Abercromby, General, commands British corps in Minorca, 22.

Alesia, battle of, 86.

Alexander the Great, compared with Napoleon, 232.

Alison, Archibald, sets forth Napoleon's organizing ability, 228, 229.

Allies, plans of, seemed reasonable, 25;
advantages possessed by, 229.

Alps, description of, 18;
Swiss, Tyrolese, French, and Maritime, 19;
passes of, 19.

Apennines, description of, 19.

Archduke Charles, ablest soldier in Austria, 23, 50;
relieved of command, 23;
opposes Napoleon in 1809, 38;
quotation from, 45;
his views sound, 50;
should have been allowed his way, 51;
had constructed an intrenched camp at Ulm, 94;
reference to, 107;
defeats the Republicans, 228.

Arcole, battle of, 17, 76;
campaign of, 33.

Army of Italy, struggles heroically, 18;
strength and position of, 21, 55, 79-80, 229;
line of communication of, 21;
necessity for its remaining along the Apennines, 46;
in a destitute condition, 55;
is cut in two, 63;
its active operations terminate, 72;
nothing done to improve condition of, 88;
sufferings of, 89.

Army of Reserve, the third army, 18;
scattered throughout France, 22;
destination of, to be kept secret, 28;
caricatured 29;
concentrates, 29;
will cross the Alps, 29;
could re-enforce either Moreau or Masséna, 31, 216;
not imaginary, 74;
strong enough at vital point, 90;
crosses the Alps, 142;
passes Fort Bard, 145;
strength and position of, 229.

Army of the Rhine, re-enforcement sent to, 18;
size of, and position of, 20, 229.

Aulic Council, description of, 23;
reference to, 42;
errors of, 51;
ignorant of military matters, 51;
reasons for failure of, 52;
gives orders to Kray, 111;
informs Melas that Army of Reserve is a mere fiction, 148;
sends despatches to Melas, 156, 162.

Austerlitz, battle of, 39.

Austria, wages war against France, 15;
successful on the land, 16, 41;
assisted by England, 16;
aided by Russia, 16;
had almost reconquered Italy, 17;
spies of, gather at Dijon, 29;
directs Melas to take offensive, 41;
not aware of existence of Army of Reserve, 42;
should take the offensive in Germany, 45;
might have avoided error, 46.

Austrians, must outnumber the French to succeed, 43;
discipline and morale of, 54.


Bard, fort of, 143;
is surrendered to the French, 150.

Bassano, battle of, 76.

Berthier, General, is sent forward, 142;
directs operations along the Po, 155;
made nominal commander in chief, 216;
became a marshal, 226.

Bethencourt, descends the Simplon, 146;
arrives at Arona, 150.

Black Forest, description of, 92;
mountain system of, 110.

Blucher, opposes Napoleon in 1814, 33.

Bochetta, pass of, 19.

