Dep"re*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. deprecatorius.] Serving to deprecate; tending to remove or avert evil by prayer; apologetic.
Humble and deprecatory letters.
Bacon.
De*pre"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depreciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depreciating (?).] [L. depretiatus, depreciatus, p. p. of depretiare, -ciare, to depreciate; de- + pretiare to prize, fr. pretium price. See Price.] To lessen in price or estimated value; to lower the worth of; to represent as of little value or claim to esteem; to undervalue. Addison.
Which . . . some over-severe philosophers may look upon fastidiously, or undervalue and depreciate.
Cudworth.
To prove that the Americans ought not to be free, we are obliged to depreciate the value of freedom itself.
Burke.
Syn. -- To decry; disparage; traduce; lower; detract; underrate. See Decry.
De*pre"ci*ate, v. i. To fall in value; to become of less worth; to sink in estimation; as, a paper currency will depreciate, unless it is convertible into specie.
De*pre`ci*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépréciation.] 1. The act of lessening, or seeking to lessen, price, value, or reputation.
2. The falling of value; reduction of worth. Burke.
3. the state of being depreciated.
De*pre"ci*a`tive (?), a. Tending, or intended, to depreciate; expressing depreciation; undervaluing. -- De*pre"ci*a`tive*ly, adv.
De*pre"ci*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who depreciates.
De*pre"ci*a*to*ry (?), a. Tending to depreciate; undervaluing; depreciative.
Dep"re*da*ble (?), a. Liable to depredation. [Obs.] "Made less depredable." Bacon.
Dep"re*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depredated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depredating (?).] [L. depraedatus, p. p. of depraedari to plunder; de- + praedari to plunder, praeda plunder, prey. See Prey.] To subject to plunder and pillage; to despoil; to lay waste; to prey upon.
It makes the substance of the body . . . less apt to be consumed and depredated by the spirits.
Bacon.
Dep"re*date, v. i. To take plunder or prey; to commit waste; as, the troops depredated on the country.
Dep`re*da"tion (?), n. [L. depraedatio: cf. F. déprédation.] The act of depredating, or the state of being depredated; the act of despoiling or making inroads; as, the sea often makes depredation on the land.
Dep"re*da`tor (?), n. [L. depraedator.] One who plunders or pillages; a spoiler; a robber.
Dep"re*da`to*ry (?), a. Tending or designed to depredate; characterized by depredation; plundering; as, a depredatory incursion.
De*pred"i*cate (?), v. t. [Pref. de- (intensive) + predicate.] To proclaim; to celebrate. [R.]
Dep`re*hend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deprehended; p. pr. & vb. n. Deprehending.] [L. deprehendere, deprehensum; de- + prehendere to lay hold of, seize. See Prehensile.] 1. To take unawares or by surprise; to seize, as a person commiting an unlawful act; to catch; to apprehend.
The deprehended adulteress.Jer.
Taylor.
2. To detect; to discover; to find out.
The motion . . . are to be deprehended by experience.
Bacon.
Dep`re*hen"si*ble (?), a. That may be caught or discovered; apprehensible. [Obs.] Petty.
-- Dep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]
Dep`re*hen"sion (?), n. [L. deprehensio.] A catching; discovery. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
De*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depressing.] [L. depressus, p. p. of deprimere; de- + premere to press. See Press.] 1. To press down; to cause to sink; to let fall; to lower; as, to depress the muzzle of a gun; to depress the eyes. "With lips depressed." Tennyson.
2. To bring down or humble; to abase, as pride.
3. To cast a gloom upon; to sadden; as, his spirits were depressed.
4. To lessen the activity of; to make dull; embarrass, as trade, commerce, etc.
5. To lessen in price; to cause to decline in value; to cheapen; to depreciate.
6. (Math.) To reduce (an equation) in a lower degree.
To depress the pole (Naut.), to cause the sidereal pole to appear lower or nearer the horizon, as by sailing toward the equator.
Syn. -- To sink; lower; abase; cast down; deject; humble; degrade; dispirit; discourage.
De*press", a. [L. depressus, p. p.] Having the middle lower than the border; concave. [Obs.]
If the seal be depress or hollow.
Hammond.
De*press"ant (?), n. (Med.) An agent or remedy which lowers the vital powers.
De*pressed" (?), a. 1. Pressed or forced down; lowed; sunk; dejected; dispirited; sad; humbled.
2. (Bot.) (a) Concave on the upper side; -- said of a leaf whose disk is lower than the border. (b) Lying flat; -- said of a stem or leaf which lies close to the ground.
3. (Zoöl.) Having the vertical diameter shorter than the horizontal or transverse; -- said of the bodies of animals, or of parts of the bodies.
De*press"ing*ly, adv. In a depressing manner.
De*pres"sion (?), n. [L. depressio: cf. F. dépression.] 1. The act of depressing.
2. The state of being depressed; a sinking.
3. A falling in of the surface; a sinking below its true place; a cavity or hollow; as, roughness consists in little protuberances and depressions.
4. Humiliation; abasement, as of pride.
5. Dejection; despondency; lowness.
In a great depression of spirit.
Baker.
6. Diminution, as of trade, etc.; inactivity; dullness.
7. (Astron.) The angular distance of a celestial object below the horizon.
