En*dear" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endearing.] 1. To make dear or beloved. "To be endeared to a king." Shak.
2. To raise the price or cost of; to make costly or expensive. [R.] King James I. (1618).
En*dear"ed*ly (?), adv. With affection or endearment; dearly.
En*dear"ed*ness, n. State of being endeared.
En*dear"ing, a. Making dear or beloved; causing love. -- En*dear"ing*ly, adv.
En*dear"ment (?), n. The act of endearing or the state of being endeared; also, that which manifests, excites, or increases, affection. "The great endearments of prudent and temperate speech." Jer. Taylor.
Her first endearments twining round the soul.
Thomson.
En*deav"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeavored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endeavoring.] [OE. endevor; pref. en- + dever, devoir, duty, F. devoir: cf. F. se mettre en devoir de faire quelque chose to try to do a thing, to go about it. See Devoir, Debt.] [Written also endeavour.] To exert physical or intellectual strength for the attainment of; to use efforts to effect; to strive to achieve or reach; to try; to attempt.
It is our duty to endeavor the recovery of these beneficial subjects.
Ld. Chatham.
To endeavor one's self, to exert one's self strenuously to the fulfillment of a duty. [Obs.] "A just man that endeavoreth himself to leave all wickedness." Latimer.
En*deav"or, v. i. To exert one's self; to work for a certain end.
And such were praised who but endeavored well.
Pope.
Usually with an infinitive; as, to endeavor to outstrip an antagonist.
He had . . . endeavored earnestly to do his duty.
Prescott.
Syn. -- To attempt; try; strive; struggle; essay; aim; seek.
En*deav"or, n. [Written also endeavour.] An exertion of physical or intellectual strength toward the attainment of an object; a systematic or continuous attempt; an effort; a trial.
To employ all my endeavor to obey you.
Sir P. Sidney.
To do one's endeavor, to do one's duty; to put forth strenuous efforts to attain an object; -- a phrase derived from the Middle English phrase "to do one's dever" (duty). "Mr. Prynne proceeded to show he had done endeavor to prepare his answer." Fuller.
Syn. -- Essay; trial; effort; exertion. See Attempt.
En*deav"or*er (?), n. One who makes an effort or attempt. [Written also endeavourer.]
En*deav"or*ment (?), n. Act of endeavoring; endeavor. [Obs.] Spenser.
En*dec"a*gon (?), n. [See Hendecagon.] (Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and angles.
En`de*cag"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; eleven + &?; female.] (Bot.) Having eleven pistils; as, an endecagynous flower.
En"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. &?; eleven.] (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, C11H24, found as a constituent of petroleum. [Written also hendecane.]
En`de*caph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; eleven + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Composed of eleven leaflets; - - said of a leaf.
En*deic"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to point out, show; &?; in + &?; to show.] Serving to show or exhibit; as, an endeictic dialogue, in the Platonic philosophy, is one which exhibits a specimen of skill. Enfield.
||En*deix"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; indication. See Endeictic.] (Med.) An indication.
En*de"mi*al (?), a. Endemic. [R.]
{ En*de"mic (?), En*de"mic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; + &?; the people: cf. F. endémique.] (Med.) Peculiar to a district or particular locality, or class of persons; as, an endemic disease.
An endemic disease is one which is constantly present to a greater or less degree in any place, as distinguished from an epidemic disease, which prevails widely at some one time, or periodically, and from a sporadic disease, of which a few instances occur now and then.
En*dem"ic, n. (Med.) An endemic disease.
Fear, which is an endemic latent in every human heart, sometimes rises into an epidemic.
J. B. Heard.
En*dem"ic*al*ly, adv. In an endemic manner.
En*dem`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. The science which treats of endemic affections.
En*den`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of naturalizing. [R.]
En*den"ize (?), v. t. To endenizen. [Obs.]
En*den"i*zen (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + denizen. Cf. Indenizen.] To admit to the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
End"er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes an end of something; as, the ender of my life.
En`der*mat"ic (?), a. Endermic.
En*der"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?; in + &?; skin.] (Med.) Acting through the skin, or by direct application to the skin.
Endermic method, that in which the medicine enters the system through the skin, being applied either to the sound skin, or to the surface denuded of the cuticle by a blister.
En*der"mic*al*ly (?), adv. By the endermic method; as, applied endermically.
||En"de*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; in + &?; skin.] (Anat.) The deep sensitive and vascular layer of the skin and mucous membranes. -- En`de*ron"ic, a.
En*di"a*demed (?), a. Diademed. [R.]
En*di"a*per (?), v. t. [See Diaper.] To decorate with a diaper pattern.
En*dict" (?), v. t. See Indict.
En*dict"ment (?), n. See Indictment.
End"ing (?), n. 1. Termination; concluding part; result; conclusion; destruction; death.
2. (Gram.) The final syllable or letter of a word; the part joined to the stem. See 3d Case, 5.
Ending day, day of death. Chaucer.
En*dite (?), v. t. See Indite. Spenser.
En"dive (?), n. [F. endive (cf. Pr., Sp. Pg., & It. endivia), fr. a deriv. of L. intibus, intybus, endive.] (Bot.) A composite herb (Cichorium Endivia). Its finely divided and much curled leaves, when blanched, are used for salad.
Wild endive (Bot.), chicory or succory.
