INDEX.

A.
ACCELERATED FIRE, effect of 162
ACCELERATED TIME, in various armies (tables) 54
ACCURACY, effect of, in collective fire 169
ACTION
Breaking off an 441
Conduct and duties of the leaders in 399
Containing 445
Delaying 445
ADJUSTMENT, artillery fire 319
ADVANCE
Crawling—see Crawling
Fire while in motion 92, 93
Firing line in attack 366
Formations suitable for, through timber 332
Impulse from the rear 95
Infantry under artillery fire 321
Rushes—see Rushes
Skirmish line 76
ADVANCE BY CRAWLING—see Crawling
ADVANCE BY RUSHES—see Rushes
ADVANCE GUARD.
Battalion, formation for attack 212
Conduct in a rencontre 334
Conduct of, France 454
Conduct of, Italy 451
ADVANCED POSITIONS 413
Austria 450
Danger of fight being decided in 414
England 462
Examples of 412
Example of attack on 348
Japan 465
Russia 413
ADVANCED TROOPS 349
AGENTS DE LIAISON 245
AIM, points of 165
AIMING POSITION, warding off cavalry 307
ALPINI 22, 24
ALTITUDE, effect of, on ranges 145
AMMUNITION
Expenditure and supply of 468
Franco-German War 468
Russo-Japanese War 473
Russo-Turkish War 472
Expenditure of, during advance by rushes 90
How carried by soldier in various armies 476
Knapsacks 483
Machine guns 261
Austria 288
England 290
Switzerland 284
Germany 273
Rate of fire versus waste of 161
Shortage of, examples 469
Supply and distribution in action 400
Supply, Austria 475, 479
Supply, Deductions from various regulations 483
Supply, Defense 400
Supply, England 475, 482
Supply, France 475, 480
Supply, Germany 475, 476
Supply, Italy 475, 483
Supply, Japan 475
Supply, Russia 475, 480
Supply, Various armies (table) 475
Wagon—see Ammunition Wagons
Weight of, in various armies (table) 40
AMMUNITION CARTS—see Ammunition Wagons
AMMUNITION KNAPSACKS 483
AMMUNITION WAGONS 72
Austria 479
England 482
France 480
Germany 477
Italy 483
Russia 480
APPLICATORY METHOD OF INSTRUCTION 10, 11
APPLIED TACTICS 12, 13
ARBITRATION, Courts of 3
ARMY CORPS, frontage in attack 236
ARTILLERY,
Adjustment of fire 319
Cavalry charge supported by 313
Combat of infantry against 316
Combat of machine guns against 297
Combination fuses 113
Coöperation with infantry 351, 354
Effect of fire (France) 123, 124, 321
Field guns, in various armies 111
Fire at successive ranges 321
Fire diverted by advancing infantry 327
Fire effect of French 4-gun battery 321
Fire effect of (French data) 123, 124
Fire for effect 320
Howitzer, heavy field 118
Howitzer, Light field 116
Infantry screen 327
Line, distance from infantry line in defense 415
Losses, Franco-German War 20
Losses, Percentage of 188
Losses, Under infantry fire 326, 327
Percussion shell (Model 96) 115
Percussion shrapnel 111
Positions in defense 414
Preparatory action (France) in attack 454
Progressive fire 320
Searching fire 321
Shields, protection afforded by 324
Shrapnel 112, 113
Effect of (table) 114, 122
Sweeping fire 321
Time required for adjusting the fire 119
Time shell (Model 96) 116
Time shell (Model 98) 118
Time shrapnel 112, 113
Unlimbering under infantry fire 326
Zone fire 320
ASSAULT 373
Austria 449
Conduct of the 374
Decision to make an 373
England 462
Examples 376
Fire support 379
Fire while in motion 381
France 457
Guidons 355
Italy 452
Japan 464
Moment for making the 374
Pursuit after successful 385
Successful, conduct after 385
Trumpet signal, fix bayonet 377
Unsuccessful, conduct after 386
ASSAULTING DISTANCE 385, 424
ASSEMBLY FORMATIONS 42
France (carré de division) 454
ATTACK 329
Abridged 330
Advance of the firing line 366
Advance guard, conduct of the—in a rencontre 334
Advanced troops 349
Assault 352, 373, 374, 399
Assaulting distance 385, 424
Austria 448
Brigade, frontage of a, in 399
Column 44, 45
Comparison with defense 329
Conditions upon which success depends 345
Conduct of the 365
Coöperation of infantry and artillery 351, 352, 354
Decision to assault 373
Deliberately planned, comparison with rencontre 334, 338
Deployment, initial 366
Distances 368
Of supports from firing line 99
Duration of the 351
England 459
Envelopment 356
Examples
Boer War 340
Russo-Japanese War 340, 345
Fire fight 368
Fixing bayonets 372
Formation for, of a battalion 211, 212, 213
France 453
Advance in mass formation 455
Group attack 255
Preparatory attack formation 455
Frontage 234
Army corps 236
Battalion 236
Brigade 235, 236, 399
Company 96, 235, 236
Gaps in the line 239
General rules for use of intrenching tools 393
Higher troop leading, duties 366
Holding 357, 445
Intrenching tools, use of 387
Infantry against dismounted cavalry 313
Italy 451
Japan 463
I. Army 342
Influences determining tactics in Russo-Japanese War 341
Launching the enveloping force 359
Lessons of the Boer War 340
Lessons of the Russo-Japanese War 340
Local reconnaissance in 347
Machine guns in 365
Methods of forming a battalion for (plates) 215, 216
Minor troop leading, duties 365
Moment for making the assault 374
Normal attack 203, 204, 205
Number of men required 234
On an enemy deployed for defense 340
Orders, issue of, in rencontre 36
Over plain devoid of cover 255
Point of 355
Position of commander in 399
Preparation by infantry and artillery (France) 454
Preparation of the 346
Preparatory position, advance into 350
Provisions of various regulations in re use of spade in 392
Pure frontal 357
Range finding instruments, employment in 146
Reconnaissance 346
In force 347
Rencontre 333
Compared with deliberately planned attack 338
Conduct of main body in a 336
Reserve, strength of 395
Reserves, employment of 394
Rules for the advance under fire 367
Sand bag cover 344, 390
Secondary 357
Separation of holding and flank attacks 361
Signal (fix bayonet) 377
Spade, use of, in 387, 392, 449, 457, 465, 466
Successful, conduct after 385
Superiority of fire, necessity of 370, 371
Supports, advance of 368
Supports, Distance from firing line 99
Surprise 330
Switzerland 466
Time for opening fire, general rules 155
Troop leading, duties of 365, 366
United, examples illustrating necessity of a 402
Unsuccessful, conduct after 386
ATTACK ON A POSITION PREPARED FOR DEFENSE
Austria 448
Japan 464
Switzerland 466
AUSTRIA
Advanced positions 450
Advanced troops 349
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 479
Assault 449
Attack 448
Attack on a position prepared for defense 448
Battalion, formations of the 69, 72
Column of platoons, how formed 49
Column of platoons, (plate) 62
Company, strength of (table) 35
Coöperation of infantry and artillery 354
Counter-attack 438, 450
Crawling 449
Defense 450
Seeking a decision 450
Development for action 208
Envelopment 362, 449
Fire control and fire discipline 135
Fire, kinds of 159
Fire, Time for opening 153
Fire, While in motion, experiments with 92
Firing line, method of reinforcing the 96
Firing line, Position, choice of 370
Frontage 241
Front and facing distance 48
Infantry combat 448-450
Infantry versus cavalry 314
Intrenching tool equipment (table) 39
Kinds of fire 449
Load carried by a soldier 40
Machine gun 288
Ammunition supply 288
And infantry, relative fire effect of 267
Fire, kinds of 263
Formations 288
Organization 288
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Ranges, ascertaining 144
Reinforcing the firing line, method of 96
Rencontre 339, 448
Rushes 90, 449
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Superiority of fire 371
Supply of ammunition 475, 479
Telegraph detachments 248
Use of spade in attack 392, 449
B.