8. (Math.) The operation of reducing to a lower degree; -- said of equations.
9. (Surg.) A method of operating for cataract; couching. See Couch, v. t., 8.
Angle of depression (Geod.), one which a descending line makes with a horizontal plane. -- Depression of the dewpoint (Meteor.), the number of degrees that the dew-point is lower than the actual temperature of the atmosphere. -- Depression of the pole, its apparent sinking, as the spectator goes toward the equator. -- Depression of the visible horizon. (Astron.) Same as Dip of the horizon, under Dip.
Syn. -- Abasement; reduction; sinking; fall; humiliation; dejection; melancholy.
De*press"ive (?), a. Able or tending to depress or cast down. -- De*press"ive*ness, n.
De*pres`so*mo"tor (?), a. (Med.) Depressing or diminishing the capacity for movement, as depressomotor nerves, which lower or inhibit muscular activity. -- n. Any agent that depresses the activity of the motor centers, as bromides, etc.
De*press"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, presses down; an oppressor.
2. (Anat.) A muscle that depresses or tends to draw down a part.
Depressor nerve (Physiol.), a nerve which lowers the activity of an organ; as, the depressor nerve of the heart.
Dep"ri*ment (?), a. [L. deprimens, p. pr. of deprimere. See Depress.] Serving to depress. [R.] "Depriment muscles." Derham.
De*pri"sure (?), n. [F. dépriser to undervalue; pref. dé- (L. dis-) + priser to prize, fr. prix price, fr. L. pretium. See Dispraise.] Low estimation; disesteem; contempt. [Obs.]
De*priv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, deprived; liable to be deposed.
Kings of Spain . . . deprivable for their tyrannies.
Prynne.
Dep`ri*va"tion (?), n. [LL. deprivatio.] 1. The act of depriving, dispossessing, or bereaving; the act of deposing or divesting of some dignity.
2. The state of being deprived; privation; loss; want; bereavement.
3. (Eccl. Law) the taking away from a clergyman his benefice, or other spiritual promotion or dignity.
Deprivation may be a beneficio or ab officio; the first takes away the living, the last degrades and deposes from the order.
De*prive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deprived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depriving.] [LL. deprivare, deprivatium, to divest of office; L. de- + privare to bereave, deprive: cf. OF. depriver. See Private.] 1. To take away; to put an end; to destroy. [Obs.]
'Tis honor to deprive dishonored life.
Shak.
2. To dispossess; to bereave; to divest; to hinder from possessing; to debar; to shut out from; -- with a remoter object, usually preceded by of.
God hath deprived her of wisdom.
Job xxxix. 17.
It was seldom that anger deprived him of power over himself.
Macaulay.
3. To divest of office; to depose; to dispossess of dignity, especially ecclesiastical.
A minister deprived for inconformity.
Bacon.
Syn. -- To strip; despoil; rob; abridge.
De*prive"ment (?), n. Deprivation. [R.]
De*priv"er (?), n. One who, or that which, deprives.
De*pros"trate (?), a. Fully prostrate; humble; low; rude. [Obs.]
How may weak mortal ever hope to file
His unsmooth tongue, and his deprostrate style.
G. Fletcher.
De`pro*vin"cial*ize (?), v. t. To divest of provincial quality or characteristics.
Depth (spth), n. [From Deep; akin to D. diepte, Icel. dpt, dpð, Goth. diupiþa.] 1. The quality of being deep; deepness; perpendicular measurement downward from the surface, or horizontal measurement backward from the front; as, the depth of a river; the depth of a body of troops.
2. Profoundness; extent or degree of intensity; abundance; completeness; as, depth of knowledge, or color.
Mindful of that heavenly love
Which knows no end in depth or height.
Keble.
3. Lowness; as, depth of sound.
4. That which is deep; a deep, or the deepest, part or place; the deep; the middle part; as, the depth of night, or of winter.
From you unclouded depth above.
Keble.
The depth closed me round about.
Jonah ii. 5.
5. (Logic) The number of simple elements which an abstract conception or notion includes; the comprehension or content.
6. (Horology) A pair of toothed wheels which work together. [R.]
<! p. 395 !>
Depth of a sail (Naut.), the extent of a square sail from the head rope to the foot rope; the length of the after leach of a staysail or boom sail; -- commonly called the drop of a sail.
Depth"en (?), v. t. To deepen. [Obs.]
Depth"less, a. 1. Having no depth; shallow.
2. Of measureless depth; unfathomable.
In clouds of depthless night.
Francis.
De*pu"ce*late (?), v. t. [L. de + LL. pucella virgin, F. pucelle: cf. F. dépuceler.] To deflour; to deprive of virginity. [Obs.] Bailey.
De*pu"di*cate (?), v. t. [L. depudicatus, p. p. of depudicare.] To deflour; to dishonor. [Obs.]
De*pulse" (?), v. t. [L. depulsus, p. p. of depellere to drive out; de- + pellere to drive.] To drive away. [Obs.] Cockeram.
De*pul"sion (?), n. [L. depulsio.] A driving or thrusting away. [R.] Speed.
De*pul"so*ry (?), a. [L. depulsorius.] Driving or thrusting away; averting. [R.] Holland.
Dep"u*rant (?), a. & n. (Med.) Depurative.
