[257] Howe the douty Duke of Albany, &c.] From Marshe’s ed. of Skelton’s Workes, 1568.
[258] so] Qy. “sore?”
[259] thousande] Ed. “thausande.”
[260] thy dogge] Qy. “thé, dogge?” but see notes.
[261] Nor no batayle, &c.] The Editor of 1736 chose to give this passage thus;
[262] hors] Ed. “fors.”
[263] pounde] Ed. “pouned.”
[264] saue] Ed. “saua.”
[265] faytes] Qy. “factes?”
[266] frugalite] Ed. “fragalite.”
[267] And to spende, &c.] This line and the next transposed in ed.
[268] worlde] Ed. “worlds.”
[269] Skelton Laureat, obsequious et loyall] Perhaps these words are a portion of the superscription to the Lenuoy which follows. The Lenuoy itself does not, I apprehend, belong to the poem on the Duke of Albany. See Account of Skelton, &c.
Page 1. “Indeed if he well weighed that Epitaph of King Edward the fourth, made by Skelton, which I find inserted amongst the vnprinted Workes of Lydgate, he would be more modest in this kinde.” Qvaternio, 1633, p. 239, by Nash, who cites a considerable portion of this poem from a MS.—Lydgate could not have been alive at the period of Edward’s decease: see Warton’s Hist. of E.P. ii. 51. ed. 4to. (note), Ritson’s Bibl. Poet., &c.
Edward the Fourth died April 9th, 1483, in the 41st year of his age and the 23d of his reign: see Sir H. Nicolas’s Chron. of Hist. pp. 325, 349, sec. ed. These lines were probably composed soon after the king’s death—per Skeltonidem laureatum having been subsequently added to the title.
v. 8. lykynge] i. e. joy, pleasure.
Page 2. v. 22. a chery fayre] If this is to be understood as cherry-fair (which I think doubtful), the line ought to be pointed,
The first of the following parallel passages is cited by Richardson in his Dict. under Cherry (as also from the same work of Gower,
and Mr. Halliwell has obligingly forwarded to me a letter from one of his friends, who states that “cherry-wakes or cherry-fairs used not long since to be held in Worcestershire on Sunday-evenings after divine service, and that in his own village there were three in the season, one for the early cherries, and two others for those of later growth.”
Page 2. v. 28. to contribute Fraunce] i. e. to take tribute of France. In 1475 Edward withdrew from France with his army on condition that Louis should pay him immediately 75 thousand crowns, settle on him an annuity for life of 50 thousand more, &c. See Lingard’s Hist. of Engl. v. 303. ed. 8vo.
v. 35. as who sayth] A not unfrequent expression in our early poetry, equivalent to—as one may say, as the saying is.
Page 3. v. 37. I se wyll, they leve that doble my ȝeris] i. e. I see well, that they live that double my years.
v. 38. This dealid this world] i. e. Thus dealed this world. Skelton elsewhere, like many of our old poets, uses this for thus; as in his Ware the Hauke;
v. 40. Had I wyst] i. e. Had I known,—the exclamation of one who repents of a thing done unadvisedly. It is very common in our early poetry. In The Paradyse of daynty deuises, 1576, the second copy of verses is entitled Beware of had I wyst.
v. 52. occupy] i. e. possess,—or, rather, use: “Surgyons occupy oyntmentes, &c., Vulnarii medici vtuntur,” &c. Hormanni Vulgaria, sig. I. vi. ed. 1530.
v. 53. I made the Tower stronge] “Edward iv ... fortified the Tower, and made it strong.” Stow’s Survey, B. i. 79. ed. 1720.
v. 54. I purchased Tetersall] I have not found elsewhere any mention of Edward the Fourth having possessed Tattershall Castle in Lincolnshire. “It does not appear into whose hands the Tattershall estate fell after the death of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell [in 1455], until the year 1487, when Henry VII. granted the manor to his mother Margaret Countess of Richmond,” &c. Hist. of the County of Lincoln, ii. 73.
v. 55. I amendid Douer] “K. Edw. iv., by the advice of Lord Cobham, expended 10,000l. in repairing and fortifying the several works, and beautifying the apartments in it [Dover Castle].” Hasted’s Hist. of Kent, iv. 63.