BASE UNIT 218
Advantages and disadvantages 218, 219
Of combat, designation of 244
BATTALION
Acting alone, formation for attack 212
Advance guard, formation for attack 212
Attack formation, France 457
Austrian, formation of the 69, 72
Broad column (with plates) 67, 68
Commander, duties in action 400
Commander, Post in action 400
Deep column (with plates) 67, 68
Depth on the march 72
English, formation of the 71
Formation, in a containing action 213
Forming for attack 211
French, formation of the (with plates) 70
Frontage in attack and defense 236
German, formation of the 67, 68
Group intrenchments 417
Historical development 36
Intrenching tool equipment (table) 39
Intrenchments for a 419, 421
Italian, formation of the 70
Japanese, formation of the 70
Method of forming for attack (plates) 215, 216
Movements of the 67
Normal formation 67
Organization of the 36, 37
Part of a larger force, formation in attack 213
Part of a larger force, formation In defense 213
Route column, formation 72
Route column, Provisions of various regulations 73
Russian, formations of the 69
Swiss, formations of the 71
BATTALION COMMANDER
Duties in action 400
Post in action 400
BATTLE UNIT 34
BAYONET FENCING 134
BAYONET FIGHTS 382
BEATEN ZONE 179
Definition 179
Depth at various angles of slope—General Paquié’s rule for determining 183
Formulae for computing depth of 180
Increase and diminution of (table) 181
BELGIUM
Fire control and fire direction 135
Frontage 242
Front and facing distance 48
BREAKING OFF AN ACTION 441
BRIGADE 37
Attack formation of a French 454
Cavalry, strength of 311
Combat formation 74
Development for action (with plate) 216, 217
Formations 73, 74
Frontage in attack 235, 236, 399
Importance 37, 38
Movements 73, 74
Three-unit organization 218
BROAD COLUMN (with plate) 67
C.
CADENCE 53, 54
CAVALRY
Charge of French Cuirassiers of the Guard at Vionville 311
Charge supported by artillery 313
Charges 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313
Combat of infantry against 301
Provisions of various regulations 314, 315
Combat of machine guns against 296
Dismounted, infantry attack against 313
Losses
Charge of French cavalry at Vionville 312
Franco-German War 20
Percentage of 188
Massed employment 313
Moral effect of a charge 306
Regiment, strength of German 273
Relative strength as compared to infantry 311
CHANGE OF DIRECTION, how executed 219
CHANGE OF FRONT
Examples of 220, 221
How executed 219
CHASSEURS ALPINS 22
CLEARING THE FOREGROUND 421
CLOSE COLUMN, definition 47
CLOSE ORDER
Battalion 67
Brigade 73
Company 56
Compared with extended order 102
Regiment 73
CLOSE ORDER FORMATIONS,
Effect of fire on 102, 103
Value of 103, 104
COLLECTIVE FIRE 169
COLOR, position of the 68
COLT MACHINE GUN 261
COLUMN
Attack in 44, 45
Battalion in route 72
Broad (with plate) 67
Close, definition of 47
Comparison with line 42-45
Deep (with plates) 67, 68
Dimensions of broad and deep (plate) 69
Double 71
French double (plate) 70
Open, definition of 47
Route (machine gun battery) 273, 274
Section (machine gun battery) 273, 274
COLUMN OF FOURS 58
How formed (plate) 58
And squads compared 59
COLUMN OF PLATOONS 61
How formed 49
Machine gun battery 273, 274
(plate) 62
Vulnerability of 186, 187
COLUMN OF SQUADS 57
Employment of 59
(plates) 57
COLUMN OF TWOS 56
COLUMNS, line of company, France (plate) 70
COMBAT
Conduct and duties of the leaders 399
Drill, importance of 105
Duration of 178
Frontage—see Frontage.
Infantry 448-467
Austria 448-450
France 453-459
Italy 451-453
Japan 463-465
Japanese, Characteristics of 341
Russia 466
Switzerland 466-467
Versus artillery 316
Versus cavalry 301
Versus machine guns 268
Machine Guns 296, 297
Versus artillery 297
Versus cavalry 296
Orders 243, 244
Necessity for written 244
Patrols 80, 250
Sections 257
Assignment of 243
Division of a position into 411
Tasks, assignment of 243
Train (machine guns) 270
Unit 34
COMBAT DRILL, importance of 105
COMBAT FRONTAGE—see Frontage
COMBAT ORDERS 243
Items that should not appear in 244
Written, necessity for 244
COMBAT PATROLS 250
COMBAT SECTIONS 257
Division of a position into 411
COMBAT TRAIN, machine gun 270
COMBAT UNIT 34
COMBINED SIGHTS, use of 166
COMMANDER
Battalion, post of, in action 400
Company, post of, in action 400
Conduct in action 399
Interference with subordinates 401
Post of, in action 399
Post of, in rencontre 398
Regimental, post of, in action 400
Selection of a position during combat 244
COMMANDS 41
Fire 166
COMMUNICATING TRENCHES 421
COMMUNICATION
With neighboring troops and next higher headquarters 245
On the battlefield 246
COMPANY 34
Ammunition wagons 72, 477, 479, 480, 482, 483
Austrian, in column of platoons (plate) 62
Columns of the 56
Commander, duties in action 400
Commander, Post in action 400
Dimensions of the 3 and 4 platoon company (plate) 52
Division into platoons, sections, squads 46-53
Division into 3 or 4 platoons 48, 53
Formation of the 46, 47
French 4-rank formation (with plates) 65, 66
French In line (plate) 49
Frontage in attack 235
Frontage in Attack and defense 96
Frontage in Defense and rear guard actions 236
German,
In column of platoons (plate) 62
In column of squads (plate) 57
In company column (plate) 60
In line (plate) 47
In route column (plate) 57
Movements in line and column 56
Non-commissioned officers, posts of, in various armies 47
Organization of the 34, 35
Range finders, post of 46, 47
Russian, in column of platoons (plate) 62
Strength of the 24, 35
In the various armies (table) 35
COMPANY AMMUNITION WAGONS 72, 477, 479, 480, 482, 483
COMPANY COLUMN (with plates) 60
Value of 186, 187
COMPANY COMMANDER,
Duties in action 400
Post in action 400
CONCENTRATED FIRE, machine guns 263
CONCENTRATION
For action 205
French, into carré de division, in attack 454
CONE OF DISPERSION, machine gun fire 264
CONE OF MISSES, Wolozkoi’s theory of the constant 173
CONTAINING ACTIONS 445
Delaying action and holding attack compared 445
COÖPERATION
Formation of a battalion in 213
Infantry and artillery 351, 352, 354
Difficulties of 354
Provisions of various regulations 354
COUNTER-ATTACK 378, 428, 453
After position is carried 433
Austria 410
Decision brought about by the 234
England 463
Examples of 433, 435, 436, 437, 438
France 439, 458
Frontal 436
In conjunction with a movement to the rear 434
Moment for making 432, 434
Moral effect of 436
Provisions of various regulations 438, 439
COURTS OF ARBITRATION 3
COVER
Sand bag 344, 390
Trenches 421
Use of 256
By firing line 138
COVER TRENCHES 421
CRAWLING 86
Austria 49
How executed 87, 88
CUTTING WEAPONS, wounds produced by (%) 384
CYCLISTS 28, 29, 30, 414
Depth of detachment of 29
Rate of march of 29
Use of, on battlefield 246
D.