End"less (?), a. [AS. endeleás. See End.] 1. Without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual; interminable; -- applied to length, and to duration; as, an endless line; endless time; endless bliss; endless praise; endless clamor.
2. Infinite; excessive; unlimited. Shak.
3. Without profitable end; fruitless; unsatisfying. [R.] "All loves are endless." Beau. & Fl.
4. Void of design; objectless; as, an endless pursuit.
Endless chain, a chain which is made continuous by uniting its two ends. -- Endless screw. (Mech.) See under Screw.
Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; interminable; infinite; unlimited; incessant; perpetual; uninterrupted; continual; unceasing; unending; boundless; undying; imperishable.
End"less*ly, adv. In an endless manner.
End"less*ness, n. [AS. endeleásnys.] The quality of being endless; perpetuity.
End"long` (?; 115), adv. & prep. [Cf. Along.] Lengthwise; along. [Archaic]
The doors were all of adamants eterne,
I-clenched overthwart and endelong
With iron tough.
Chaucer.
He pricketh endelong the large space.
Chaucer.
To thrust the raft endlong across the moat.
Sir W. Scott.
End"most` (?), a. Farthest; remotest; at the very end. Tylor.
{ En"do- (?), End- (?) }. [Gr. 'e`ndon within, fr. &?; in. See In.] A combining form signifying within; as, endocarp, endogen, endocuneiform, endaspidean.
En"do*blast (?), n. [Endo- + -blast.] (Biol.) Entoblast; endoplast. See Nucleus,
En`do*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to the endoblast; as, the endoblastic layer.
{ En`do*car"di*ac (?), En`do*car"di*al (?), } a. 1. Pertaining to the endocardium.
2. (Med.) Seated or generated within the heart; as, endocardial murmurs.
||En`do*car*di"tis (?), n. [NL. See -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the endocardium.
||En`do*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + kardi`a heart.] (Anat.) The membrane lining the cavities of the heart.
En"do*carp (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; fruit: cf. F. endocarpe.] (Bot.) The inner layer of a ripened or fructified ovary.
En`do*chon"dral (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. &?; cartilage.] (Physiol.) Growing or developing within cartilage; -- applied esp. to developing bone.
En"do*chrome (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; color.] (Bot.) The coloring matter within the cells of plants, whether green, red, yellow, or any other color.
En*doc"trine (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + doctrine.] To teach; to indoctrinate. [Obs.] Donne.
En"do*cyst (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; bladder, a bag.] (Zoöl.) The inner layer of the cells of Bryozoa.
En"do*derm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; skin.] (Biol.) (a) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal. (b) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of Ectoderm.
{ En`do*der"mal (?), En`do*der"mic (?), } a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the endoderm.
||En`do*der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Endoderm.] (Bot.) A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the proper cortical layer, or surrounding an individual fibrovascular bundle.
En*dog"a*mous (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. &?; marriage.] Marrying within the same tribe; -- opposed to exogamous.
En*dog"a*my (?), n. Marriage only within the tribe; a custom restricting a man in his choice of a wife to the tribe to which he belongs; -- opposed to exogamy.
En"do*gen (?), n. [Endo- + - gen: cf. F. endogène.] (Bot.) A plant which increases in size by internal growth and elongation at the summit, having the wood in the form of bundles or threads, irregularly distributed throughout the whole diameter, not forming annual layers, and with no distinct pith. The leaves of the endogens have, usually, parallel veins, their flowers are mostly in three, or some multiple of three, parts, and their embryos have but a single cotyledon, with the first leaves alternate. The endogens constitute one of the great primary classes of plants, and included all palms, true lilies, grasses, rushes, orchids, the banana, pineapple, etc. See Exogen.
||En`do*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Endo- + genesis.] (Biol.) Endogeny.
En`do*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Endogenous.
En*dog"e*nous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Increasing by internal growth and elongation at the summit, instead of externally, and having no distinction of pith, wood, and bark, as the rattan, the palm, the cornstalk.
2. (Biol.) Originating from within; increasing by internal growth.
Endogenous multiplication (Biol.), a method of cell formation, seen in cells having a cell wall. The nucleus and protoplasm divide into two distinct masses; these in turn become divided and subdivided, each division becoming a new cell, until finally the original cell wall is ruptured and the new cells are liberated (see Segmentation, and Illust. of Cell Division, under Division). This mode of growth is characteristic of many forms of cells, both animal and vegetable.
En*dog"e*nous*ly, adv. By endogenous growth.
En*dog"e*ny (?), n. [See Endogenesis.] (Biol.) Growth from within; multiplication of cells by endogenous division, as in the development of one or more cells in the interior of a parent cell.
En"dog*nath (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. gna`qos the jaw.] (Zoöl.) The inner or principal branch of the oral appendages of Crustacea. See Maxilla.
En*dog"na*thal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the endognath.
En"do*lymph (?), n. [Endo- + lymph: cf. F. endolymphe.] (Anat.) The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear.
En"do*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. [Endo- + lymphangial.] (Anat.) Within a lymphatic vessel.
En"do*lym*phat"ic (?), a. [Endo- + lymphatic.] (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing, endolymph; as, the endolymphatic duct. (b) Within a lymphatic vessel; endolymphangial.
