K.

ACTINOMETER OBSERVATIONS.

The few actinometer observations which I was enabled to record, were made with two of these instruments constructed by Barrow, and had the bulbs of their thermometers plunged into the fluid of the chamber. They were taken with the greatest care, in conformity with all the rules laid down in the “Admiralty Guide,” and may, I think, be depended upon. In the Sikkim Himalaya, a cloudless day, and one admitting of more than a few hours’ consecutive observations, never occurs—a day fit for any observation at all is very, rare indeed. I may mention here that a small stock of ammonia-sulphate of copper in crystals should be supplied with this instrument, also a wire and brush for cleaning, and a bottle with liquid ammonia: all of which might be packed in the box.

Active 6.568. Time always mean.

Jillapahar, Dorjiling, Elev. 7,430 feet, Lat. 27° 3′ N., Long. 88° 13′ E.
A.—APRIL 19TH, 1850.   Watch slow 1′ 15″ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
8.00 to 8.13 a.m. 8.15 to 8.28 a.m. 9.00 to 9.13 a.m. 10.00 to 10.13 a.m. 11.00 to 11.13 a.m. Noon to 12.13 p.m. 1.00 to 1.13 p.m. 2.00 to 2.13 p.m.	11·1 15·0 17·7 19·1 19·0 18·8 17·2 17·4	65·5 69·5 71·5 72·5 75·0 75·0 73·3 74·0	9·9900 12·2645 14·5140 15·4710 14·9150 12·7600 13·8976 13·8330	22·960   22·948 22·947 22·946 22·944 22·939 22·914	53·5   56·0 57·0 58·5 60·3 59·4 60·3	33·8   37·2 39·7 38·2 44·8 40·7 44·1	19·7   18·8 17·3 20·3 15·5 18·7 16·2	·505   ·513 ·550 ·500 ·592 ·546 ·577	88·0 111·5 110·0 121·0 125·0 120·0 122·0 108·0	Day unexceptional, wind S.W., after 10 a.m. squally.       Dense haze over snowy mountains.

B.—APRIL 20TH.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
8.0 to 8.30 a.m. 9.0 to 9.13 a.m. 10.0 to 10.13 a.m.	11·8 17·8 18·8	64·0 73·3 65·0	10·9150 14·2750 14·7580	22·969 22·974 22·985	54·2 56·2 57·0	43·4 44·1 42·5	10·8 12·1 14·5	·691 ·662 ·609	74·0 92·0 92·0	Dense haze, S.E. wind, cloudless sky.

Superintendent’s House, Dorjiling, Elev. 6,932 feet.
C.—APRIL 21ST.   Watch slow 1′ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
8.35 to 8.48 a.m. 9.07 to 9.20 a.m. 10.00 to 10.13 a.m. 11.00 to 11.13 a.m.	17·3 20·9 23·9 24·4	65·0 72·7 77·3 81·0	15·7084 16·8872 18·3791 17·8864	23·447	56·4 63·8 60·8	47·6 49·9 49·2	8·8 13·9 11·6	·741 ·628 ·677	97.0 100·0 109·0 107·5	Day very fine, snowy mts. in dull red haze, wind S.E. faint.

Rampore Bauleah (Ganges). Elev. 130 feet, Lat. 24° 24′ N., Long. 88° 40′ E.
MAY 17TH, 1850.   Watch slow 15″ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
7.51 to 8.13 a.m. 9.03 to 9.17 a.m. 9.20 to 9.33 a.m. 11.15 to 11.28 a.m. 11.32 to 11.45 a.m. 1.20 to 1.33 p.m. 1.40 to 1.53 p.m.	13·0 19·5 21·2 21·1 16·5 21·6 21·4	88·0   96·0 107·0 105·0 108·7 108·5 113·7	8·8790 12·5190 12·7836 12·8499   9·8770 12·9348 12·4976	29·698   29·615   29·620	87·5 92·0 92·3 98·5 98·3 104·5   105·8	80·1 81·2 80·2 74·8 74·3 76·7 72·2	7·4 10·8 12·1 23·7 24·0 27·8 33·6	·793 ·715 ·687 ·478 ·475 ·425 ·355	91·0   83·8 132·0   98·5 142·0 144·0 134·0	S.E. wind, very hazy to west, sky pale blue. Wind west, rising.

Churra, Khasia Mountains. Elev. 4,225 feet, Lat. 25° 15′ N., Long. 91° 47′ E.
A.—NOVEMBER 4TH, 1850.   Watch slow 7′ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
6.20 to 6.30 a.m. 6.32 to 6.42 a.m. 7.55 to 8.05 a.m. 8.08 to 8.18 a.m. 8.20 to 8.30 a.m.	5·0   7·4 20·0 21·0 24·2	63·7 65·4 77·5 82·0 85·8	4·6400   6·6896 15·2400 15·2040 16·8432	25·781	57·8 59·0 63·5 64·4 64·8	53·1 54·8 56·9 57·3 59·5	4·7 4·2 6·6 7·1 5·3	·850 ·870 ·806 ·790 ·837	75·0   83·0 108·0 106·5 113·5	Sky faint blue, cloudless, wind S.W., clouding.