Dep"u*rate (?), a. [LL. depuratus, p. p. of depurare to purify; L. de- + purare to purify, purus clean, pure. Cf. Depure.] Depurated; cleansed; freed from impurities. Boyle.
Dep"u*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depurating (?).] To free from impurities, heterogeneous matter, or feculence; to purify; to cleanse.
To depurate the mass of blood.
Boyle.
Dep`u*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépuration.] The act or process of depurating or freeing from foreign or impure matter, as a liquid or wound.
Dep"u*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dépuratif.] (Med.) Purifying the blood or the humors; depuratory. -- n. A depurative remedy or agent; or a disease which is believed to be depurative.
Dep"u*ra`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, cleanses.
Dep"u*ra*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. dépuratoire.] Depurating; tending to depurate or cleanse; depurative.
De*pure" (?), v. t. [F. dépurer. See Depurate.] To depurate; to purify. [Obs.]
He shall first be depured and cleansed before that he shall be laid up for pure gold in the treasures of God.
Sir T. More.
De*pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. Serving to purge; tending to cleanse or purify. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
Dep`u*ri"tion (?), n. See Depuration.
Dep"u*ta*ble (?), a. Fit to be deputed; suitable to act as a deputy. Carlyle.
Dep`u*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. députation. See Depute.] 1. The act of deputing, or of appointing or commissioning a deputy or representative; office of a deputy or delegate; vicegerency.
The authority of conscience stands founded upon its vicegerency and deputation under God.
South.
2. The person or persons deputed or commissioned by another person, party, or public body to act in his or its behalf; delegation; as, the general sent a deputation to the enemy to propose a truce.
By deputation, or In deputation, by delegated authority; as substitute; through the medium of a deputy. [Obs.]
Say to great Cæsar this: In deputation
I kiss his conquering hand.
Shak.
Dep"u*ta`tor (?), n. One who deputes, or makes a deputation. [R.] Locke.
De*pute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Deputing.] [F. députer, fr. L. deputare to esteem, consider, in LL., to destine, allot; de- + putare to clean, prune, clear up, set in order, reckon, think. See Pure.] 1. To appoint as deputy or agent; to commission to act in one's place; to delegate.
There is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.
2. Sam. xv. 3.
Some persons, deputed by a meeting.
Macaulay.
2. To appoint; to assign; to choose. [R.]
The most conspicuous places in cities are usually deputed for the erection of statues.
Barrow.
De*pute", n. A person deputed; a deputy. [Scot.]
Dep"u*tize (dp"*tz), v. t. To appoint as one's deputy; to empower to act in one's stead; to depute.
Dep"u*ty (-t), n.; pl. Deputies (#). [F. député, fr. LL. deputatus. See Depute.] 1. One appointed as the substitute of another, and empowered to act for him, in his name or his behalf; a substitute in office; a lieutenant; a representative; a delegate; a vicegerent; as, the deputy of a prince, of a sheriff, of a township, etc.
There was then [in the days of Jehoshaphat] no king in Edom; a deputy was king.
1 Kings xxii. 47.
God's substitute,
His deputy anointed in His sight.
Shak.
Deputy is used in combination with the names of various executive officers, to denote an assistant empowered to act in their name; as, deputy collector, deputy marshal, deputy sheriff.
2. A member of the Chamber of Deputies. [France]
Chamber of Deputies, one of the two branches of the French legislative assembly; -- formerly called Corps Législatif. Its members, called deputies, are elected by the people voting in districts.
Syn. -- Substitute; representative; legate; delegate; envoy; agent; factor.
De*quan"ti*tate (?), v. t. [L. de- + quantitas, -atis. See Quantity.] To diminish the quantity of; to disquantity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
De*rac"i*nate (d*rs"*nt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deracinated (-n`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Deracinating (n`tng).] [F. déraciner; pref. dé- (L. dis) + racine root, fr. an assumed LL. radicina, fr. L. radix, radicis, root.] To pluck up by the roots; to extirpate. [R.]
While that the colter rusts
That should deracinate such savagery.
Shak.
De*rac`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of pulling up by the roots; eradication. [R.]
{ De*raign", De*rain" } (?), v. t. [See Darraign.] (Old Law) To prove or to refute by proof; to clear (one's self). [Obs.]
{ De*raign"ment, De*rain"ment } (?), n. [See Darraign.] 1. The act of deraigning. [Obs.]
2. The renunciation of religious or monastic vows. [Obs.] Blount.
De*rail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Derailing.] To cause to run off from the rails of a railroad, as a locomotive. Lardner.
De*rail"ment (?), n. The act of going off, or the state of being off, the rails of a railroad.
De*range" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deranged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deranging.] [F. déranger; pref. dé- = dés- (L. dis) + ranger to range. See Range, and cf. Disarrange, Disrank.] 1. To put out of place, order, or rank; to disturb the proper arrangement or order of; to throw into disorder, confusion, or embarrassment; to disorder; to disarrange; as, to derange the plans of a commander, or the affairs of a nation.
2. To disturb in action or function, as a part or organ, or the whole of a machine or organism.
A sudden fall deranges some of our internal parts.
Blair.
3. To disturb in the orderly or normal action of the intellect; to render insane.
Syn. -- To disorder; disarrange; displace; unsettle; disturb; confuse; discompose; ruffle; disconcert.