En*dome" (?), v. t. To cover as with a dome.
||En`do*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Endometrium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the endometrium.
||En`do*me"tri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + mh`tra the womb.] (Anat.) The membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus, or womb.
En"do*morph (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; form.] (Min.) A crystal of one species inclosed within one of another, as one of rutile inclosed in quartz.
||En`do*my"si*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + my^s a muscle.] (Anat.) The delicate bands of connective tissue interspersed among muscular fibers.
||En`do*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + &?; a sinew, nerve.] (Anat.) The delicate bands of connective tissue among nerve fibers.
En`do*par"a*site (?), n. [Endo- + parasite.] (Zoöl.) Any parasite which lives in the internal organs of an animal, as the tapeworms, Trichina, etc.; -- opposed to ectoparasite. See Entozoön. -- En`do*par`a*sit"ic (#), a.
<! p. 491 !>
||En`do*phlœ"um (n`d*fl"m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + floio`s bark.] (Bot.) The inner layer of the bark of trees.
||En`do*phrag"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon + fra`gma a fence.] (Zoöl.) A chitinous structure above the nervous cord in the thorax of certain Crustacea.
En`do*phrag"mal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the endophragma.
En*doph"yl*lous (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. fy`llon leaf.] (Bot.) Wrapped up within a leaf or sheath.
En"do*plasm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; anything formed or molded.] (Biol.) The protoplasm in the interior of a cell.
||En`do*plas"ma (?), n. [NL. See Endoplasm.] (Biol.) Same as Entoplasm and Endosarc.
En"do*plast (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; to form.] (Biol.) See Nucleus.
||En`do*plas"ti*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?; plastic.] (Zoöl.) A group of Rhizopoda having a distinct nucleus, as the amœba.
En`do*plas"tule (?; 135), n. [A dim. fr. endo- + Gr. &?; to mold.] (Biol.) See Nucleolus.
||En`do*pleu"ra, n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?; rib, side. See Pleura.] (Bot.) The inner coating of a seed. See Tegmen.
En`do*pleu"rite (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; a rib.] (Zoöl.) The portion of each apodeme developed from the interepimeral membrane in certain crustaceans.
En*dop"o*dite (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a foot.] (Zoöl.) The internal or principal branch of the locomotive appendages of Crustacea. See Maxilliped.
||En`do*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. Endorhizæ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?; root.] (Bot.) Any monocotyledonous plant; -- so named because many monocotyledons have an endorhizal embryo.
Endorhiza was proposed by Richard as a substitute for the term endogen, and exorhiza as a substitute for the term exogen; but they have not been generally adopted.
{ En`do*rhi"zal (?), En`do*rhi"zous (?), } a. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the embryo sheathed by the cotyledon, through which the embryo bursts in germination, as in many monocotyledonous plants.
En*dorse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endorsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endorsing.] [Formerly endosse, fr. F. endosser to put on the back, to endorse; pref. en- (L. in) + dos back, L. dorsum. See Dorsal, and cf. Indorse.] Same as Indorse.
Both endorse and indorse are used by good writers; but the tendency is to the more general use of indorse and its derivatives indorsee, indorser, and indorsement.
En*dorse", n. (Her.) A subordinary, resembling the pale, but of one fourth its width (according to some writers, one eighth).
En`dor*see" (?), n. Same as Indorsee.
En*dorse"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endossement.] Same as Indorsement.
En*dors"er (?), n. Same as Indorser.
En"do*sarc (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, flesh.] (Biol.) The semifluid, granular interior of certain unicellular organisms, as the inner layer of sarcode in the amœba; entoplasm; endoplasta.
En"do*scope (?), n. [Endo- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for examining the interior of the rectum, the urethra, and the bladder.
En*dos"co*py (?), n. (Med.) The art or process of examining by means of the endoscope.
En`do*skel"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the endoskeleton; as, endoskeletal muscles.
En`do*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Endo- + skeleton.] (Anat.) The bony, cartilaginous, or other internal framework of an animal, as distinguished from the exoskeleton.
En`dos*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Endosmose + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the force or amount of endosmotic action.
En*dos`mo*met"ric (?), a. Pertaining to, or designed for, the measurement of endosmotic action.
{ En"dos*mose` (?), En`dos*mo"sis (?), } n. [NL. endosmosis, fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + &?; a thrusting, impulsion, fr. &?; to push: cf. F. endosmose.] (Physics) The transmission of a fluid or gas from without inward in the phenomena, or by the process, of osmose.
En`dos*mos"mic (?), a. Endosmotic.
En`dos*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to endosmose; of the nature endosmose; osmotic. Carpenter.
En"do*sperm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; seed.] (Bot.) The albumen of a seed; -- limited by recent writers to that formed within the embryo sac.
En`do*sper"mic (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to, accompanied by, or containing, endosperm.
En"do*spore (?), n. [Endo- + spore.] (Bot.) The thin inner coat of certain spores.
En`do*spor"ous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the spores contained in a case; -- applied to fungi.
En*doss" (?; 115), v. t. [F. endosser. See Endorse.] To put upon the back or outside of anything; -- the older spelling of endorse. [Obs.] Spenser.
En*dos"te*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to endostosis; as, endosteal ossification.