B.—NOVEMBER 5TH.   Watch slow 7′ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
6.39 to 6.49 a.m. 6.51 to 7.01 a.m. 7.56 to 8.06 a.m. 8.08 to 8.21 a.m. 9.26 to 9.36 a.m. 9.37 to 9.47 a.m. 10.57 to 11.07 a.m.	11·2 13·4 18·4 20·4 23·8 25·1 29·0	70·2 72·8 73·2 77·7 79·5 84·0 89·5	9·3408 10·8138 15·0161 15·4836 17·8072 17·7959 19·5460	59·4 60·5 61·7 63·3     66·7	57·6 57·8 57·7 58·7     60·8	1·8 2·7 4·0 4·6     5·9	·940 ·918 ·875 ·860     8·28	126·0	Wind S.W., clouds rise and disperse. Sky pale.

C.—NOVEMBER 6TH.   Watch slow 7′ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
6.05 to 6.18 a.m. 6.22 to 6.35 a.m. 6.38 to 6.51 a.m. 8.27 to 8.37 a.m. 8.39 to 8.52 a.m.	2·6 6·5 9·6 21·7   23·0	62·0 63·5 66·7 78·8 81·7	2·4986 6·0710 8·5152 16·2750   19·4750	25·781	56·5 57·0 61·0 64·2 64·5	54·5 55·1 57·4 59·3 59·4	2·0 1·9 3·6 4·9 5·1	·935 ·935 ·888 ·855 ·847	100·0 105·0	Sunrise, 6, pale yellow red, cloudless. Cirrhus below.

D.—NOVEMBER 14TH, 1850.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
6.12 to 6.22 a.m. 6.24 to 6.37 a.m. 7.13 to 7.23 a.m. 7.24 to 7.34 a.m. 8.34 to 8.44 a.m. 8.47 to 9.00 a.m. 9.53 to 10.03 a.m. 10.04 to 10.17 a.m. 11.24 to 11.31 a.m.	2·9   6·1 12·4 14·7 19·9 21·7 23·5 25·3 33·3	60·6 66·0 70·8 76·0 82·8 88·8 86·6 89·5 111·5	3·5988   5·4472 10·2672 11·4025 14·2653 14·7343 16·2620 17·0775 20·7014	25·783           25·832   25·819	51·5 52·7 56·5 57·8 59·8 60·5 67·2 67·0 64·6	49·4 50·3 52·3 53·1 50·8 51·6 61·6 58·8 59·0	2·1 2·4 4·2 4·7 9·0 8·9 5·6 8·2 5·6	·930 ·925 ·900 ·855 ·742 ·730 ·832 ·778 ·832	98·0 104·0 117·0 121·0 127·0 133·0 130·0	Thick cumulus low on plains. Sunrise yellow red. Cloudless.   Clouds rise.

E.—NOVEMBER 15TH, 1850.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.
9.53 to 10.06 a.m. 10.50 to 11.03 a.m. 11.31 to 11.44 a.m. 12.33 to 12.46 p.m. 1.07 to 1.21 p.m. 2.47 to 3.00 p.m. 3.48 to 4.00 p.m. 4.03 to 4.16 p.m.	25·8 26·1 28·5 30·9 29·1 21·1 16·7 16·2	78·0 80·5 84·0 91·5 90·5 75·0 73·0 75·0	17·5306 19·1835 20·2065 20·4267 20·4388 16·5635 13·4435 12·7170	25·854     25·844   25·808   25·803	63·0 64·0 65·3 65·8 67·0 67·2 62·0 61·5	55·3 52·8 51·9 51·2 49·6 56·6 50·8 50·5	8·7 11·2 13·4 14·6 17·4 10·6 11·2 11·0	·772 ·690 ·638 ·620 ·560 ·708 ·690 ·692	Sky cloudless. Wind N.E.

Silchar (Cachar). Elev. 116 feet, Lat. 24° 30′ N., Long. 93° E. (approximate)
NOVEMBER 26TH, 1850.   Watch slow 13′ 39″ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.
9.11 to 9.24 a.m. 9.34 to 9.41 a.m. 9.50 to 9.57 a.m. 10.07 to 10.14 a.m. 11.03 to 11.16 a.m. Noon to 12.03 p.m. 12.58 to 1.11 p.m. 2.51 to 3.04 p.m. 3.55 to 4.08 p.m. 4.09 to 4.22 p.m. 4.23 to 4.36 p.m.	19·4 22·7 25·3 26·5 26·3 26·4 27·6 23·0 17·6 15·5 12·0	69·0 81·0 87·5 91·5 89·0 90·0 94·0 93·0 91·5 93·5 93·7	16·4706 16·5937 17·3558 17·5695 17·5251 17·8144 17·9676 15·0880 11·6688 11·0215   7·8360	29·999     29·967   29·892   29·881	66·3   68·7 70·3 73·2 74·5 76·8 78·5 79·5 79·4 78·5	63·5   61·5 62·7 60·3 61·7 60·3 62·1 57·0 62·1 62·1	2·8     7·2   7·6 12·9 12·8 16·5 16·4 22·5 17·3 16·4	·860   ·788 ·780 ·657 ·658 ·586 ·588 ·480 ·570 ·588	Dense fog till 7.30 a.m. Wind north. Clear.   Wind N.E. Light cirrhus low.   Streaks of cirrhus aloft.   Sun sets in hazy cirrhus.