De*ranged" (?), a. Disordered; especially, disordered in mind; crazy; insane.
The story of a poor deranged parish lad.
Lamb.
De*range"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. dérangement.] The act of deranging or putting out of order, or the state of being deranged; disarrangement; disorder; confusion; especially, mental disorder; insanity.
Syn. -- Disorder; confusion; embarrassment; irregularity; disturbance; insanity; lunacy; madness; delirium; mania. See Insanity.
De*ran"ger (?), n. One who deranges.
De*ray" (?), n. [OF. derroi, desroi, desrei; pref. des- (L. dis-) + roi, rei, rai, order. See Array.] Disorder; merriment. [Obs.]
||Der"bi*o (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large European food fish (Lichia glauca).
Der"by (?; usually ? in Eng.; 85), n. 1. A race for three-old horses, run annually at Epsom (near London), for the Derby stakes. It was instituted by the 12th Earl of Derby, in 1780.
Derby Day, the day of the annual race for the Derby stakes, -- Wednesday of the week before Whitsuntide.
2. A stiff felt hat with a dome-shaped crown.
Der"by*shire spar" (?). (Min.) A massive variety of fluor spar, found in Derbyshire, England, and wrought into vases and other ornamental work.
Der*do"ing (?), a. [See Dere, v. t.] Doing daring or chivalrous deeds. [Obs.] "In derdoing arms." Spenser.
Dere (?), v. t. [AS. derian to hurt.] To hurt; to harm; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Dere, n. Harm. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.
{ De*reine, De*reyne" (?) }, v. t. Same as Darraign. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Der"e*lict (?), a. [L. derelictus, p. p. of derelinquere to forsake wholly, to abandon; de- + relinquere to leave. See Relinquish.] 1. Given up or forsaken by the natural owner or guardian; left and abandoned; as, derelict lands.
The affections which these exposed or derelict children bear to their mothers, have no grounds of nature or assiduity but civility and opinion.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Lost; adrift; hence, wanting; careless; neglectful; unfaithful.
They easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied, and derelict minds of his [Chatham's] friends; and instantly they turned the vessel wholly out of the course of his policy.
Burke.
A government which is either unable or unwilling to redress such wrongs is derelict to its highest duties.
J. Buchanan.
Der"e*lict, n. (Law) (a) A thing voluntary abandoned or willfully cast away by its proper owner, especially a ship abandoned at sea. (b) A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation or use.
Der`e*lic"tion (?), n. [L. derelictio.] 1. The act of leaving with an intention not to reclaim or resume; an utter forsaking abandonment.
Cession or dereliction, actual or tacit, of other powers.
Burke.
2. A neglect or omission as if by willful abandonment.
A total dereliction of military duties.
Sir W. Scott.
3. The state of being left or abandoned.
4. (Law) A retiring of the sea, occasioning a change of high-water mark, whereby land is gained.
De`re*li"gion*ize (?), v. t. To make irreligious; to turn from religion. [R.]
He would dereligionize men beyond all others.
De Quincey.
Dere"ling (?), n. Darling. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Dere"ling (?), n. Darling. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Derf (?), a. [Icel. djafr.] Strong; powerful; fierce. [Obs.] -- Derf"ly, adv. [Obs.]
De*ride" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derided; p. pr. & vb. n. Deriding.] [L. deridere, derisum; de- + rid&?;re to laugh. See Ridicule.] To laugh at with contempt; to laugh to scorn; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to scoff at.
And the Pharisees, also, . . . derided him.
Luke xvi. 14.
Sport that wrinkled Care derides.
And Laughter holding both his sides.
Milton.
Syn. -- To mock; laugh at; ridicule; insult; taunt; jeer; banter; rally. -- To Deride, Ridicule, Mock, Taunt. A man may ridicule without any unkindness of feeling; his object may be to correct; as, to ridicule the follies of the age. He who derides is actuated by a severe a contemptuous spirit; as, to deride one for his religious principles. To mock is stronger, and denotes open and scornful derision; as, to mock at sin. To taunt is to reproach with the keenest insult; as, to taunt one for his misfortunes. Ridicule consists more in words than in actions; derision and mockery evince themselves in actions as well as words; taunts are always expressed in words of extreme bitterness.
De*rid"er (?), n. One who derides, or laughs at, another in contempt; a mocker; a scoffer.
De*rid"ing*ly, adv. By way of derision or mockery.
De*ri"sion (?), n. [L. derisio: cf. F. dérision. See Deride.] 1. The act of deriding, or the state of being derided; mockery; scornful or contemptuous treatment which holds one up to ridicule.
He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh; the Lord shall have them in derision.
Ps. ii. 4.
Satan beheld their plight,
And to his mates thus in derision called.
Milton.
2. An object of derision or scorn; a laughing-stock.
I was a derision to all my people.
Lam. iii. 14.
Syn. -- Scorn; mockery; contempt; insult; ridicule.
De*ri"sive (?), a. Expressing, serving for, or characterized by, derision. "Derisive taunts." Pope. -- De*ri"sive*ly, adv. -- De*ri"sive*ness, n.
De*ri"so*ry (?), a. [L. derisorius: cf. F. dérisoire.] Derisive; mocking. Shaftesbury.