“D” BULLET
Data regarding 130
Effect on steel shields 324
DANGER, effect of 195
DANGER SPACE, definition 179
DEEP COLUMN (with plates) 67, 68
French (with plates) 70
DEFENSE 408
Advanced positions 413
Ammunition supply 410
Austria 450
Battalion group intrenchments 417
Clearing the foreground 421
Combat sections, division of the position into 411
Communicating trenches 419, 420, 421
Company, frontage of 96
Comparison with attack 329
Conduct of the 423
Counter-attack 234, 428
After position is carried 433
Frontal 436
Moment for making 432, 434
Cover trenches 419-421
Distance of general reserve from defensive line 430
Distribution in depth in 232
Dummy intrenchments 421
England 462
Field magazines 418
Fire fight 427
Firing trenches 417
Flanks, protection of the 425
Formation of a battalion 213, 214
Fortifying the position 415
Framework of the position 414
France 458
Frontage in 232, 233
Frontage of a battalion 236
Frontage of a Company 96, 236
Frontal counter-attack 436
Gaps in the line 411
General reserve, location of the 411
General reserve, Position of the 429
General reserve, Strength of the 431
Interval between general reserve and defensive line 430
Intrenching, time essential for 416
Intrenchments, purpose of 416, 417
Italy 453
Japan 465
Long range fire, use of 150
Machine guns 295, 425
Masks 421
Number of men required in temporary 233
Observation of the foreground 420
Obstacles, construction of 421
Occupation of the position 426
Offensive,
Assumption of the 428
—defensive 408
Necessity of assuming the 409
Passive 409
Position,
Advanced 413
Determining factors in selecting a 414
Division of the, into sections 411
Fortifying the 415
Framework of the 414
Requirements of a 410
Purely passive 408
Range finding instruments, employment of 146
Refusing a flank 425
Reserve, strength of 395
Russia 422
Section reserves 411
Sections, division of the position into 411
Seeking a decision 233, 234, 409, 450, 467
Splinter proofs 418, 419, 420
Superiority of fire 427
Supports 410
Switzerland 467
Temporary,
Frontage in 233
Number of men required in 233
Occupation of a position 408
Terrain, character of, required by 254
Time for opening fire, in (general rules) 155
Traverses 417
Trenches (dimensions) 418, 420
Troops required to occupy the position 410, 411
Weak points, strengthening of 412
DEFENSE SEEKING A DECISION 409
Austria 450
Frontage 233, 234
Number of men required 234
Switzerland 467
DELAYING ACTION 445
Compared with holding attack 445
Distribution in depth in 232
Frontage in 232
DEMOLITION TOOLS 39
DEPLOYMENT 78, 80, 209
For action 209
France, from 4-rank formation (with plate) 65, 66
Initial, in attack 366
Provisions of various regulations 80
DEPTH
Battalion on the march 72
Cyclist detachment 29
Distribution in 222-225, 235, 237, 241, 242
DEVELOPMENT FOR ACTION 207
Brigade 216, 217
DISARMAMENT, proposals for 3
DISCIPLINE and the moral factors 107, 108
DISPERSION 33
DISTANCE,
Definition of 47
Assaulting 385, 424
Attack 368
Between elements in the battalion 72, 73
Facing, in various armies (table) 48
General reserve from defensive line 430
Support from firing line in attack 99
DISTRIBUTION IN DEPTH 222
Maximum, when necessary 235
Necessity for 224
Necessity for, increase with size of force 241
Provisions of various regulations 241, 242
Relation to frontage 225
Examples 223, 237
DIVISION, attack formation, France 457
DOUBLE COLUMN, France (with plates) 70
DOUBLE TIME 55
In various armies (table) 54
DRILL AND TRAINING 105, 106
DRILL ATTACK 204
DRILL, importance of combat 105
DRILL REGULATIONS 13-16
Provisions of various—see under name of country
DUMMY INTRENCHMENTS 421, 423
E.
ECHELON FORMATION 73, 74
EFFECT OF FIRE 167
As regards time 172
At medium ranges 151
Influence of the elevation selected 162
On artillery when unlimbering 326
On close order formations 102, 103
On thin and dense skirmish lines 77
Standard of measurement of the 168
EFFICACY OF FIRE 140
Against hill positions 183
Dependent upon accuracy 156
Influence of the ground on 179
Influence of training 168
ELEVATIONS, rear sight 165, 310
ÉLITE TROOPS 21, 22
ENGLAND
Advanced positions 413, 462
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 482
Assault 462
Attack 459
Battalion, formations of the 71
Coöperation of infantry and artillery 354
Counter-attack 439, 463
Defense 462
Envelopment 362
Fire fight in attack 461
Fire of position 154
Fire, time for opening 154
Fire, Kinds of 160
Frontage 242
In attack 460
Front and facing distance 48
Frontal counter-attack 463
Group intrenchments 462
Holding attack 447
Infantry combat 459-463
Infantry Versus cavalry 314
Intrenching in attack 392
Local counter-attack 463
Machine guns 289
Ammunition supply 290
And infantry, relative fire effect 266, 267
Organization 290
Views on 297
Mounted infantry 26
Normal attack 203
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Rallying position 460
Reserves, use of, prior to Boer War 397
Rushes 91, 462
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Supply of ammunition 475, 482
Telephone detachments 248
Use of spade in attack 392
ENVELOPMENT 356
Austria 362, 449
Dangers involved 358
England 363
Examples of 357-361
France 362, 457
Italy 363
Provisions of various regulations 362, 363
ESKADRONS
Number in German brigade 311
Strength of 32
ESTIMATING DISTANCES—see Range
EQUIPMENT 38-40
Intrenching tool 38-40
Tent, weight of 40
Weight of, in various armies (table) 40
EXPENDITURE AND SUPPLY OF AMMUNITION 468
Examples from military history 468-474
Franco-German War 468
Russo-Japanese War 473
Russo-Turkish War 472
EXPLOSIVES 39, 480
EXTENDED ORDER 75
Compared with close order 102
Movements in 81
F.