En`do*ster"nite (?), n. [Endo- + sternum.] (Zoöl.) The part of each apodeme derived from the intersternal membrane in Crustacea and insects.
||En*dos"te*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; a bone.] (Anat.) The layer of vascular connective tissue lining the medullary cavities of bone.
||En*dos"to*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?;, &?;, the mouth.] (Zoöl.) A plate which supports the labrum in certain Crustacea.
En"do*stome (?), n. [See Endostoma.] 1. (Bot.) The foramen or passage through the inner integument of an ovule.
2. (Zoöl.) And endostoma.
En`dos*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Endo- , and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place within the substance of the cartilage.
En"do*style (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; a pillar.] (Zoöl.) A fold of the endoderm, which projects into the blood cavity of ascidians. See Tunicata.
||En`do*the"ca (?), n. [NL., from Gr. 'e`ndon within + qh`kh a case, box, fr. &?; to place.] (Zoöl.) The tissue which partially fills the interior of the interseptal chambers of most madreporarian corals. It usually consists of a series of oblique tranverse septa, one above another. -- En`do*the"cal (#), a.
||En`do*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL. See Endotheca.] (Bot.) The inner lining of an anther cell.
En`do*the"li*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of, or relating to, endothelium.
||En`do*the"li*um (?), n.; pl. Endothelia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + &?; nipple.] (Anat.) The thin epithelium lining the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities. See Epithelium.
En`do*the"loid (?), a. [Endothelium + -oid.] (Anat.) Like endothelium.
En`do*tho"rax (?), n. [Endo- + thorax.] (Zoöl.) An internal process of the sternal plates in the thorax of insects.
En*dow" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endowing.] [OF. endouer; pref. en- (L. in) + F. douer to endow, L. dotare. See Dower, and cf. 2d Endue.] 1. To furnish with money or its equivalent, as a permanent fund for support; to make pecuniary provision for; to settle an income upon; especially, to furnish with dower; as, to endow a wife; to endow a public institution.
Endowing hospitals and almshouses.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
2. To enrich or furnish with anything of the nature of a gift (as a quality or faculty); -- followed by with, rarely by of; as, man is endowed by his Maker with reason; to endow with privileges or benefits.
En*dow"er (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. endouairer. See Dower, Endow.] To endow. [Obs.] Waterhouse.
En*dow"er, n. One who endows.
En*dow"ment (?), n. 1. The act of bestowing a dower, fund, or permanent provision for support.
2. That which is bestowed or settled on a person or an institution; property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated to any object; as, the endowment of a church, a hospital, or a college.
3. That which is given or bestowed upon the person or mind; gift of nature; accomplishment; natural capacity; talents; -- usually in the plural.
His early endowments had fitted him for the work he was to do.
I. Taylor.
||En`do*zo"a (n`d*z"), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + zw^,on an animal.] (Zoöl.) See Entozoa.
En*drudge" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + drudge.] To make a drudge or slave of. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
En*due" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enduing.] [L. induere, prob. confused with E. endow. See Indue.] To invest. Latham.
Tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high.
Luke xxiv. 49.
Endue them . . . with heavenly gifts.
Book of Common Prayer.
En*due", v. t. An older spelling of Endow. Tillotson.
En*due"ment (?), n. Act of enduing; induement.
En*dur"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. endurable. See Endure.] Capable of being endured or borne; sufferable. Macaulay. -- En*dur"a*ble*ness, n.
En*dur"a*bly, adv. In an endurable manner.
En*dur"ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. endurance. See Endure.] 1. A state or quality of lasting or duration; lastingness; continuance.
Slurring with an evasive answer the question concerning the endurance of his own possession.
Sir W. Scott.
2. The act of bearing or suffering; a continuing under pain or distress without resistance, or without being overcome; sufferance; patience.
Their fortitude was most admirable in their patience and endurance of all evils, of pain and of death.
Sir W. Temple.
Syn. -- Suffering; patience; fortitude; resignation.
En*dur"ant (?), a. Capable of enduring fatigue, pain, hunger, etc.
The ibex is a remarkably endurant animal.
J. G. Wood.
En*dure" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Endured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enduring (?).] [F. endurer; pref. en- (L. in) + durer to last. See Dure, v. i., and cf. Indurate.] 1. To continue in the same state without perishing; to last; to remain.
Their verdure still endure.
Shak.
He shall hold it [his house] fast, but it shall not endure.
Job viii. 15.
2. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.
Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong in the days that I shall deal with thee?
Ezek. xxii. 14.
En*dure", v. t. 1. To remain firm under; to sustain; to undergo; to support without breaking or yielding; as, metals endure a certain degree of heat without melting; to endure wind and weather.
Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure,
As might the strokes of two such arms endure.
Dryden.
2. To bear with patience; to suffer without opposition or without sinking under the pressure or affliction; to bear up under; to put up with; to tolerate.
I will no longer endure it.
Shak.
Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sake.
2 Tim. ii. 10.
How can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people?
Esther viii. 6.
3. To harden; to toughen; to make hardy. [Obs.]
Manly limbs endured with little ease.
Spenser.
Syn. -- To last; remain; continue; abide; brook; submit to; suffer.
En*dure"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. endurement.] Endurance. [Obs.] South.
En*dur"er (?), n. One who, or that which, endures or lasts; one who bears, suffers, or sustains.