De*riv"a*ble (?), a. [From Derive.] That can be derived; obtainable by transmission; capable of being known by inference, as from premises or data; capable of being traced, as from a radical; as, income is derivable from various sources.
All honor derivable upon me.
South.
The exquisite pleasure derivable from the true and beautiful relations of domestic life.
H. G. Bell.
The argument derivable from the doxologies.
J. H. Newman.
De*riv"a*bly, adv. By derivation.
De*riv"al (?), n. Derivation. [R.]
The derival of e from a.
Earle.
Der"i*vate (?), a. [L. derivatus, p. p. of derivare. See Derive.] Derived; derivative. [R.] H. Taylor. -- n. A thing derived; a derivative. [R.]
Der"i*vate (?), v. t. To derive. [Obs.] Huloet.
Der`i*va"tion (?), n. [L. derivatio: cf. F. dérivation. See Derive.] 1. A leading or drawing off of water from a stream or source. [Obs.] T. Burnet.
2. The act of receiving anything from a source; the act of procuring an effect from a cause, means, or condition, as profits from capital, conclusions or opinions from evidence.
As touching traditional communication, . . . I do not doubt but many of those truths have had the help of that derivation.
Sir M. Hale.
3. The act of tracing origin or descent, as in grammar or genealogy; as, the derivation of a word from an Aryan root.
4. The state or method of being derived; the relation of origin when established or asserted.
5. That from which a thing is derived.
6. That which is derived; a derivative; a deduction.
From the Euphrates into an artificial derivation of that river.
Gibbon.
7. (Math.) The operation of deducing one function from another according to some fixed law, called the law of derivation, as the operation of differentiation or of integration.
8. (Med.) A drawing of humors or fluids from one part of the body to another, to relieve or lessen a morbid process.
Der`i*va"tion*al (?), a. Relating to derivation. Earle.
De*riv"a*tive (?), a. [L. derivativus: cf. F. dérivatif.] Obtained by derivation; derived; not radical, original, or fundamental; originating, deduced, or formed from something else; secondary; as, a derivative conveyance; a derivative word.
Derivative circulation, a modification of the circulation found in some parts of the body, in which the arteries empty directly into the veins without the interposition of capillaries. Flint.
-- De*riv"a*tive*ly, adv. -- De*riv"a*tive*ness, n.
De*riv"a*tive, n. 1. That which is derived; anything obtained or deduced from another.
2. (Gram.) A word formed from another word, by a prefix or suffix, an internal modification, or some other change; a word which takes its origin from a root.
3. (Mus.) A chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another by inversion; or, vice versa, a ground tone or root implied in its harmonics in an actual chord.
4. (Med.) An agent which is adapted to produce a derivation (in the medical sense).
5. (Math.) A derived function; a function obtained from a given function by a certain algebraic process.
Except in the mode of derivation the derivative is the same as the differential coefficient. See Differential coefficient, under Differential.
6. (Chem.) A substance so related to another substance by modification or partial substitution as to be regarded as derived from it; thus, the amido compounds are derivatives of ammonia, and the hydrocarbons are derivatives of methane, benzene, etc.
De*rive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deriving.] [F. dériver, L. derivare; de- + rivus stream, brook. See Rival.] 1. To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; -- followed by to, into, on, upon. [Obs.]
For fear it [water] choke up the pits . . . they [the workman] derive it by other drains.
Holland.
Her due loves derived to that vile witch's share.
Spenser.
Derived to us by tradition from Adam to Noah.
Jer. Taylor.
2. To receive, as from a source or origin; to obtain by descent or by transmission; to draw; to deduce; -- followed by from.
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3. To trace the origin, descent, or derivation of; to recognize transmission of; as, he derives this word from the Anglo-Saxon.
From these two causes . . . an ancient set of physicians derived all diseases.
Arbuthnot.
4. (Chem.) To obtain one substance from another by actual or theoretical substitution; as, to derive an organic acid from its corresponding hydrocarbon.
Syn. -- To trace; deduce; infer.
De*rive" (?), v. i. To flow; to have origin; to descend; to proceed; to be deduced. Shak.
Power from heaven
Derives, and monarchs rule by gods appointed.
Prior.
De*rive"ment (?), n. That which is derived; deduction; inference. [Obs.]
I offer these derivements from these subjects.
W. Montagu.
De*riv"er (?), n. One who derives.
Derk (?), a. Dark. [Obs.] Chaucer.
-derm (?). [See Derm, n.] A suffix or terminal formative, much used in anatomical terms, and signifying skin, integument, covering; as, blastoderm, ectoderm, etc.
Derm (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin, fr. &?; to skin, flay: cf. F. derme. See Tear, v. t.] 1. The integument of animal; the skin.
2. (Anat.) See Dermis.
||Der"ma (?), n. [NL. See Derm.] (Anat.) See Dermis.
Derm"al (?), a. [From Derm.] 1. Pertaining to the integument or skin of animals; dermic; as, the dermal secretions.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to the dermis or true skin.
||Der*map"te*ra (?), Der*map"ter*an (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) See Dermoptera, Dermopteran.
{ Der*mat"ic (?), Der"ma*tine (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; skin.] Of or pertaining to the skin.
Der`ma*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the skin.