FACING DISTANCE, in various armies (table) 48
FIELD ARTILLERY—see Artillery
FIELD GUN 111
FIELD MAGAZINES 418
FIELD TRAIN 72
Machine guns 270
FIGHTING UNIT 33
FILE CLOSERS, position of 46, 47
FIRE
Accelerated, effect of 162
Beaten zone, definition 179
Collective, effect of accuracy in 169
Combined sights 166
Commands for firing 166
Constant cone of misses, Wolozkoi’s theory of the 173
Continuous, fatigue produced by 155
Control 134
Curve of hits obtained by various marksmen 170
Danger space, definition 179
Direction 134
Discipline 133
Distribution of, against charging cavalry 311
Effect 167
As regards time 172
At medium ranges 151
Influence of the elevation selected on 162
On artillery when unlimbering 326
On close order formations 102, 103
On thin and dense skirmish lines 77
Efficacy of 140
Against hill positions 183
Dependent upon accuracy 156
Influence of the ground on 179
Influence of training on 168
Elevations and points of aim 165
To be used in warding off cavalry charges 310
Employment of infantry 132
Expedients for minimizing the effect of hostile 118
Flanking 254
Formula for determining favorable range for firing against hill positions 183
Hits obtained by various marksmen (table) 171
Hostile, expedients for minimizing effect of 118
Hostile, Formations suitable under 120, 121
Hurried, effect of 162
Increasing difficulties in adjusting hostile artillery fire 119
Indirect 184
Infantry 126
Against charging cavalry 308
And machine gun, relative value of 265-267
Employment of 132
Influences affecting accuracy of 173
Influence of the ground on efficacy of 179
Kinds of 157
Austria 449
France 455
Italy 451
Japan 463
Provisions of various regulations 158-160
Russo-Japanese War 157
To be used in warding off a cavalry charge 310
Long range 148, 150-153, 176
Losses produced by long range fire 176
Machine gun—see Machine Guns
Marksmanship, effect of, in collective 169
Misses
Effect of 173
Wolozkoi’s theory of the constant cone of 173
Moral effect of 191, 227
On charging cavalry 309
Number of rounds to be expended to accomplish a certain result 172
Oblique, effect of, against shielded batteries 324
Observation of 167
Pauses in 155
Preparation 149
Provisions of various regulations in re kinds of 158
Provisions of various regulations in re Time for opening 153
Rafale 164
Rate of 160
At various ranges 162
Versus waste of ammunition 161
Ricochets, effect of 185
Rifle-rests, influence of 178
Superiority of, in defense 427
Time for opening 147
General rules 155
On charging cavalry 308
Provisions of various regulations 153
Training, influence of, on efficacy of 168
Trial volleys 164
Volley, value of 157, 163
With counted cartridges 164
Withholding the 151
Wolozkoi’s theory of the constant cone of misses 173
FIRE AT SUCCESSIVE RANGES 321
FIRE EFFECT 167
As regards time 172
At medium ranges 151
Influence of the elevation selected, on 162
On artillery when unlimbering 326
On close order formations 102, 103
On thin and dense skirmish lines 77
Standard of measurement of the 168
FIRE FIGHT
Attack 368, 369, 461
Defense 427
Machine guns 283
Superiority of fire in attack 370-371
FIRE FOR EFFECT 320
FIRE OF POSITION 140
Infantry 85
Machine guns 85
FIRE WHILE IN MOTION 92, 381
Austrian experiments with 92
Examples of employment of 93
Losses when using 92
FIRING LINE
Advance in attack 366
Assembling the 97
Closing in 97
Dense 75
Prolonging the 96
Re-forming the 97
Reinforcing the, method of 96
Selection of line to be occupied by 138
Strength and density 75
Strength of the 139
Use of cover by the 138
FIRING TRENCHES 417, 419, 420
FIXING BAYONETS 372
Signal for, in assault 377
FLAGS, Guidon 62, 63
FLANK ATTACK
Separation from holding attack 361
France 455
FLANKS, protection of the, in defense 425
FOREGROUND, division into sections 411
FORMAL TACTICS 12
FORMATIONS 42
Advance through woods 332
Assembly 42, 454
Austria 49, 52, 58, 62, 69, 72
Battalion 67-73
Battle 43
Belgium 58
Brigade 73-74
England 58, 71
France 49, 65, 66, 70, 73, 454
Germany 47, 52, 57, 60, 62, 67, 68, 72
Infantry under artillery fire 318, 321-324
Influence of various rifles on density of 240
Italy 58, 70, 73
Japan 58, 70
Line and column, comparison of 43
Machine guns 273, 274
Austria 288
Germany 273, 274
Switzerland 287
Netherlands 58
Provisions of various regulations 69-71
Purpose of 42
Regiment 73, 74
Route 42
Russia 58, 62, 69, 73
Sweden 58
Switzerland 71
Tactical, importance of 108
Troops in rear of firing line 186
Vulnerability of various 181, 186, 187
Warding off a cavalry charge 302
FORTIFYING THE POSITION 415
Russia 422
FORTRESS WARFARE 13
FOURS, column of 58
Compared with column of squads 59
How formed 58
FRAMEWORK OF A POSITION 414
FRANCE
Advance guard, conduct of the 454
Advance in mass formation in attack 455
Advanced positions 413
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 480
Artillery fire, effect of 123, 124
Assembly (carré de division) 454
Assault 457
Attack 453
Artillery in the preparatory action 454
Formation
Attack Formation Battalion 457
Attack Formation Brigade 454
Attack Formation Division 457
Infantry preparation 454
Battalion, formation of the (with plate) 70
Company (plate) 49
Strength of (table) 35
Contre attaque 439
Coöperation of infantry and artillery 334
Counter-attack 378, 439, 458
In conjunction with a movement to the rear 434
Defense 458
Envelopment 363, 457
Fire, kinds of 159, 455
Fire pauses 156
Fire, time for opening 154
Flank attack 455
Frontage 241, 242
Front and facing distance 48
Group attack 255
Group combat 241, 242
Infantry combat 453-459
Infantry versus cavalry 315
Intrenching in attack 457
Intrenching, tool equipment (table) 39
Intrenchments 416
Kinds of fire 159, 455
Line of company columns 70
Load carried by soldier 40
Machine guns 290
Offensive return 458
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Platoon in 4-rank formation (with plates) 65, 66
Preparatory attack formation 455
Pure frontal attack 455
Rafale fire 164
Rencontre 339
Retour offensif 439
Rushes 90, 91
Signal detachments 248
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Supply of ammunition 475, 480
Supports, conduct in attack 456
Units of direction 219
Use of spade in attack 392, 457
Vulnerability of various formations 187
FRONTAGE
Army corps in attack 236
Attack 234
England 460
Austria 241
Battalion in attack and defense 236
Belgium 242
Brigade in attack 235, 399
Combat formations 222
Company in attack 235, 236
Company in Attack and defense 96
Company in Defense 236
Company in Rear guard action 236
Considerations governing in attack 229
Defense, factors governing in 232
Defense, Seeking a decision 233, 234
Defense, Temporary 233
England 242, 460
Examples 223, 237
France 241
Gaps in the line 239, 411
Italy 242
Japan 242
Maximum, when justifiable 235
Overextension of 238
Provisions of various regulations 241, 242
Regiment 236
Relation to distribution in depth 225
Resumé of most important points governing 241
Russia 242
Russo-Japanese War 239
Various battles 240
FRONTAL COUNTER-ATTACK 436
England 463
Examples of 437, 438
FRONT AND FACING DISTANCE in various countries (table) 48
G.