Bonaparte, First Consul, returns to France from Egypt, 15;
collects Russian prisoners, 16;
detaches Russia from alliance, 16;
his absence in Egypt, 16;
his victories in 1796-97, 17;
became First Consul, 17;
prepared for war, 17;
magic of his name, 17;
his energy, 17;
his chance of success small, 22;
had full control of military operations, 22;
his achievements in Italy and Egypt, 22;
his plans, 25;
first plan, 25;
rivalry between him and Moreau, 26;
Victory his object, 27;
wishes to dazzle the French people, 27;
second plan, 27;
will emulate Hannibal, 30;
could re-enforce Masséna or Moreau, 31;
would have had the advantage of interior lines, 32;
defeated the Austrians at Arcole and Rivoli, 33;
as the situation appeared to him, 34, 52;
could use either France or Switzerland as a base, 34;
could decide the fate of the Austrians in a single battle, 36;
could compel the Austrian Emperor to make peace, 36;
his plan difficult, 36;
his advantages in Italy, 39;
important for him to deceive Melas, 40;
could assemble his forces and decide the fate of Italy by a single battle, 40;
important that he should take the offensive, 44;
writes to Masséna, 57, 85, 226;
must hurry across the Alps, 66;
sends Moreau instructions, 67;
advances, 67;
enters Milan, 70;
methods of, in the treatment of fortresses, 76;
might have been obliged to change his plan, 83;
his plan, 84-85;
the problem before him, 87-88;
if necessary, would sacrifice Masséna, 90;
nature was his re-enforcement, 90;
marches on to victory, 91;
submits a plan to Moreau, 95;
tried to convince Moreau, 97;
replies to General Dessoles, 97;
makes an agreement with Moreau, 98;
urges Moreau to hasten, 100;
his plan compared to that of Moreau, 117, 119, et seq.;
makes preparations to cross Rhine, 123;
his chances of success in Germany, 134, 135;
anxiously awaits developments, 136;
leaves Paris, 136;
prepares to cross the Alps, 137;
his plan, 137, 138;
his knowledge of his adversaries' positions, 139;
is surprised, 144;
crosses the Alps, 145;
studies his maps, 145;
hurries to Fort Bard, 145;
marches on Milan, 149;
seizes crossings of the Po, 150;
delays at Milan, 150;
receives news of Masséna's surrender, 156;
arrives at Montebello and prepares for battle, 158;
advances towards Marengo, 159;
detaches Desaix, 160;
loses touch of his adversary, 161;
arrives on the battle-field of Marengo, 166;
retreats, 167;
is defeated, 167;
forms a new line of battle, 170;
forces the Austrians back to Marengo, 171;
receives surrender of Melas, 172;
his operations worthy of careful study, 176;
gained northern Italy, 177;
the plans which he might have adopted, 178;
deceived Melas, 179, 180;
is not deterred from his undertaking, 181;
his reasons for taking this course, 181, 182;
commits an error, 184, 199;
the problem before him, 184, 195;
his reasons for not marching through Switzerland, 187;
criticisms of, 190, 191;
his critical manœuvre, 192-194;
his strong position, 195, 196, 197;
anxious for fear Melas might escape, 199;
in a state of doubt, 199;
risks too much, 200, 220;
courses that he might have taken, 201-203;
his chances of success on another field, 203;
his brilliant strategy, 204;
his reasons for advancing to Marengo, 206-208;
was surprised and deceived, 207-209, 213;
hastens the return of Desaix, 210;
defeated the Austrians in detail, 213;
his merit at Marengo, 214;
fortune favored him, 214, 215;
his operations faulty in execution, 215;
was the real commander of the Army of Reserve, 216;
was prepared for any contingency, 217;
his caution, 217-219;
his boldness, 219;
his activity and care, 221, 222;
his judgment in selecting his subordinates, 223;
his knowledge of his adversaries' doings, 226;
his brain the birthplace of victory, 230;
his success due to his genius, 230;
his characteristics, 230-232.

Bourrienne, extract from his "Memoirs of Napoleon," 139.

Brenner, pass of, 26.


Cæsar, compared with Napoleon, 232.

Campaign of 1814, example from, 33.

Campaign of 1796-97, example from, 33;
reference to, 47, 227.

Carnot, minister of war, sent to Moreau's headquarters, 108.

Castiglione, battle of, 17, 76.

Chabran, General, commands a corps under Bonaparte, 142;
crosses the Alps, 142.

Champeaux, General, commands cavalry brigade at Marengo, 164, 170.

Clairfait, General, defeats the Republicans, 228.

Col di Cadibona, pass of, 19.

Col di Ormea, pass of, 19.

Col di Tenda, pass of, 19.

Comments, on the strategical situation, 30, et seq.;
on the operations of Masséna and Melas, 72, et seq.;
on Moreau's operations in Germany, 109, et seq.;
on Bonaparte's operations in Italy, 173, et seq.;
general, 216, et seq.


Danube, river, description of, 20.

Davoust, became one of Napoleon's marshals, 226.

Dego, battle of, 48.

Desaix, General, arrives at the French headquarters, 159;
marches on Novi, 160;
returns and advises Bonaparte to fight, 170;
assaults Zach, 171;
is killed, 172;
marches to the sound of the cannon, 211, 214;
compared with Grouchy, 211;
how ranked by Napoleon, 225;
mentioned by Napoleon on his death-bed, 232.

Dessoles, General, Moreau's chief of staff, 97;
gives advice to Bonaparte, 97.

Duhesme, General, commands a corps under Bonaparte, 142;
marches on Milan, 149.

Dumas, quotation from his life of Napoleon, 208.


Elsnitz, General, proceeds against Suchet, 63, 147;
drove Suchet back, 65;
is ordered to quit the Var, 70;
quits the Var, 153;
is defeated and retreats, 154;
commands reserve at Marengo, 164, 165.

Engen, battle of, 104;
loss at, 105.

England, wages war against France, 15;
is successful on the sea, 16;
spies of, gather at Dijon, 29;
army of, 75.