Der*mat"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -gen.] (Bot.) Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming condition.
Der*mat"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -gen.] (Bot.) Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming condition.
Der*ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -graphy.] An anatomical description of, or treatise on, the skin.
Der"ma*toid (?), a. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -oid: cf. F. dermatoïde. Cf. Dermoid.] Resembling skin; skinlike.
Der`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who discourses on the skin and its diseases; one versed in dermatology.
Der`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -logy: cf. F. dermatologie.] The science which treats of the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases.
Der`ma*to*path"ic (?), a. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + pa`qos suffering.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to skin diseases, or their cure.
Der*mat"o*phyte (dr*mt"*ft or dr"m*t*ft), n. [Gr. de`rma,
-atos, skin + fyto`n plant.] (Med.) A vegetable parasite, infesting
the skin.
[1913 Webster]
||Der*mes"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. dermhsth`s; de`rma skin + root of &?; to eat.] (Zoöl.) A genus of coleopterous insects, the larvæ of which feed animal substances. They are very destructive to dries meats, skins, woolens, and furs. The most common species is D. lardarius, known as the bacon beetle.
Der*mes"toid (?), a. [Dermestes + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to or resembling the genus Dermestes.
The carpet beetle, called the buffalo moth, is a dermestoid beetle.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.
Der"mic (?), a. 1. Relating to the derm or skin.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to the dermis; dermal.
Underneath each nail the deep or dermic layer of the integument is peculiarly modified.
Huxley.
Dermic remedies (Med.), such as act through the skin.
||Der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Derm.] (Anat.) The deep sensitive layer of the skin beneath the scarfskin or epidermis; -- called also true skin, derm, derma, corium, cutis, and enderon. See Skin, and Illust. in Appendix.
||Der`mo*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A group of nudibranch mollusks without special gills.
Der`mo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [Derm + branchiate.] (Zoöl.) Having the skin modified to serve as a gill.
Der`mo*hæ"mal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in relation with, both dermal and hæmal structures; as, the dermohæmal spines or ventral fin rays of fishes.
Der"moid (?), a. [Derm + - oid: cf. F. dermoïde.] Same as Dermatoid.
Dermoid cyst (Med.), a cyst containing skin, or structures connected with skin, such as hair.
Der`mo*neu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in relation with, both dermal and neural structures; as, the dermoneural spines or dorsal fin rays of fishes. Owen.
Der`mo*path"ic (?), a. (Med.) Dermatopathic.
Der"mo*phyte (?), n. A dermatophyte.
||Der*mop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; skin + &?; wing.] 1. (Zoöl.) The division of insects which includes the earwigs (Forticulidæ).
2. (Zoöl.) A group of lemuroid mammals having a parachutelike web of skin between the fore and hind legs, of which the colugo (Galeopithecus) is the type. See Colugo.
3. (Zoöl.) An order of Mammalia; the Cheiroptera.
[Written also Dermaptera, and Dermatoptera.]
Der*mop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) An insect which has the anterior pair of wings coriaceous, and does not use them in flight, as the earwig.
||Der*mop"te*ri (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Dermopterygii.
||Der*mop`te*ryg"i*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; skin + &?; wing, fin, dim. of &?; wing.] (Zoöl.) A group of fishlike animals including the Marsipobranchiata and Leptocardia.
Der`mo*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Derm + skeleton.] (Anat.) See Exoskeleton.
||Der`mos*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; skin + &?; bone.] (Physiol.) Ossification of the dermis.
Dern (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A gatepost or doorpost. [Local Eng.] C. Kingsley.
Dern, a. [See Dearn, a.] 1. Hidden; concealed; secret. [Obs.] "Ye must be full dern." Chaucer.
2. Solitary; sad. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Derne (?), v. t. & i. [AS. dyrnan to hide. See Dern, a., Dearn, a.] To hide; to skulk. [Scot.]
He at length escaped them by derning himself in a foxearth.
H. Miller.
Dern"ful (?), a. Secret; hence, lonely; sad; mournful. [Obs.] "Dernful noise." Spenser.
||Der`nier" (?), a. [F., from OF. darrein, derrain. See Darrein.] Last; final.
Dernier ressort (&?;) [F.], last resort or expedient.
Dern"ly (?), adv. Secretly; grievously; mournfully. [Obs.] Spenser.
Der"o*gant (?), a. [L. derogans, p. pr.] Derogatory. [R.] T. Adams.
Der"o*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derogated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Derogating (?).] [L. derogatus, p. p. of derogare to derogate; de- + rogare to ask, to ask the people about a law. See Rogation.] 1. To annul in part; to repeal partly; to restrict; to limit the action of; -- said of a law.
By several contrary customs, . . . many of the civil and canon laws are controlled and derogated.
Sir M. Hale.
2. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage; to depreciate; -- said of a person or thing. [R.]
Anything . . . that should derogate, minish, or hurt his glory and his name.
Sir T. More.
Der"o*gate (?), v. i. 1. To take away; to detract; to withdraw; -- usually with from.
If we did derogate from them whom their industry hath made great.
Hooker.
It derogates little from his fortitude, while it adds infinitely to the honor of his humanity.
Burke.
2. To act beneath one-s rank, place, birth, or character; to degenerate. [R.]
You are a fool granted; therefore your issues, being foolish, do not derogate.