GAPS IN THE ATTACKING LINE 239
GAPS IN THE DEFENSIVE LINE 411
GATLING GUN 259
GENERAL RESERVE
Distance from defensive line 430
Interval from flank of defensive line 430
Position of the, in defense 411, 429
Strength in defense 431
GERMANY
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 476
Battalion, formations of the 67, 68
Broad column (plate) 67
Cavalry brigade, number of Eskadrons in 311
Column of platoons (plate) 62
Column of squads and route column (plate) 57
Company (plate) 47
Strength of (table) 35
Company column (plate) 60
Concentration, defense 205
Deep column (plate) 67, 68
Development for action, defense 207
Distribution in depth, defense 207
Eskadron, strength of 32
Fire, kinds of 158
Front and facing distance 48
Intrenching tool equipment (table) 39
Load carried by soldier 40
Machine guns—see Machine Guns
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Ranges, ascertaining 143
Rushes 90
Supply of ammunition 475, 476
“To form for attack,” definition 207
GROUND, influence of the 179
GROUP INTRENCHMENTS 417
England 462
Switzerland 467
GUARDS 22
GUIDON FLAGS 62, 63
Examples of the use of 355
H.
HATCHET, weight of the 40
HEADQUARTERS, distribution of work at 245
HELIOGRAPH, use of, on the battlefield 246
HISTORY—see Military History
HITS
Number of, obtained by various marksmen (table) 169
Curves of hits (plate) 170
Percentage of, standard of measurement of effect of fire 168
HOLDING ATTACK 357
Compared with delaying action 445
Separation from flank attack 361
Strength of 446
HOTCHKISS MACHINE GUN 260
HOWITZER
Heavy field 118
Light field 116
I.
INDIVIDUALISM, influence of, on tactics 201
INDIRECT FIRE 184
INFANTRY FIRE—see Fire
INFLUENCE OF THE GROUND 179
INFANTRY
Advance under artillery fire 318
Advance under fire, rules for 367
Attack
In Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 340-345
On dismounted cavalry 313
Combat
According to various drill regulations 448-467
Against artillery 316
Against Cavalry 301
Provisions of various regulations 314-315
Against Machine guns, general principles 268
In Russo-Japanese War 341
Value of, as compared with machine guns 267
Conduct under machine gun fire 269
Coöperation with artillery 351, 354
Cyclists 28, 29, 30
Deployment 201
For firing on charging cavalry 303
Élite 21
Equipment, weight of (table) in various armies 40
Fire, effect of, against shielded batteries 324, 325
Fire effect, as compared with machine guns 265
Fire of position 85
Firing on artillery in position 324
Formations for advancing under artillery fire 318, 321, 324
Importance and employment of 19-32
Japanese, tactics in Russo-Japanese War 341
Load carried 39
Local reconnaissance of the 248
Losses in Franco-German War 20
Percentage of 188
Manner of fighting 19, 20
Method of warding off a cavalry charge 304
Mounted infantry 25, 26, 27
Passage through artillery lines 316
Proportion to other arms 19
Relative strength as compared to cavalry 311
Russian, tactics in Russo-Japanese War 340
Screen for artillery 327
Tactical unit 32-34
Tactics in Russo-Japanese War 341
Time for opening fire on charging cavalry 308
INFANTRY COMBAT
Austria 448-450
England 459-463
France 453-459
Italy 451-453
Japan 463-465
Russia 466
Switzerland 466-467
INFANTRY SCREEN 327
INFORMATION OFFICERS 245
INSTRUCTION
Method of 7-13
Applicatory (or inductive) 10, 11
Deductive 11
Maneuvers 8, 12
Map problems 8, 11
Military history, study of 7, 8
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAMPAIGNS 15
INTERVAL
Between general reserve and flank of defensive line 430
Definition 47
INTRENCHING IN ATTACK
Austria 392, 449
England 392
France 392, 457
Germany 392
Japan 392, 465
Russia 392
Switzerland 466
INTRENCHING TOOL EQUIPMENT 38-40
In various armies (table) 39
INTRENCHING TOOLS
General rules for use in attack 393
Use of in attack 387
Provisions of various regulations 392, 393
INTRENCHMENTS
Battalion groups of 417
Communicating trenches 419, 421
Cover trenches 419, 421
Dimensions 418, 420
Dummy 421, 423
Field magazines 418
Firing trenches 417, 419, 420
Foreground, clearing the 421
Foreground, Observation of the 420
Masks 421
Narrow trenches 418
Obstacles, construction of 421
Purpose 416
Splinter proofs 418, 420
Traverses 417
IRON RATION, weight of 40
ITALY
Advance guard, conduct of the 451
Ammunition knapsacks 483
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 483
Assault 452
Attack 451
Battalion, formations of the 70
Company, strength of (table) 35
Coöperation of infantry and artillery 354
Counter-attack 453
Cyclists, rate of march of 29
Defense 453
Envelopment 362
Fire, kinds of 160
Fire, Time for opening 154
Frontage 242
Front and facing distance 48
Infantry combat 451-453
Intrenching tool equipment 39
Kinds of fire 451
Load carried by soldier 40
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Ranges, ascertaining 143
Rushes 91, 452
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Supply of ammunition 475, 483
Vulnerability of various formations 186
J.
JAPAN
Advance in skirmish line 76, 77
Advanced positions 465
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Assault 464
Attack 463
On a position prepared for defense 464
In Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 341, 342
Battalion, formations of the 70
Combat, characteristics of 341
Counter-attack 439
Defense 465
Fire, kinds of 160
Frontage 242
Front and facing distance 48
Infantry
Combat 463-465
Tactics in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 341
Versus cavalry 315
Intrenching in attack 392, 465
Kinds of fire 463
Load carried by soldier 40
Machine guns 290
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Pursuit 465
Rencontre 464
Rushes 91, 463
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Use of spade in attack 392, 466
JÄGER 21-23
K.
KAISERJÄGER 24
KINDS OF FIRE—see Fire
KNAPSACKS
Ammunition 483
Loss of 364
Weight of, in various armies (table) 40
L.