Page 3. v. 56. And London I prouoked to fortify the wall]—prouoked, i. e. incited, caused.—“In the Seventeenth of Edward iv., Ralph Josceline, Maior, caused part of the Wall about the City to be repaired, to wit, between Aldgate and Aldersgate,” &c. Stow’s Survey, B. I. 10. ed. 1720.
v. 57. I made Notingam a place full royall] Leland, describing Nottingham Castle, says; “But the moste bewtifullest Part and gallant Building for lodgyng is on the Northe side, wher Edward the 4. began a right sumptuus pece of Stone Work, of the which he clerely finichid one excellent goodly Toure of 3. Hightes yn Building, and brought up the other Part likewise from the Foundation with Stone and mervelus fair cumpacid Windoes to layyng of the first soyle for Chambers and ther lefte.” Itin. i. 107. ed. 1770.
v. 58. Wyndsore] “The present magnificent fabrick [St. George’s Chapel at Windsor], which exhibits one of the most beautiful specimens in this or any other kingdom, of that richly ornamented species of architecture, which prevailed towards the close of the fifteenth and the commencement of the 16th century, was begun by King Edward IV., who having found it necessary to take down the old chapel on account of its decayed state, resolved to build another on the same site, upon a larger scale, and committed the superintendence of the building to Richard Beauchamp, bishop of Salisbury. The work was not completed till the reign of King Henry VIII.,” &c. Lysons’s Berkshire, p. 424: see too p. 468 of the same volume.—An account of the manors, &c., granted by Edward to Windsor College, will be found in Pote’s Hist. of Wind. Castle, p. 107.
—— Eltam] “K. Edw. iv. repaired this house [Eltham Palace] with much cost, and inclosed Horne-Park,” &c. Hasted’s Hist. of Kent, i. 51.
Page 4. v. 64. solas] i. e. sport, amusement.
v. 66. Lady Bes] Edward married, May 1st, 1464, the Lady Elizabeth Grey, widow of Sir John Grey, and daughter of Wydevile Lord Rivers by Jacquetta (or Jacqueline) Duchess of Bedford.
v. 70. But Windsore alone, now I haue no mo]—mo, i. e. more.—“He [Edward IV.] lies buried at Windsor, in the new Chappel (whose Foundation himself had laid, being all the Works of Piety by him left) under a Monument of Steel, polish’d and gilt, [iron gilt—see Lysons’s Berkshire, p. 210.], representing a Pair of Gates, betwixt Two Towers, all of curious transparent Workmanship after the Gothick Manner, which is placed in the North-Arch, faced through with Touch-Stone, near to the High-Altar.” Sandford’s Geneal. Hist. p. 413. ed. 1707.
Page 4. v. 73.
—stercorry, i. e. dung: frete, i. e. eat, devour: heare, i. e. hair.—In cap. iii. of Meditationes piissimæ de cognitione humanæ conditionis, a piece attributed to Saint Bernard, we find, “Nihil aliud est homo, quam sperma fœtidum, saccus stercorum, cibus vermium.... Cur ergo superbis homo.... Quid superbis pulvis et cinis,” &c. Bernardi Opp. ii. 335-36. ed. 1719. In a Rythmus de contemptu mundi, attributed to the same saint, are these lines;
(This Rythmus is printed by Mr. Wright among The Latin Poems attributed to Walter Mapes, p. 147.) So also Lydgate in a poem on the mutability of human affairs;
—of wyt the well: so in Cæsar Augustus;
“Of witt art thou the welle.”—Townely Mysteries, p. 68.
v. 85. I haue played my pageyond] i. e. I have played my pageant,—my part on the stage of life. Compare
“To playe this parte or padgeant.” Palsgrave’s Acolastus, 1540, sig. S.—The word pageant was originally applied to the temporary erections (sometimes placed upon wheels) on which miracle-plays were exhibited, afterwards to the exhibition itself. See Sharp’s Diss. on Coventry Pag. and Myst., p. 2; Collier’s Hist. of Engl. Dram. Poet., ii. 151.
Page 4. v. 86. yeld] i. e. eld, age.
Page 5. v. 87. This] i. e. Thus: see note on v. 38.
Page 6. v. 3. leonis] See note on v. 109 of next poem.
This elegy must have been written soon after the earl’s murder: see v. 162.—“The subject of this poem ... is the death of Henry Percy, fourth earl of Northumberland, who fell a victim to the avarice of Henry vii. In 1489 the parliament had granted the king a subsidy for carrying on the war in Bretagne. This tax was found so heavy in the North, that the whole country was in a flame. The E. of Northumberland, then lord lieutenant for Yorkshire, wrote to inform the king of the discontent, and praying an abatement. But nothing is so unrelenting as avarice: the king wrote back that not a penny should be abated. This message being delivered by the earl with too little caution, the populace rose, and, supposing him to be the promoter of their calamity, broke into his house, and murdered him, with several of his attendants, who yet are charged by Skelton with being backward in their duty on this occasion. This melancholy event happened at the earl’s seat at Cocklodge, near Thirske, in Yorkshire, April 28, 1489. See Lord Bacon, &c. If the reader does not find much poetical merit in this old poem (which yet is one of Skelton’s best [?]), he will see a striking picture of the state and magnificence kept up by our ancient nobility during the feudal times. This great earl is described here as having, among his menial servants, KNIGHTS, SQUIRES, and even BARONS: see v. 32, 183, &c., which, however different from modern manners, was formerly not unusual with our greater Barons, whose castles had all the splendour and offices of a royal court, before the Laws against Retainers abridged and limited the number of their attendants.” Percy.