Shak.
Would Charles X. derogate from his ancestors? Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line?
Hazlitt.
Der"o*gate (?), n. [L. derogatus, p. p.] Diminished in value; dishonored; degraded. [R.] Shak.
Der"o*gate*ly, adv. In a derogatory manner.
Der`o*ga"tion (?), n. [L. derogatio: cf. F. dérogation.] 1. The act of derogating, partly repealing, or lessening in value; disparagement; detraction; depreciation; -- followed by of, from, or to.
I hope it is no derogation to the Christian religion.
Locke.
He counted it no derogation of his manhood to be seen to weep.
F. W. Robertson.
2. (Stock Exch.) An alteration of, or subtraction from, a contract for a sale of stocks.
De*rog"a*tive (?), a. Derogatory. -- De*rog"a*tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Der"o*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] A detractor.
De*rog"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a derogatory manner; disparagingly. Aubrey.
De*rog"a*to*ri*ness, n. Quality of being derogatory.
De*rog"a*to*ry (?), a. Tending to derogate, or lessen in value; expressing derogation; detracting; injurious; -- with from, to, or unto.
Acts of Parliament derogatory from the power of subsequent Parliaments bind not.
Blackstone.
His language was severely censured by some of his brother peers as derogatory to their order.
Macaulay.
Derogatory clause in a testament (Law), a sentence of secret character inserted by the testator alone, of which he reserves the knowledge to himself, with a condition that no will he may make thereafter shall be valid, unless this clause is inserted word for word; -- a precaution to guard against later wills extorted by violence, or obtained by suggestion.
||Der`o*tre"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. de`ros skin + &?;, &?;, hole.] (Zoöl.) The tribe of aquatic Amphibia which includes Amphiuma, Menopoma, etc. They have permanent gill openings, but no external gills; -- called also Cryptobranchiata. [Written also Derotrema.]
Der"re (?), a. Dearer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Der"rick (?), n. [Orig., a gallows, from a hangman named Derrick. The name is of Dutch origin; D. Diederik, Dierryk, prop. meaning, chief of the people; cf. AS. peódric, E. Theodoric, G. Dietrich. See Dutch, and Rich.] A mast, spar, or tall frame, supported at the top by stays or guys, with suitable tackle for hoisting heavy weights, as stones in building.
Derrick crane, a combination of the derrick and the crane, having facility for hoisting and also for swinging the load horizontally.
Der"ring, a. Daring or warlike. [Obs.]
Drad for his derring doe and bloody deed.
Spenser.
Der"rin*ger (?), n. [From the American inventor.] A kind of short-barreled pocket pistol, of very large caliber, often carrying a half-ounce ball.
Derth (?), n. Dearth; scarcity. [Obs.] Spenser.
||Der`tro*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; beak + &?; box, case.] (Zoöl.) The horny covering of the end of the bill of birds.
{ Der"vish (?), Der"vise (?), Der"vis (?), } n. [Per. derwsch, fr. OPer. derew to beg, ask alms: cf. F. derviche.] A Turkish or Persian monk, especially one who professes extreme poverty and leads an austere life.
Der"worth (dr"wrth), a. [AS. deórwurþe, lit., dearworth.] Precious. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Des"cant (ds"knt), n. [OF. descant, deschant, F. déchant, discant, LL. discantus, fr. L. dis + cantus singing, melody, fr. canere to sing. See Chant, and cf. Descant, v. i., Discant.] 1. (Mus.) (a) Originally, a double song; a melody or counterpoint sung above the plain song of the tenor; a variation of an air; a variation by ornament of the main subject or plain song. (b) The upper voice in part music. (c) The canto, cantus, or soprano voice; the treble. Grove.
Twenty doctors expound one text twenty ways, as children make descant upon plain song.
Tyndale.
She [the nightingale] all night long her amorous descant sung.
Milton.
The term has also been used synonymously with counterpoint, or polyphony, which developed out of the French déchant, of the 12th century.
2. A discourse formed on its theme, like variations on a musical air; a comment or comments.
Upon that simplest of themes how magnificent a descant!
De Quincey.
Des*cant" (ds*knt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Descanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Descanting.] [From descant; n.; or directly fr. OF. descanter, deschanter; L. dis- + cantare to sing.] 1. To sing a variation or accomplishment.
2. To comment freely; to discourse with fullness and particularity; to discourse at large.
A virtuous man should be pleased to find people descanting on his actions.
Addison.
Des*cant"er (?), n. One who descants.
De*scend" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Descended; p. pr. & vb. n. Descending.] [F. descendre, L. descendere, descensum; de- + scandere to climb. See Scan.] 1. To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come or go down in any way, as by falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to plunge; to fall; to incline downward; -- the opposite of ascend.
The rain descended, and the floods came.
Matt. vii. 25.
We will here descend to matters of later date.
Fuller.
2. To enter mentally; to retire. [Poetic]
[He] with holiest meditations fed,
Into himself descended.
Milton.
3. To make an attack, or incursion, as if from a vantage ground; to come suddenly and with violence; -- with on or upon.
And on the suitors let thy wrath descend.
Pope.
4. To come down to a lower, less fortunate, humbler, less virtuous, or worse, state or station; to lower or abase one's self; as, he descended from his high estate.