LEADERS
Conduct in action 399
Duties in action 399, 400, 401
Posts in action 399
LEADING—see Troop Leading
LESSONS OF THE BOER WAR, in re
Attack 340
Rushes 88, 89
LESSONS OF THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, in re
Attack 340
Fire control and fire direction 137
Formations under artillery fire 321-324
Rushes 89, 90
LINE
Comparison with column 42-45
Vulnerability of the 187
LINE FORMATION 73, 74
LINE OF COMPANY COLUMNS, French (with plate) 70
LINE OF PLATOONS, vulnerability of 186
LOCAL RECONNAISSANCE—see Reconnaissance
LONG RANGE FIRE 148, 150-153, 176
LOSSES
Artillery under infantry fire 326, 327
British, in Boer War 193
Examples 20, 36, 45, 50, 51, 153, 167, 168, 176, 178, 188, 189, 190, 193, 227, 312, 324
Franco-German War (by arm) 20
French Cuirassiers in charge at Vionville 312
In action 185
Infantry under artillery fire 324
Percentage of 186, 188, 189, 227
Produced by
Long range fire 176
Artillery and infantry fire, comparison 167, 168
Officers and men, comparison 189, 190
Skirmish line 81
When using fire while in motion 92
M.
MACHINE GUNS 259
Ammunition 261
Supply
Austria 288
Battery 273
England 290
Germany 273
Russia 291
Switzerland 284
Transportation of 270
Assignment to cavalry 296
Attack, employment in 365
Austria 288
Basket mount 261
Battery (Germany)
Ammunition supply 273
Column of platoons 273, 274
Combat train 276
Employment of 293
Field train 270
Fighting 270
Formations 273, 274
Movements and gaits 273
Order in line 273, 274
Organization 270
Relative combat value 273
Route column 273, 274
Section column 273, 274
Belts, ammunition 261
Cavalry 261
Colt 261
Column of platoons 273, 274
Combat
Against artillery 297
Against Cavalry 296
Of infantry against, general principles 268
Train 270
Value as compared with skirmishers 267
Companies
Germany 275
Russia 290
Switzerland 284
Cone of dispersion 264
Crawling into position (illustration) 277
Defense 414
Employment in 425
Development, historical 259
Employment of 263
English views on employment of 297
Examples of employment of 283
Feldl gun 219
Field train 270
Fighting battery 270
Fire 263
Austria 263
Comparison with infantry fire 265-267
Concentrated 263
Cone of dispersion 264
Effect of 264, 294
Germany 263
Kinds of 263, 287-288
Progressive 263
Rate of 261
Sweeping 263
Switzerland 263, 287
Formations
Austria 288
Germany 273, 274
Switzerland 287
Fire effect 264, 294
As compared with a body of skirmishers 265
Fire fight 283
Fire of position 85
France 290
Gatling 259
Germany 270
Going into position 276
Historical development 259
Hotchkiss 260
In position (illustration) 279
Intrenched (illustration) 281
Japan 290
Kinds of fire
Austria 263, 288
Germany 263
Switzerland 263, 287, 288
Mitrailleuse 259
Mountain batteries 288
Mounting, method of 261, 284
Organization
Austria 288
England 290
Germany 270, 271, 275
Russia 291
Switzerland 284
Order in line 273-274
Progressive fire 263
Russia 290
Schwarzlose 260
Searching fire 263
Section column 273, 274
Sled mount 261
Sweeping fire 263
Swiss views on employment of 299
Tripod mount 261
Various countries 284-293
Weights of various, with mounts 261
MAGAZINES—see Field Magazines
MAIN BODY, conduct in a rencontre 336
MAIN FIRING POSITION 369
MANEUVERS 8, 12
MAP PROBLEMS 8, 11
MARCH, rate of, cyclists 29
MARCHING, length of pace and 53
MARKSMANSHIP, value of 169
MASKS 421
Influence of 120
MATTOCK, weight of 40
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS, effect of, on range 145
METHOD OF INSTRUCTION—see Instruction
MILITARY HISTORY, EXAMPLES FROM
Abridged attack 330
Advance, impulse from the rear 95
Advanced positions 412
Attack on 348
Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 89, 90, 468, 474
Artillery fire diverted from proper objective by advancing infantry 327
Artillery supporting a cavalry charge 313
Artillery Under infantry fire 326-327
Assault 376, 409
Assaulting guidons, use of 355
Attack 340-345
Formation of a brigade 207
Battalions, strength of 36
Cavalry charges 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313
Changes of front 320, 321
Charge of French Cuirassiers of the Guard at Vionville 311
Close order formation, effect of fire on 102, 103
Column as attack formation 44, 45
Combats, duration of 178
Companies, consolidation of 36
Concentration for action 205, 209, 210
Counter-attack
After position is carried 433
Against a hostile flank 435, 436
Cover,
Construction of, in attack 344
Use of 257
Defensive position, location of 410
Deployment 206
Of reserves 369
Distribution in depth and frontage 222, 223, 226
Dummy trenches 421
Effect of danger 195-200
Effect of Fire on charging cavalry 308
Envelopment 357, 358, 359, 360, 361
Expenditure and supply of ammunition 468-474
Fatigue produced by continuous fire 155
Fire,
Effect of 132
Kinds of, used in Russo-Japanese War 157, 159
Kinds of, used in Russo-Turkish War 158, 159
Withholding the 151, 152
Fire control and fire direction, difficulties of 137
Fire effect on close order formations 102, 103
Fire pauses 156
Fire preparation 149
Fire support during an assault 380
Fire while in motion 93
Flank attack 357
Flanking fire 354
Formations suitable under fire 121
Formations suitable Under artillery fire 321, 322, 323, 324
Frontage 231, 232
And distribution in depth 237
In Russo-Japanese War 239
Of battalions at Mukden 211
Overextension of 238
Frontal counter attacks 437, 438
Gaps in the line 239
Improvised units, use of 197
Influence of various rifles on density of battle formations 24
Length of rushes and expenditure of ammunition 89-90
Lessons of the Boer War, in re attack 340
Lessons of the Russo-Japanese War, in re attack 340
Local reconnaissance 250, 253
Long range fire 149, 150, 151, 152, 153
Long range fire In defense 155
Losses 36, 50, 51, 153, 332
Percentage of 188, 189, 227
Produced by infantry and artillery fire 167
Produced by Long range fire 176
Relative, officers to men 189, 190
Under artillery fire 324
Machine guns, employment of 260, 275, 283, 289, 290
Masks, effect of 120
Mistakes caused by trumpet signals 42
Mixing of organizations 195, 226
Moral effect of a cavalry charge 306
Moral effect of Fire 426
Gen. Bennal’s impressions at Wörth 191
Moral effect of Fire On charging cavalry 309
Number of troops required for attack and defense 234
Passage through timber 333
Ranges, underestimation of 142
Removal of packs 364
Rencontre 339
Reserves, employment of 340, 395, 396, 397
Rushes, employment of 93, 94, 95
Rushes, Length of 89, 90
Sand bags, use of, in attack 344, 390
Study of 7-8
Surprise 208, 250, 252, 331, 340
Surrender of British troops in Boer War 192
Telephone communication at Mukden 247
Temperature, effect of 145
Trumpet signals, mistakes caused by 42
United attack, necessity of 402
Use of spade in attack 387, 388
Value of 8, 9, 10
Void of the battlefield 194
Volleys, use of 164
Woods, passage through 333
Wounds
Produced by cutting weapons 384
Character of 128, 129
MINOR TACTICS 12
MISSES, effect of; Wolozkoi’s theory 173
MITRAILLEUSE 259
MIXING OF ORGANIZATIONS 195, 226
How prevented 96, 97
MORAL EFFECT
Cavalry charge 306
Counter-attack 436
Fire 191, 227
On charging cavalry 309
MORAL FACTORS and discipline 107, 108
MOUNTAIN TROOPS 23
MOUNTAIN WARFARE 23
MOUNTED INFANTRY 25, 26, 27
MOUNTED MESSENGERS, use on battlefield 246
MUSICIANS
Duties in skirmish line 79
Posts in skirmish line 79
N.