En*dur"ing, a. Lasting; durable; long-suffering; as, an enduring disposition. "A better and enduring substance." Heb. x. 34. -- En*dur"ing*ly, adv. T. Arnold. -- En*dur"ing*ness, n.
{ End"ways` (?), End"wise (?), } adv. 1. On end; erectly; in an upright position.
2. With the end forward.
||En"dy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a garment.] (Anat.) See Ependyma.
||En"dy*sis (?), n.; pl. Endyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a putting on, fr. &?; to put on.] (Biol.) The act of developing a new coat of hair, a new set of feathers, scales, etc.; -- opposed to ecdysis.
En"e*cate (?), v. t. [L. enecatus, p. p. of enecare; e out, utterly + necare to kill.] To kill off; to destroy. [Obs.] Harvey.
E*ne"id (?), n. Same as Æneid.
En"e*ma (?), n.; pl. L. Enemata (#). [L. enema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to send in; &?; in + &?; to send.] (Med.) An injection, or clyster, thrown into the rectum as a medicine, or to impart nourishment. Hoblyn.
En"e*my (?), n.; pl. Enemies (#). [OF. enemi, F. ennemi, from L. inimicus; in- (negative) + amicus friend. See Amicable.] One hostile to another; one who hates, and desires or attempts the injury of, another; a foe; an adversary; as, an enemy of or to a person; an enemy to truth, or to falsehood.
To all good he enemy was still.
Spenser.
I say unto you, Love your enemies.
Matt. v. 44.
The enemy (Mil.), the hostile force. In this sense it is construed with the verb and pronoun either in the singular or the plural, but more commonly in the singular; as, we have met the enemy and he is ours or they are ours.
It was difficult in such a country to track the enemy. It was impossible to drive him to bay.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Foe; antagonist; opponent. See Adversary.
En"e*my, a. Hostile; inimical. [Obs.]
They . . . every day grow more enemy to God.
Jer. Taylor.
En*ep`i*der"mic (?), a. [Pref. en- (Gr. &?;) + epidermic.] (Med.) Applied to the skin without friction; -- said of medicines.
{ En`er*get"ic (?), En`er*get"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to work, be active, fr. &?; active. See Energy.] 1. Having energy or energies; possessing a capacity for vigorous action or for exerting force; active. "A Being eternally energetic." Grew.
2. Exhibiting energy; operating with force, vigor, and effect; forcible; powerful; efficacious; as, energetic measures; energetic laws.
Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; efficacious; potent; vigorous; effective; strenuous.
-- En`er*get"ic*al*ly, adv. -- En`er*get"ic*al*ness, n.
En`er*get"ics (?), n. That branch of science which treats of the laws governing the physical or mechanical, in distinction from the vital, forces, and which comprehends the consideration and general investigation of the whole range of the forces concerned in physical phenomena. [R.]
{ En*er"gic (?), En*er"gic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. énergique.] 1. In a state of action; acting; operating.
2. Having energy or great power; energetic.
The energic faculty that we call will.
Blackw. Mag.
En"er*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Energized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Energizing (?).] [From Energy.] To use strength in action; to act or operate with force or vigor; to act in producing an effect.
Of all men it is true that they feel and energize first, they reflect and judge afterwards.
J. C. Shairp.
En"er*gize, v. t. To give strength or force to; to make active; to alacrify; as, to energize the will.
En"er*gi`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, gives energy, or acts in producing an effect.
En"er*gi`zing (?), a. Capable of imparting or exercising energy.
Those nobler exercises of energizing love.
Bp. Horsley.
En`er*gu"men (?), n. [L. energumenos, fr. Gr. &?; possessed by an evil spirit, from &?;: cf. F. énergumène. See Energetic.] (Eccl. Antiq.) One possessed by an evil spirit; a demoniac.
En"er*gy (?), n.; pl. Energies (#). [F. énergie, LL. energia, fr. Gr.&?;, fr. &?; active; &?; in + &?; work. See In, and Work.] 1. Internal or inherent power; capacity of acting, operating, or producing an effect, whether exerted or not; as, men possessing energies may suffer them to lie inactive.
The great energies of nature are known to us only by their effects.
Paley.
2. Power efficiently and forcibly exerted; vigorous or effectual operation; as, the energy of a magistrate.
3. Strength of expression; force of utterance; power to impress the mind and arouse the feelings; life; spirit; -- said of speech, language, words, style; as, a style full of energy.
4. (Physics) Capacity for performing work.
The kinetic energy of a body is the energy it has in virtue of being in motion. It is measured by one half of the product of the mass of each element of the body multiplied by the square of the velocity of the element, relative to some given body or point. The available kinetic energy of a material system unconnected with any other system is that energy which is due to the motions of the parts of the system relative to its center of mass. The potential energy of a body or system is that energy which is not kinetic; -- energy due to configuration. Kinetic energy is sometimes called actual energy. Kinetic energy is exemplified in the vis viva of moving bodies, in heat, electric currents, etc.; potential energy, in a bent spring, or a body suspended a given distance above the earth and acted on by gravity.
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Accumulation, Conservation, Correlation, ∧ Degradation of energy, etc. (Physics) See under Accumulation, Conservation, Correlation, etc.
Syn. -- Force; power; potency; vigor; strength; spirit; efficiency; resolution.