5. To pass from the more general or important to the particular or less important matters to be considered.
6. To come down, as from a source, original, or stock; to be derived; to proceed by generation or by transmission; to fall or pass by inheritance; as, the beggar may descend from a prince; a crown descends to the heir.
7. (Anat.) To move toward the south, or to the southward.
8. (Mus.) To fall in pitch; to pass from a higher to a lower tone.
De*scend" (?), v. t. To go down upon or along; to pass from a higher to a lower part of; as, they descended the river in boats; to descend a ladder.
But never tears his cheek descended.
Byron.
De*scend"ant (?), a. [F. descendant, p. pr. of descendre. Cf. Descendent.] Descendent.
De*scend"ant, n. One who descends, as offspring, however remotely; -- correlative to ancestor or ascendant.
Our first parents and their descendants.
Hale.
The descendant of so many kings and emperors.
Burke.
De*scend"ent (?), a. [L. descendens, -entis, p. pr. of descendre. Cf. Descendant.] Descending; falling; proceeding from an ancestor or source.
More than mortal grace
Speaks thee descendent of ethereal race.
Pope.
De*scend"er (?), n. One who descends.
De*scend`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being descendible; capability of being transmitted from ancestors; as, the descendibility of an estate.
De*scend"i*ble (?), a. 1. Admitting descent; capable of being descended.
2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir. "A descendant estate." Sir W. Jones.
De*scend"ing, a. Of or pertaining to descent; moving downwards.
Descending constellations or signs (Astron.), those through which the planets descent toward the south. -- Descending node (Astron.), that point in a planet's orbit where it intersects the ecliptic in passing southward. -- Descending series (Math.), a series in which each term is numerically smaller than the preceding one; also, a series arranged according to descending powers of a quantity.
De*scend"ing*ly, adv. In a descending manner.
De*scen"sion (?), n. [OF. descension, L. descensio. See Descent.] The act of going downward; descent; falling or sinking; declension; degradation.
Oblique descension (Astron.), the degree or arc of the equator which descends, with a celestial object, below the horizon of an oblique sphere. -- Right descension, the degree or arc of the equator which descends below the horizon of a right sphere at the same time with the object. [Obs.]
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De*scen"sion*al (?), a. Pertaining to descension. Johnson.
De*scen"sive (?), a. Tending to descend; tending downwards; descending. Smart.
De*scen"so*ry (?), n. [NL. descensorium: cf. OF. descensoire. See Descend.] A vessel used in alchemy to extract oils.
De*scent" (?), n. [F. descente, fr. descendre; like vente, from vendre. See Descend.] 1. The act of descending, or passing downward; change of place from higher to lower.
2. Incursion; sudden attack; especially, hostile invasion from sea; -- often followed by upon or on; as, to make a descent upon the enemy.
The United Provinces . . . ordered public prayer to God, when they feared that the French and English fleets would make a descent upon their coasts.
Jortin.
3. Progress downward, as in station, virtue, as in station, virtue, and the like, from a higher to a lower state, from a higher to a lower state, from the more to the less important, from the better to the worse, etc.
2. Derivation, as from an ancestor; procedure by generation; lineage; birth; extraction. Dryden.
5. (Law) Transmission of an estate by inheritance, usually, but not necessarily, in the descending line; title to inherit an estate by reason of consanguinity. Abbott.
6. Inclination downward; a descending way; inclined or sloping surface; declivity; slope; as, a steep descent.
7. That which is descended; descendants; issue.
If care of our descent perplex us most,
Which must be born to certain woe.
Milton.
8. A step or remove downward in any scale of gradation; a degree in the scale of genealogy; a generation.
No man living is a thousand descents removed from Adam himself.
Hooker.
9. Lowest place; extreme downward place. [R.]
And from the extremest upward of thy head,
To the descent and dust below thy foot.
Shak. 10. (Mus.) A passing from a higher to a lower tone.
Syn. -- Declivity; slope; degradation; extraction; lineage; assault; invasion; attack.
De*scrib"a*ble (?), a. That can be described; capable of description.
De*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Described (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Describing.] [L. describere, descriptum; de- + scribere to write: cf. OE. descriven, OF. descrivre, F. décrire. See Scribe, and cf. Descry.] 1. To represent by drawing; to draw a plan of; to delineate; to trace or mark out; as, to describe a circle by the compasses; a torch waved about the head in such a way as to describe a circle.
2. To represent by words written or spoken; to give an account of; to make known to others by words or signs; as, the geographer describes countries and cities.
3. To distribute into parts, groups, or classes; to mark off; to class. [Obs.]
Passed through the land, and described it by cities into seven parts in a book.
Josh. xviii. 9.
Syn. -- To set forth; represent; delineate; relate; recount; narrate; express; explain; depict; portray; chracterize.
De*scribe", v. i. To use the faculty of describing; to give a description; as, Milton describes with uncommon force and beauty.
De*scrib"ent (?), n. [L. describens, p. pr. of describere.] (Geom.) Same as Generatrix.
De*scrib"er (?), n. One who describes.
De*scri"er (?), n. One who descries.
De*scrip"tion (?), n. [F. description, L. descriptio. See Describe.] 1. The act of describing; a delineation by marks or signs.