ru"ble (?), n. [Russ. ruble.] The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written also rouble.]
Ru"bric (?), n. [OE. rubriche, OF. rubriche, F. rubrique ( cf. it. rubrica), fr. L. rubrica red earth for coloring, red chalk, the title of a law (because written in red), fr. ruber red. See red.] That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence, specifically: (a) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. (b) (Law books) The title of a statute; -- so called as being anciently written in red letters. Bell. (c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in the plural.
All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the rubrics.
Hook.
(d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. Cowper.
Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions before Christianity.
De Quincey.
Ru"bric, v. t. To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] Johnson.
{ Ru"bric (?), Ru"bric*al (?) }, a. 1. Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics.
What though my name stood rubric on the walls
Or plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals?
Pope.
2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. "Rubrical eccentricities." C. Kingsley.
Ru"bri*cate (?), a. [L. rubricatus p. p. of rubricare to color red. See Rubric, n.] Marked with red. Sp&?;lmman.
Ru"bri*cate (?), v. t. To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric; to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. Foxe.
A system . . . according to which the thoughts of men were to be classed and rubricated forever after.
Hare.
{ Ru*bri"cian (?), Ru"bri*cist (?) }, n. One skilled in, or tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or rubrics.
Ru*bric"i*ty (?), n. Redness. [R.]
Rub"stone` (?), n. A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub.
||Ru"bus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of rosaceous plants, including the raspberry and blackberry.
Ru"by (?), n.; pl. Rubies (#). [F. rubis (cf. Pr. robi), LL. rubinus, robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin to ruber. See Rouge, red.] 1. (Min.) A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of corundum.
Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there are the balas ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of spinel, and the rock ruby, a red variety of garnet.
Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white.
Chaucer.
2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint.
The natural ruby of your cheeks.
Shak.
3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle.
4. (Print.) See Agate, n., 2. [Eng.]
5. (Zoöl.) Any species of South American humming birds of the genus Clytolæma. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast.
Ruby of arsenic, Ruby of sulphur (Chem.), a glassy substance of a red color and a variable composition, but always consisting chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; -- called also ruby sulphur. -- Ruby of zinc (Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or sphalerite. -- Ruby silver (Min.), red silver. See under Red.
Ru"by, a. Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips.
Ru"by, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rubying.] To make red; to redden. [R.] Pope.
Ru"by*tail` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A European gold wasp (Chrysis ignita) which has the under side of the abdomen bright red, and the other parts deep bluish green with a metallic luster. The larva is parasitic in the nests of other wasps and of bees.
Ru"by-tailed` (?), a. Having the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red.
Ru"by*throat` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of humming birds belonging to Trochilus, Calypte, Stellula, and allies, in which the male has on the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United States (Trochilus colubris).
Ru"by*wood` (?), n. red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.
Ru*cer"vine (?), a. [NL. Rucervus, the genus, fr. NL. Rusa a certain genus of deer (Malay r&?;sa deer) + Cervus.] (Zoöl.) Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rucervus, which includes the swamp deer of India.
Ruche (?), n. [F. ruche ruche, beehive, OF. rusche a beehive, which was formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W. rhisg, rhisgl, bark, gael. rusg bark, rind.] 1. A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, -- used in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women's dresses and bonnets. [Written also rouche.]
2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn.
Ruch"ing, n. A ruche, or ruches collectively.
Ruck (?), n. A roc. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Drayton.
Ruck, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rucking.] [Icel hrukkast to wrinkle, hrukka wrinkle, fold.] To draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to ruck up a carpet. Smart.
Ruck, n. [Icel. hrukka. Cf. Ruck, v. t.] A wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.
Ruck, v. i. [Cf. Dan. ruge to brood, to hatch.] To cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower. South.
The sheep that rouketh in the fold.
Chaucer.
Ruck, n. [Cf. Ruck.] 1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. & Scot.]
2. The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck in a horse race. [Colloq.]
The ruck in society as a whole.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
Ruc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. ructatio, fr. ructare to belch: cf. F. ructation.] The act of belching wind.
Ruc"tion (?), n. An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Rud (?), n. [AS. rudu, akin to reád red. √113. See Red, and cf. Ruddy.] 1. Redness; blush. [Obs.]
2. Ruddle; red ocher.
3. (Zoöl.) The rudd.
Rud, v. t. To make red. [Obs.] Spenser.
Rudd (?), n. [See Rud, n.] (Zoöl.) A fresh-water European fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body, and red irises. Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. A blue variety is called azurine, or blue roach.
Rud"der (?), n. A riddle or sieve. [Prov. Eng.]
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Rud"der (?), n. [OE. rother, AS. rðer a paddle; akin to D. roer rudder, oar, G. ruder, OHG. roadar, Sw. roder, ror, Dan. roer, ror. √ 8. See Row to propel with an oar, and cf. Rother. ] 1. (Naut.) The mechanical appliance by means of which a vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank, and is fastened in an upright position, usually by one edge, to the sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it can be turned from side to side in the water by means of a tiller, wheel, or other attachment.
2. Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide or governor; that which guides or governs the course.
For rhyme the rudder is of verses.
Hudibras.
Balance rudder (Naut.), a rudder pivoted near the middle instead of at the edge, -- common on sharpies. -- Drop rudder (Naut.), a rudder extending below the keel so as to be more effective in steering. -- Rudder chain (Naut.), one of the loose chains or ropes which fasten the rudder to the quarters to prevent its loss in case it gets unshipped, and for operating it in case the tiller or the wheel is broken. -- Rudder coat (Naut.), a covering of tarred canvas used to prevent water from entering the rudderhole. -- Rudder fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The pilot fish. (b) The amber fish (Seriola zonata), which is bluish having six broad black bands. (c) A plain greenish black American fish (Leirus perciformis); -- called also black rudder fish, logfish, and barrel fish. The name is also applied to other fishes which follow vessels. -- Rudder pendants (Naut.), ropes connected with the rudder chains.