France, stands alone against coalition, 15;
in a deplorable state, 17;
civil war in, 17.

Frederick the Great, might have failed, 49;
reference to, 223;
compared with Napoleon, 232.

French, occupy a more favorable position, 43.

Front to a flank, definition of, 193.


Genoa, a strongly fortified place, 56;
provisions scarce in, 58;
description of, and its fortifications, 61;
siege of, 63, et seq.

Grouchy, Marshal, compared with Desaix, 211.


Haddick, General, occupies valley of Aosta, 146, 147;
attacks at Marengo, 163.

Hamley, General, his remarks on the operations in Germany, 115, 118, 121;
quotation from, 129, 195, 201, 219.

Hannibal, Bonaparte follows in footsteps of, 27, 30, 131, 143.

Hart, Colonel, quotation from, 197;
his remarks on the errors at Marengo, 210.

Hohenzollern, General, advances on Bochetta Pass, 59;
is repulsed, 59.


Italy, might be reconquered at Vienna, 26.


Jomini, General, quotation from, 37, 52, 179;
his remarks on the passage of a river, 124.


Kaim, General, watches the passes of the Alps, 58;
holds Susa, 146, 147;
attacks at Marengo, 163;
follows General Zach, 169.

Keith, Admiral, commands British fleet in Gulf of Genoa, 22.

Kellerman, General, commands cavalry brigade at Marengo, 164, 170;
attacks Austrian cavalry, 171.

Kienmayer, General, guards defiles of Black Forest, 93;
remains in Kinzig Valley, 102;
descends the Danube, 105.

Kléber, General, how ranked by Napoleon, 225.

Kray, Marshal, commanded Austrian army, 20;
was to remain on the defensive, 23;
was deceived, 29;
his army separated from that of Melas, 30;
must lose his communications if defeated, 35;
his army widely dispersed, 37;
gave Bonaparte an advantage, 43;
lacked military ability, 49;
commands main body in Germany, 94;
hears of Moreau's movements, 100;
re-enforces Kienmayer, 100;
moves on Loffingen and Zollhaus, 102;
appreciates his faulty position, 103;
attempts to unite his forces at Stokach, 103;
at Engen, 104;
unites his forces at Mosskirch, 105;
crosses the Danube, 106;
marches on Ulm, 107, 108;
his strength and losses, 107;
position of his troops, 110;
commits an error, 111, 112, 114;
faulty arrangement of his forces, 111-117;
outgenerals Moreau, 130;
position of his army, 229.


Lamartine, quotation from, 231.

Lannes, General, commands a corps under Bonaparte, 142;
crosses the Alps, 142;
is checked at Fort Bard, 144;
passes the fort, 145;
defeats Haddick, 146;
captures Pavia, 150;
crosses the Po, 155;
fights battle of Montebello, 157;
secured the title of "Duke of Montebello," 158;
at Marengo, 164, et seq.;
was badly shattered, 213;
became a marshal, 226.

Lecourbe, General, commands Moreau's right wing, 93;
marches on Stokach, 103;
is victorious, 104;
delays there to await Moreau's operations, 104;
captures Memmingen, 107.

Lincoln, Abraham, virtues of, 90.

Lodi, battle of, 17.

Lonato, battle of, 76.


Macdougall, Colonel, criticizes operations in Germany, 116.

Mack, General, his army captured by Napoleon, 38.

Mantua, fortress of, location of, 72.

Marengo, campaign of, 88, 173;
plain of, 163;
battle of, 163, et seq.;
opposing forces at, 212.

Marescot, General, reports on the passes of the Alps, 137.

Marlborough, Duke of, compared with Napoleon, 232.

Marmont, General, became a marshal, 226.

Masséna, General, takes command of Army of Italy, 18;
to remain on the defensive, 25;
had the advantage of a strong position, 42, 43;
could not have driven Melas through Italy, 48;
brings about better discipline, 55;
holds Genoa, 56;
his difficulties, 57-58;
failed to appreciate the advantages of Bonaparte's plan, 58;
in a precarious situation, 60;
was surrounded, 60;
not discouraged, 60;
his plan, 61, 64;
attacks General Ott, 62;
advances towards Nice, 62;
is again repulsed, 62;
heroic deeds of, 63;
resolves to hold Genoa at all hazards, 63;
urges the First Consul to hasten, 63;
has hope, 64;
strength of his forces, 64;
fought fiercely, 65;