E*ner"vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enervated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enervating.] [L. enervatus, p. p. of enervare, fr. enervis nerveless, weak; e out + nervus nerve. See Nerve.] To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or courage; to render feeble or impotent; to make effeminate; to impair the moral powers of.
A man . . . enervated by licentiousness.
Macaulay.
And rhyme began t' enervate poetry.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To weaken; enfeeble; unnerve; debilitate.
E*ner"vate (?), a. [L. enervatus, p. p.] Weakened; weak; without strength of force. Pope.
En`er*va"tion (?), n. [L. enervatio: cf. F. énervation.] 1. The act of weakening, or reducing strength.
2. The state of being weakened; effeminacy. Bacon.
E*ner"va*tive (?), a. Having power, or a tendency, to enervate; weakening. [R.]
E*nerve" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. énerver. See Enervate.] To weaken; to enervate. [Obs.] Milton.
E*nerv"ous (?), a. [L. enervis, enervus.] Lacking nerve or force; enervated. [R.]
En*fam"ish (?), v. t. To famish; to starve.
En*fect" (?), a. [See Infect, a.] Contaminated with illegality. [Obs.] Chaucer.
En*fee"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfeebled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfeebling (?).] [OF. enfeblir, enfeiblir; pref. en- (L. in) + feble, F. faible, feeble. See Feeble.] To make feeble; to deprive of strength; to reduce the strength or force of; to weaken; to debilitate.
Enfeebled by scanty subsistence and excessive toil.
Prescott.
Syn. -- To weaken; debilitate; enervate.
En*fee"ble*ment (?), n. The act of weakening; enervation; weakness.
En*fee"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, weakens or makes feeble.
En*fee"blish, v. i. To enfeeble. [Obs.] Holland.
En*fel"oned (?), a. [Pref. en- + felon: cf. OF. enfelonner.] Rendered fierce or frantic. [Obs.] "Like one enfeloned or distraught." Spenser.
En*feoff" (?; see Feoff, 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfeoffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfeoffing.] [Pref. en- + feoff, fief: cf. LL. infeofare, OF. enfeffer, enfeofer.] 1. (Law) To give a feud, or right in land, to; to invest with a fief or fee; to invest (any one) with a freehold estate by the process of feoffment. Mozley & W.
2. To give in vassalage; to make subservient. [Obs.]
[The king] enfeoffed himself to popularity.
Shak.
En*feoff"ment (?), n. (Law) (a) The act of enfeoffing. (b) The instrument or deed by which one is invested with the fee of an estate.
En*fes"ter (?), v. t. To fester. [Obs.] "Enfestered sores." Davies (Holy Roode).
En*fet"ter (?), v. t. To bind in fetters; to enchain. "Enfettered to her love." Shak.
En*fe"ver (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + fever: cf. F. enfiévrer.] To excite fever in. [R.] A. Seward.
En*fierce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfiercing (?).] To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser.
En`fi*lade" (?; 277), n. [F., fr. enfiler to thread, go trough a street or square, rake with shot; pref. en- (L. in) + fil thread. See File a row.] 1. A line or straight passage, or the position of that which lies in a straight line. [R.]
2. (Mil.) A firing in the direction of the length of a trench, or a line of parapet or troops, etc.; a raking fire.
En`fi*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfiladed; p. pr. & vb. n. Enfilading.] (Mil.) To pierce, scour, or rake with shot in the direction of the length of, as a work, or a line of troops. Campbell.
En*filed" (?), p. a. [F. enfiler to pierce, thread.] (Her.) Having some object, as the head of a man or beast, impaled upon it; as, a sword which is said to be "enfiled of" the thing which it pierces.
En*fire" (?), v. t. To set on fire. [Obs.] Spenser.
En*flesh" (?), v. t. To clothe with flesh. [Obs.]
Vices which are . . . enfleshed in him.
Florio.
En*flow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enflowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enflowering.] To cover or deck with flowers. [Poetic]
These odorous and enflowered fields.
B. Jonson.
En*fold" (?), v. t. To infold. See Infold.
En*fold"ment (?), n. The act of infolding. See Infoldment.
En*force" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enforced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enforcing (?).] [OF. enforcier to strengthen, force, F. enforcir; pref. en- (L. in) + F. force. See Force.] 1. To put force upon; to force; to constrain; to compel; as, to enforce obedience to commands.
Inward joy enforced my heart to smile.
Shak.
2. To make or gain by force; to obtain by force; as, to enforce a passage. "Enforcing furious way." Spenser.
3. To put in motion or action by violence; to drive.
As swift as stones
Enforced from the old Assyrian slings.
Shak.
4. To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge with energy; as, to enforce arguments or requests.
Enforcing sentiment of the thrust humanity.
Burke.
5. To put in force; to cause to take effect; to give effect to; to execute with vigor; as, to enforce the laws.
6. To urge; to ply hard; to lay much stress upon.
Enforce him with his envy to the people.
Shak.
En*force (?), v. i. 1. To attempt by force. [Obs.]
2. To prove; to evince. [R.] Hooker.
3. To strengthen; to grow strong. [Obs.] Chaucer.
En*force", n. Force; strength; power. [Obs.]
A petty enterprise of small enforce.
Milton.
En*force"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enforced.
En*forced" (?), a. Compelled; forced; not voluntary. "Enforced wrong." "Enforced smiles." Shak. -- En*for"ced*ly, adv. Shak.