Page 6. v. 4. Of the bloud royall descending nobelly] “The mother of Henry, first Earl of Northumberland, was Mary daughter to Henry E. of Lancaster, whose father Edmond was second son of K. Henry iii. The mother and wife of the second Earl of Northumberland were both lineal descendants of K. Edward iii. The Percys also were lineally descended from the Emperour Charlemagne and the ancient Kings of France, by his ancestor Josceline de Lovain (son of Godfrey Duke of Brabant), who took the name of Percy on marrying the heiress of that house in the reign of Hen. ii. Vid. Camdeni Britan., Edmondson, &c.” Percy.
v. 6. again] i. e. against.
Page 7. v. 14. Elyconys] i. e. Helicon’s.
v. 16. astate] i. e. estate, high rank.
v. 20. nobles] i. e. nobless, nobleness.
v. 21. dites] i. e. ditties.
v. 24. hastarddis] “i. e. perhaps, hasty, rash fellows.” Percy.—Jamieson gives “Hastard. Irascible.” Et. Dict. of Scot. Lang.
—— tene] i. e. wrath.
v. 26. Confetered] i. e. Confederated.
v. 27. slee] i. e. slay.
v. 30. ken] i. e. know.
v. 34. karlis of kind] i. e. churls by nature.
v. 35. slo] i. e. slay.
Page 8. v. 40. bode] i. e. abode.
v. 41. glose] “i. e. set a false gloss or colour.” Percy.
v. 43. redouted] i. e. dreaded.
v. 45. great estates] i. e. persons of great estate or rank.
—— lowted] i. e. bowed, made obeisance.
v. 46. mayny] i. e. train, company, set.
v. 48. paues] i. e. shield (properly a large shield covering the body).
v. 49. mot] i. e. may.
v. 51. fyll] i. e. fell.
v. 53. agayne] i. e. against.
v. 59. worshyp] i. e. honour, respectability.
v. 62. againe] i. e. against (and so in the next line).
v. 63. slee] i. e. slay.
Page 9. v. 71. fals packing] i. e. false dealing (packing is—iniquitous combination, collusion, for evil purposes, for deceiving, &c.).
v. 73. occupied] i. e. used: see note, p. 86, v. 52.
—— shilde] i. e. shield.
v. 78. renyed] i. e. refused.
v. 81. buskt them] “i. e. prepared themselves, made themselves ready.” Percy. Rather,—hied.
Page 9. v. 81. bushment] i. e. ambushment.
—— baile] i. e. sorrow, trouble.
v. 82. Againe] i. e. Against.
—— wring] “i. e. contend with violence.” Percy.
v. 84. forsed] i. e. regarded.
v. 87. Presed] i. e. Pressed.
v. 88. faught them agagne] i. e. fought against them.
Page 10. v. 96. whose] i. e. whoso.
v. 98. sort] i. e. set, band.
v. 100. wode] i. e. frantic, wild.
v. 102. gode] i. e. good.
v. 106. spylt] i. e. destroyed.
v. 109. The myghty lyon] “Alluding to his crest and supporters.” Percy.
—— doutted] i. e. dreaded.
v. 115. shoke] i. e. shook.
Page 11. v. 118. mysuryd] “i. e. misused, applied to a bad purpose.” Percy.
v. 123. sleest] i. e. slayest.
v. 125. enharpit of mortall drede] “i. e. hooked, or edged with mortal dread.” Percy.
v. 126. kit] i. e. cut.
v. 128. aureat] i. e. golden, excellent.
—— ellumynynge] i. e. embellishing.
v. 131. fuyson] i. e. abundance.
v. 134. Paregall] i. e. Equal (thoroughly equal).
v. 135. Surmountinge] i. e. Surpassing.
v. 136. reporte me] i. e. refer.
v. 142. enkankered] i. e. corroded.
v. 143. worshiply] i. e. honourably.
v. 145. supprised] i. e. overpowered, smitten.
—— lust] i. e. liking, desire.
Page 12. v. 151. Tretory] i. e. Traitory, treachery.
v. 152. holl] i. e. whole.
v. 154. sle] i. e. slay.
v. 155. hole quere] i. e. whole quire.
v. 160. holy] i. e. wholly.
v. 162. yonge lyon] See note on v. 109. The fifth Earl of Northumberland was only eleven years old at his father’s death.
v. 166. Agayn] i. e. Against.
v. 172. faytors] “i. e. deceivers, dissemblers.” Percy.—“Faytoure, Fictor, Simulator.” Prompt. Parv. ed. 1499.