NEEDLE GUN, compared with rifle, model 98, as regards flatness of trajectory 153
NETHERLANDS, column of fours 58
NIGHT ATTACKS, distribution in depth 233
NIGHT OPERATIONS, close order formations, importance of 104
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, posts of, in various armies 47
NORMAL ATTACK 203
v. Boguslawski’s views 204
Clausewitz’s views 204
v. Scherff’s views 205
NORMAL FORMATIONS, necessity for, in some countries 201
O.
OBSERVATION OF THE FOREGROUND 420
Compared with deliberately planned attack 334, 338
OBSERVATION STATIONS 421
OBSTACLES 422
OBUS ALLONGÉ 115
OFFENSIVE
Assumption of the 428
OFFENSIVE In defense 409
Spirit of the 109, 110
OFFENSIVE-DEFENSIVE 408
OFFENSIVE RETURN (France) 439, 458
OFFICERS
Demeanor, influence of 84
Losses among 50, 51
Franco-German War (by arm) 20
Relative to men 189, 190
OPEN COLUMN, depth of 47
ORDER IN LINE, machine gun batteries 273, 274
ORDERS 41
Combat 243, 244
Contents of 41
Issue of 41
In a rencontre 336
ORGANIZATION 34
Battalion 36, 37
Brigade 37, 38
Company 34, 35
In various armies (table) 35
Machine guns,
Austria 288
England 290
France 290
Germany 270
Japan 290
Russia 290
Switzerland 284
Mounted infantry (England) 26
Regiment 37
ORGANIZATIONS
Mixing of 195, 226
How prevented 96, 97
Use of improvised 197
P.
PACE
Diminution of length of, on various slopes 141
Length of, and marching 53
Length of, In various armies (table) 54
PACES, number of, per minute 54
PACKS, removal of 363, 364
PANIC 27, 107, 441
PASSIVE DEFENSE 408, 409
PATROLS 27
Combat 80
PEACE, eternal 1
PENETRATION, “S” bullet 131
PLATOON
Column of twos, vulnerability of 187
Commander, post in close order 63
Commander, post in Skirmish line 79
French 4-rank formation (with plates) 65, 66
Infantry, strength of the German 273
One-rank, vulnerability of the 187
PLATOONS
Column of (with plate) 61, 62
How formed 49
Machine gun battery 273, 274
Division of the company into 46
Three or four platoons 48
POSITION
Advance into a preparatory 350
Advanced 413
Battalion groups of intrenchments 417
Communicating trenches 421
Cover trenches 421
Determining factors in selecting a 414
Dummy intrenchments 421
Foreground, clearing the 421
Foreground, Division into sections 411
Foreground, Observation of the 420
Fortifying the 415
Framework of the 414
Gaps in the defensive 411
Intrenchments 418-422
Masks 421
Obstacles, construction of 421
Occupation of the 426
Rallying 442
Requisites of a defensive 410
Russian views in re defensive 422
Sections, divisions into 411
Temporary occupation 408
POSTS
Battalion commander in action 400
Commander in a rencontre 338
Company commander in action 400
Musicians in skirmish line 79, 80
Non-commissioned officers in close order 47
Platoon commanders in close order 63
Platoon commanders in Skirmish line 79
Range finders in close order 46, 47
Range finders in Skirmish line 79, 80
Squad leaders in close order 46, 47
Squad leaders in Skirmish line 79
Regimental commander in action 400
PREPARATION OF THE ASSAULT 352
PREPARATION OF THE ATTACK 346
By artillery, provisions of various regulations 354
PREPARATORY POSITION 350
PROGRESSIVE FIRE
Artillery 320
Machine guns 263
PURE FRONTAL ATTACK 357
France 455
PURSUIT 385
Japan 465
Q.
QUICK TIME, in various armies (table) 54
R.
RAFALE 158, 164
RALLYING POSITION 442
England 460
Occupation of the 443
RANGE
Altitude, effect of, on the 145
Ascertaining the 140
Pacing and galloping 141
Provisions of various regulations 143
Ascertaining the 140
Range finding instruments 146
Trial volleys 145
Error of estimation 141
Formulae for determining favorable range for firing against hill positions 183
Influence of error in estimating the 170
Influence of Knowledge of the 140
Meteorological conditions, effect of 145
Range finding instruments, permissible error 146
Trial volleys 145
RANGE FINDERS
Classification 143
Duties in machine gun detachments 283
Post in close order 46, 47
Post in Skirmish line 79, 80
RANGE FINDING INSTRUMENTS
Errors permissible 146
Principle of construction 146
RANGING—see Range
RANKS, influence of rate of fire upon the number of 46
RATIONS, weight of 40
REAR GUARD ACTION, frontage of a company in 236
RECONNAISSANCE
Companies 251
Detachments of all arms 251
In attack 346
In force 251, 347
Local, in attack 347
Local, Object of 250
Local, Of the infantry 248
Patrols and scouting detachments 27
REGIMENT 37
Cavalry, strength of German 273
Combat frontage 236
Formation for attack 214
Formations 73, 74
Importance 37
Organization 37
REGIMENTAL COMMANDER
Duties in action 400
Post in action 400
REGULATIONS—see Drill Regulations
REMOVAL OF PACKS 363, 364
RENCONTRE 333
Advance guard, conduct of the 334
Austria 448
Commander, position of 338
Conduct of main body 336
Examples of 339
Japan 464
Machine guns, examples of, in a 295, 338
Main body, launching of the 338
Orders, issue of 336
Provisions of various regulations 339
Use of echelon formation in 74
Switzerland 466
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT, influence of, on war 3
RESERVE
Employment of, in attack 394
Examples of employment of 340, 395, 396, 397
General, distance from defensive line 430
General, Interval from flank of defensive line 430
General, Position in defense 429
General, Strength of, in defense 431
In retreat 442
Launching or withholding the 396
Section 411
Size of, in various units 235
Strength of the (in attack and defense) 395
RETREAT
Direction of 440, 442
Rallying position 442
Reserve 442
RICOCHETS, effect of 185
RIFLE—see Rifles
RIFLEMEN 22
RIFLE-RESTS, influence of 178
RIFLES
Automatic 126
Influence of various, on density of battle formations (table) 240
Used in Russo-Japanese War 127
Weight of, in various armies (table) 40
ROAD SPACE—see Depth
ROUTE COLUMN (with plate) 57
Battalion in 72
Machine gun battery 273, 274
RUSHES
Advance by 82
Austria 449
England 462
Examples of the employment of 93, 94, 95
Gait to be employed in 82, 86
How made in various armies 90, 91
Italy 452
Japan 91, 463
Length of 83
Lessons of the Boer and Russo-Japanese Wars 88, 89, 90
Long or short 85, 86
Preparation for 83
Provisions of various regulations 90-91
Russia 91
Short or long 85, 86
Strength of the rushing unit 83
Time required for 83
RUSSIA
Advanced positions 413
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 480
Assault 381
Battalion, formations of the 69, 73
Column of platoons (plate) 62
Company, strength of (table) 35
Defensive position, views on 422
Fire, kinds of 160
Frontage 242
Front and facing distance 48
Infantry
Combat 466
Tactics in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 340
Versus cavalry 315
Intrenching tool equipment of Russian companies 38
Load carried by soldier 40
Machine guns 290
Pace, length and number per minute 54
Ranges, ascertaining 143
Rushes 91
Sandbag cover, results of experiments 390
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Supply of ammunition 475, 480
Use of general reserve 397
Use of Spade in attack 392
S.