En*force"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. enforcement.] 1. The act of enforcing; compulsion.
He that contendeth against these enforcements may easily master or resist them.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Confess 't was hers, and by what rough enforcement
You got it from her.
Shak.
2. A giving force to; a putting in execution.
Enforcement of strict military discipline.
Palfrey.
3. That which enforces, constraints, gives force, authority, or effect to; constraint; force applied.
The rewards and punishment of another life, which the Almighty has established as the enforcements of his law.
Locke.
En*for"cer (?), n. One who enforces.
En*for"ci*ble (?), a. That may be enforced.
En*for"cive (?), a. Serving to enforce or constrain; compulsive. Marsion. -- En*for"cive*ly, adv.
En*for"est (?), v. t. To turn into a forest.
En*form" (?), v. t. [F. enformer. See Inform.] To form; to fashion. [Obs.] Spenser.
En*foul"dred (?), a. [Pref. en- + OF. fouldre, foldre, lightning, F. foudre, L. fulgur.] Mixed with, or emitting, lightning. [Obs.] "With foul enfouldred smoke." Spenser.
En*frame" (?), v. t. To inclose, as in a frame.
En*fran"chise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfranchised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfranchising (?).] [Pref. en- + franchise: cf. F. enfranchir.] 1. To set free; to liberate from slavery, prison, or any binding power. Bacon.
2. To endow with a franchise; to incorporate into a body politic and thus to invest with civil and political privileges; to admit to the privileges of a freeman.
3. To receive as denizens; to naturalize; as, to enfranchise foreign words. I. Watts.
En*fran"chise*ment (?), n. 1. Releasing from slavery or custody. Shak.
2. Admission to the freedom of a corporation or body politic; investiture with the privileges of free citizens.
Enfranchisement of copyhold (Eng. Law), the conversion of a copyhold estate into a freehold. Mozley & W.
En*fran"chis*er (?), n. One who enfranchises.
En*free" (?), v. t. To set free. [Obs.] "The enfreed Antenor." Shak.
En*free"dom (?), v. t. To set free. [Obs.] Shak.
En*freeze" (?), v. t. To freeze; to congeal. [Obs.]
Thou hast enfrozened her disdainful breast.
Spenser.
En*fro"ward (?), v. t. To make froward, perverse, or ungovernable. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.
En*gage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engaging (?).] [F. engager; pref. en- (L. in) + gage pledge, pawn. See Gage.] 1. To put under pledge; to pledge; to place under obligations to do or forbear doing something, as by a pledge, oath, or promise; to bind by contract or promise. "I to thee engaged a prince's word." Shak.
2. To gain for service; to bring in as associate or aid; to enlist; as, to engage friends to aid in a cause; to engage men for service.
3. To gain over; to win and attach; to attract and hold; to draw.
Good nature engages everybody to him.
Addison.
4. To employ the attention and efforts of; to occupy; to engross; to draw on.
Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage.
Pope.
Taking upon himself the difficult task of engaging him in conversation.
Hawthorne.
5. To enter into contest with; to encounter; to bring to conflict.
A favorable opportunity of engaging the enemy.
Ludlow.
6. (Mach.) To come into gear with; as, the teeth of one cogwheel engage those of another, or one part of a clutch engages the other part.
En*gage", v. i. 1. To promise or pledge one's self; to enter into an obligation; to become bound; to warrant.
How proper the remedy for the malady, I engage not.
Fuller.
2. To embark in a business; to take a part; to employ or involve one's self; to devote attention and effort; to enlist; as, to engage in controversy.
3. To enter into conflict; to join battle; as, the armies engaged in a general battle.
4. (Mach.) To be in gear, as two cogwheels working together.
En*gaged" (?), a. 1. Occupied; employed; busy.
2. Pledged; promised; especially, having the affections pledged; promised in marriage; affianced; betrothed.
3. Greatly interested; of awakened zeal; earnest.
4. Involved; esp., involved in a hostile encounter; as, the engaged ships continued the fight.
Engaged column. (Arch.) Same as Attached column. See under Attach, v. t.
En*ga"ged*ly (?), adv. With attachment; with interest; earnestly.
En*ga"ged*ness, n. The state of being deeply interested; earnestness; zeal.
En*gage"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. engagement.] 1. The act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or entering into contest.
2. The state of being engaged, pledged or occupied; specif., a pledge to take some one as husband or wife.
3. That which engages; engrossing occupation; employment of the attention; obligation by pledge, promise, or contract; an enterprise embarked in; as, his engagements prevented his acceptance of any office.
Religion, which is the chief engagement of our league.
Milton.
4. (Mil.) An action; a fight; a battle.
In hot engagement with the Moors.
Dryden.
5. (Mach.) The state of being in gear; as, one part of a clutch is brought into engagement with the other part.
Syn. -- Vocation; business; employment; occupation; promise; stipulation; betrothal; word; battle; combat; fight; contest; conflict. See Battle.
En*ga"ger (?), n. One who enters into an engagement or agreement; a surety.
Several sufficient citizens were engagers.
Wood.
En*ga"ging (?), a. Tending to draw the attention or affections; attractive; as, engaging manners or address. -- En*ga"ging*ly, adv. - - En*ga"ging*ness, n.