Chittagong, Elev. 200 feet, Lat. 22° 20′ N., Long. 91° 55′ E.
A.—DECEMBER 31ST, 1850.   Watch slow 3′ 45″ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
7.39 to 7.52 a.m. 8.40 to 8.53 a.m. 9.04 to 9.08 a.m. 9.52 to 9.56 a.m. 10.02 to 10.06 a.m. 11.16 to 11.29 a.m. 11.52 to 11.56 a.m. 1.38 to 1.41 p.m. 1.47 to 1.51 p.m. 3.10 to 3.17 p.m. 3.18 to 3.25 p.m.	10·0 21·3 23·2 24·3 25·1 24·3 26·6 24·7 25·4 21·1 19·3	70·0 91·5 89·5 87·3 90·5 84·5 92·6 84·0 90·7 86·0 89·3	8·3700 14·1219 15·6136 16·7341 16·7668 17·1558 17·5028 17·5123 16·8418 14·6645 13·0468	29·874   29·923     29·892     29·831	57·0 59·5 63·3 64·5 65·7 68·5 69·5 71·7   71·0	55·7 57·2 59·7 61·3 60·4 58·6 59·2 61·8   60·5	1·3 2·3 3·6 3·2 5·3 9·9 10·3   9·9   10·5	·960 ·920 ·890 ·900 ·840 ·722 ·710 ·720   ·710	127·0   142·0 148·0 150·0	Cloudless. Mountains clear. Wind N.N.E. Cool. Wind N.W.     Wind S.W.     Clouds about in patches.

B.—JANUARY 1, 1851.   Watch slow 3′ 45″ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
7.34 to 7.41 a.m. 8.38 to 8.45 a.m. 9.44 to 9.51 a.m. 10.46 to 10.53 a.m. 11.50 to 11.57 a.m. 12.06 to 12.13 p.m. 12.58 to 1.02 p.m. 1.45 to 1.52 p.m. 3.15 to 3.22 p.m. 4.27 to 4.34 p.m. 4.36 to 4.43 p.m. 4.45 to 4.52 p.m. 4.56 to 5.09 p.m. 5.12 to 5.18 p.m.	10·0 16·0 19·5 21·0 21·5 24·1 23·9 21·4 18·1 10·2   9·8   8·5   5·6   3·8	69·4 70·0 74·7 78·2 81·2 88·0 87·2 84·5 82·5 82·0 84·0 85·0 85·0 84·0	8·4200 13·3920 15·3660 15·8550 15·6950 16·4603 16·4432 15·0870 13·0320 7·3746 6·9482 5·9670 3·9312 2·6942	29·948   29·891     29·850     29·798         29·778	55·4 58·9 63·2 66·7 69·8 70·3 71·0 71·3 71·3 70·0     67·5 68·7	54·0 57·7 61·7 62·4 58·3 56·0 56·7 57·5 57·1 59·5     62·7 62·2	1·4 1·2 1·5 4·3 11·5   14·3   14·3   13·8   14·2   10·5       4·8 6·5	·953 ·970 ·960 ·870 ·688 ·625 ·625 ·633 ·625 ·708     ·855 ·810	104·5 115·0 120·0 117·0 122·5   117·0	Mist rises and drifts westward till 7.30 a.m.   Wind N.W., clouds rise.             Sunset cloudless.

C.—JANUARY 2, 1851.   Watch slow 3′ mean time.

Hour	Act.	Temp. Act.	Act. reduced	Barom.	Air	D.P.	Diff.	Sat.	Black Bulb
10.02 to 10.09 10.20 to 10.24 12.03 to 12.10 p.m. 12.22 to 12.25 p.m. 2.04 to 2.08 p.m. 2.10 to 2.14 p.m.	19·2 22·6 24·7 25·9 23·3 23·8	71·0 79·0 89·2 95·5 91·5 93·0	15·8592 16·9048 16·6972 18·6796 15·4479 15·6128	29·861 29·858	64·5 65·6 69·0 70·7 71·2	60·6 61·4 59·3 57·5 61·0	3·9 4·2 9·7 3·2 10·2	·878 ·872 ·728 ·650 ·718	116·0   119·0   112·0	Low, dense fog at sunrise, clear at 9 a.m. Hills hazy and horizon grey.