“S” BULLET
Effect on corpses 130
Effect on Materials 131
Effect on Steel shields 324
SAND BAGS 344, 390
Results of Russian experiments 390
SCHWARZLOSE MACHINE GUN 260
SCOUTING DETACHMENTS 27, 28, 414
Use of, in reconnaissance 252
SEARCHING FIRE
Artillery 321
Machine guns 263
SECONDARY ATTACK 357
SECTIONS
Assignment of combat 243
Defensive position, division into combat 411
Division of the platoon into 46
SECTION COLUMN, machine gun battery 273, 274
SHARPSHOOTER PLATOONS 21
SHELL
Comparison between that of field gun and howitzer 117
Percussion (Model 96) 115
Time (Model 96) 116
Time (Model 98) 118
SHIELDS
Protection afforded by 324
SHRAPNEL
Comparison between that of field gun and howitzer 117
Effect (tables) 114, 122
On animate targets 125
Incendiary effect 112
Percussion 111, 112
Time 112
SIGNAL LAMPS, use of, on battlefield 246
SIGNALS 41
Advance 41
Assemble 41
Attention 41
Charge 41
Deploy 41
Employment of, by combat patrols 80
Fix bayonet 41, 377
Halt 41
Misunderstanding of 42
Trumpet 41
SITUATION, estimate of the 11
SKI DETACHMENTS 30, 31, 32
SKI RUNNERS 30, 31, 32
SKIRMISH LINES
Boer advance in thin 75
Cover, use of 256
Efficacy of fire against thin and dense (table) 77
Fire effect, as compared with machine guns 265
Formation of 78
In various armies 80
Gaits of 81
Japanese advance in thin 76, 77
Losses 81
Movements in 81, 82
Thin and dense 76, 77
Vulnerability of 186, 187
SNOW SHOE MARCHING 30, 31
SPADE
Use of, in attack 387, 388, 392, 449, 457, 465, 466
Small, weight of 40
SPLINTER PROOFS 418, 420
SQUAD LEADERS
Posts in close order 46, 47
Posts in Skirmish line 79
SQUADS
Column of, compared with column of fours 59
Column of, (Plate) 57
Division of the company into 46
Machine gun, composition and duties of members of (Germany) 283
STAFFS, division of work in 245
STRATEGY
Definitions of 4, 5, 6
Relation of tactics to 6, 7
SUPERIORITY OF FIRE 370, 371, 427
SUPPLY OF AMMUNITION
Austria 475, 479
Deductions from various regulations 483
England 475, 482
France 475, 480
Germany 475, 476
Italy 475, 483
Japan 475
Russia 475, 480
Various armies (table) 475
SUPPORTS 98, 99
Advance of 100
In attack 368
Advantages of 102
Arguments against 101, 102
Commander, duties of 100
Conduct, French regulations 455
Defense 410
Deployment in attack 369
Distance from firing line 98, 99
Duties 98
Formations 100
Movements 100
Necessity 98
Purpose 98
SURPRISE 330
Examples of 331
SURRENDER, British troops in Boer War 192
SWEDEN, column of fours 58
SWEEPING FIRE
Artillery 321
Machine guns 263
T.
TACTICAL FORMATIONS, Importance of 108
TACTICAL MISSIONS, compared with united action 401
TACTICAL UNIT 32, 33, 34
TACTICS
Applied 12, 13
Changes in 13, 14
Definitions of 4, 5, 6
Formal 12
Grand 12
Japanese infantry in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 341
Minor 12
Relation of strategy to 6-7
Russian infantry in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 340
TARGET, selection of a 147
TASKS
Assignment of 218
Dangers of assigning 405
TELEGRAPH, FIELD, use of, on battlefield 246
TELEPHONE, FIELD, use of, in infantry combat 246
TEMPORARY OCCUPATION of a position 408
TERRAIN, importance of 254
TIMBER, advance through 332
TRAINING and drill 105, 106
Influence of, on efficacy of fire 168
TRAVERSES 417
TRENCHES 416-420
Dimensions 418
TROOP LEADING
Duties of higher 366
Duties of Minor 365
TROOP UNIT 34
TRUMPET SIGNALS 41
TWOS, column of 56
U.
UNIFORM, color of, influence on visibility 119
UNITED ACTION
Compared with tactical missions 401
Dangers of 405
UNITED STATES, three-unit organization 38, 218
UNIVERSAL SERVICE, influence of, on war 4
USE OF SPADE IN ATTACK 387
Austria 449
France 457
Japan 465
Provisions of various regulations 392
Switzerland 466
V.
VOID OF THE BATTLEFIELD 194
VOLLEY
Value of the 157, 163
Trial 145
VULNERABILITY of various formations 186, 187
W.
WAR 2, 3, 4
Importance and necessity of 2
Influence of representative government in reducing number of wars 3
Influence of universal service on 4
Lessons of, in re attack 340
Lessons of, in re Rushes 88, 89
Purpose of 4
Ultimo ratio of state policy 2, 3
WEAPONS, changes and improvements in 13
WIGWAG FLAGS, use of, in infantry action 246
WIRE CUTTERS 39
WITHDRAWAL 441
Conduct of a 441
WOLOZKOI’S THEORY of the constant cone of misses 173
WOODS, advance through 332
WOUNDS
Produced by cutting weapons, (%) 384
Produced by Infantry and artillery fire, comparison 167
Produced by Jacketed bullets 129
Produced by Shrapnel bullets 125
Produced by Small arms in Russo-Japanese War, character of 127, 128
Z.
ZONE FIRE, artillery 320