Engaging and disengaging gear or machinery, that in which, or by means of which, one part is alternately brought into gear or out of gear with another part, as occasion may require.
En*gal"lant (?), v. t. To make a gallant of. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
En*gaol" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + gaol: cf. OF. engaoler, engeoler. See Gaol, and cf. Enjail.] To put in jail; to imprison. [Obs.] Shak.
En*gar"boil (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + garboil.] To throw into disorder; to disturb. [Obs.] "To engarboil the church." Bp. Montagu.
En*gar"land (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + garland: cf. F. enguirlander.] To encircle with a garland, or with garlands. Sir P. Sidney.
En*gar"ri*son (?), v. t. To garrison; to put in garrison, or to protect by a garrison. Bp. Hall.
En*gas"tri*muth (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; in + &?; belly + &?; to speak: cf. F. engastrimythe.] An ventriloquist. [Obs.]
En*gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engendering.] [F. engender, L. ingenerare; in + generare to beget. See Generate, and cf. Ingenerate.] 1. To produce by the union of the sexes; to beget. [R.]
2. To cause to exist; to bring forth; to produce; to sow the seeds of; as, angry words engender strife.
Engendering friendship in all parts of the common wealth.
Southey.
Syn. -- To breed; generate; procreate; propagate; occasion; call forth; cause; excite; develop.
En*gen"der, v. i. 1. To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced.
Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there.
Dryden.
2. To come together; to meet, as in sexual embrace. "I saw their mouths engender." Massinger.
En*gen"der (?), n. One who, or that which, engenders.
En`gen*drure" (?), n. [OF. engendreure.] The act of generation. [Obs.] Chaucer.
En*gild" (?), v. t. To gild; to make splendent.
Fair Helena, who most engilds the night.
Shak.
En"gine (?), n. [F. engin skill, machine, engine, L. ingenium natural capacity, invention; in in + the root of gignere to produce. See Genius, and cf. Ingenious, Gin a snare.] 1. (Pronounced, in this sense, &?;&?;&?;&?;.) Natural capacity; ability; skill. [Obs.]
A man hath sapiences three,
Memory, engine, and intellect also.
Chaucer.
2. Anything used to effect a purpose; any device or contrivance; an agent. Shak.
You see the ways the fisherman doth take
To catch the fish; what engines doth he make?
Bunyan.
Their promises, enticements, oaths, tokens, and all these engines of lust.
Shak.
3. Any instrument by which any effect is produced; especially, an instrument or machine of war or torture. "Terrible engines of death." Sir W. Raleigh.
4. (Mach.) A compound machine by which any physical power is applied to produce a given physical effect.
Engine driver, one who manages an engine; specifically, the engineer of a locomotive. -- Engine lathe. (Mach.) See under Lathe. -- Engine tool, a machine tool. J. Whitworth. -- Engine turning (Fine Arts), a method of ornamentation by means of a rose engine.
The term engine is more commonly applied to massive machines, or to those giving power, or which produce some difficult result. Engines, as motors, are distinguished according to the source of power, as steam engine, air engine, electro- magnetic engine; or the purpose on account of which the power is applied, as fire engine, pumping engine, locomotive engine; or some peculiarity of construction or operation, as single-acting or double-acting engine, high- pressure or low-pressure engine, condensing engine, etc.
En"gine, v. t. 1. To assault with an engine. [Obs.]
To engine and batter our walls.
T. Adams.
2. To equip with an engine; -- said especially of steam vessels; as, vessels are often built by one firm and engined by another.
3. (Pronounced, in this sense, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.) To rack; to torture. [Obs.] Chaucer.
En`gi*neer" (?), n. [OE. enginer: cf. OF. engignier, F. ingénieur. See Engine, n.] 1. A person skilled in the principles and practice of any branch of engineering. See under Engineering, n.
2. One who manages as engine, particularly a steam engine; an engine driver.
3. One who carries through an enterprise by skillful or artful contrivance; an efficient manager. [Colloq.]
Civil engineer, a person skilled in the science of civil engineering. -- Military engineer, one who executes engineering works of a military nature. See under Engineering.
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En`gi*neer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engineered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engineering.] 1. To lay out or construct, as an engineer; to perform the work of an engineer on; as, to engineer a road. J. Hamilton.
2. To use contrivance and effort for; to guide the course of; to manage; as, to engineer a bill through Congress. [Colloq.]
En`gi*neer"ing, n. Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and machines; the occupation and work of an engineer.
In a comprehensive sense, engineering includes architecture as a mechanical art, in distinction from architecture as a fine art. It was formerly divided into military engineering, which is the art of designing and constructing offensive and defensive works, and civil engineering, in a broad sense, as relating to other kinds of public works, machinery, etc. -- Civil engineering, in modern usage, is strictly the art of planning, laying out, and constructing fixed public works, such as railroads, highways, canals, aqueducts, water works, bridges, lighthouses, docks, embankments, breakwaters, dams, tunnels, etc. -- Mechanical engineering relates to machinery, such as steam engines, machine tools, mill work, etc. -- Mining engineering deals with the excavation and working of mines, and the extraction of metals from their ores, etc. Engineering is further divided into steam engineering, gas engineering, agricultural engineering, topographical engineering, electrical engineering, etc.
En"gine*man (?), n.; pl. Enginemen (&?;). A man who manages, or waits on, an engine.