Page 12. v. 176. chere] i. e. countenance, or (as it may mean here) spirit.
Page 13. v. 179. Algife] i. e. Although.
—— thorow saught] i. e. sought through.
v. 181. complayne] i. e. lament for.
v. 186. worshyply] i. e. honourably.
v. 195. finaunce] i. e. fine, forfeiture.
v. 196. from the fendys pray] “i. e. from being the prey of the fiends.” Percy.
v. 199. eterminable] i. e. interminable.
Page 14. v. 212. hole sorte] i. e. whole company.
v. 213. mot] i. e. may.
—— ad magistrum Rukshaw] The person here addressed was perhaps “William Rowkshaw, priest,” by whom a letter, dated from the Gilbertine priory of Watton in the east riding of Yorkshire, is printed among the Plumpton Correspondence, p. 82. Camd. Soc. ed.
Page 15. Coystrowne (which Skelton uses again in his poem Howe the douty Duke of Albany, &c., v. 171. vol. ii. 73., and has Latinized in his Speke, Parot, v. 125. vol. ii. 7.) is written by Chaucer quistron;
Urry renders it—a beggar (Fr. questeur); but Tyrwhitt observes, “I rather believe it signifies a scullion, un garçon de cuisine.” Gloss. to C.T.—Douce says that Tyrwhitt’s explanation is correct, citing the words “un quistron de sa cusyne” from the prose French chronicle of the Brut of England, and Caxton’s version of them, “a knave of his kychen.” See Gloss. to Weber’s Met. Rom.—Roquefort has “Questron: bâtard, enfant d’une prostituée.” Gloss. de la Lang. Rom.—In Scottish poetry custroun occurs several times: see Jamieson’s Et. Dict. of Scot. Lang. and Suppl., where are various conjectures on the derivation and meaning of the word.
In Prompt. Parv. we find “Cowntryn in songe. Occento.” ed. 1499. To counter is properly—to sing an extemporaneous part upon the plain chant. Skelton uses the word in other places, and perhaps not always in its strict sense.
v. 4.
Snapper is commonly explained—stumble; but Palsgrave makes a distinction between the words: “I Snapper as a horse dothe that tryppeth, Ie trippette. My horse dyd nat stumble he dyd but snapper a lytell, Mon cheual ne choppyt poynt il ne fit que tripetter vng petit.” Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr., 1530. fol. ccclxv. (Table of Verbes.)—Compare the following lines;
Page 15. v. 6. prendergest] A word (probably the origin of the surname Prendergast) which I am unable to explain.
v. 8. bayardys bun] i. e. horse-loaf, a sort of bread formerly much used for feeding horses: bayard is, properly, a bay horse.
v. 9. sumdele] i. e. somewhat.
v. 11. maunchet] Properly, a small loaf of fine white bread.
—— morell] Properly, a dark-coloured, a black horse.
v. 13. carp] Which generally means—speak, talk,—is sometimes found applied to music, and here, perhaps, is equivalent to—make a noise.
v. 14. Lo, Jak wold be a jentylman!] So in Heywood’s Dialogue;
“Iacke would be a gentleman, if he could speake French.”
Sig. D 2,—Workes, ed. 1598.
See also Ray’s Proverbs, p. 124. ed. 1768.
v. 15.
Hey, troly, loly, Ritson observes, is a chorus or burden “of vast antiquity;” see Anc. Songs, ii. 8. ed. 1829: counter; see note on title of the poem: knak, i. e. triflingly, or affectedly shew off his skill in singing about, &c. In A very mery and Pythie Commedie, called The longer thou liuest, the more foole than art, &c. Newly compiled by W. Wager, 4to. n. d. (written in the early part of Elizabeth’s reign), Moros sings, among other fragments of songs,
and in a comparatively recent drama we find;
Martin Swart, “a noble man in Germany, and in marciall feactes verye expert,” (Hall’s Chron. (Henry VII.) fol. ix. ed. 1548), headed the auxiliaries sent by the Duchess of Burgundy with Lambert Simnel, and fell, fighting with great valour, at the battle of Stoke.
Page 15. v. 19. pohen] i. e. pea-hen.
Page 16. v. 21. An holy water clarke] Aquæbajulus; an office generally mentioned with contempt.
v. 23. solfyth to haute] i. e. solfas too haughtily,—highly.
v. 25. to sharp is hys my] “The syllable Mi used in solmisation.” Hawkins’s Hist. of Music, iii. 41.
v. 26. pyrdewy] Compare Hycke Scorner;
and Colkelbie Sow;
v. 27. besy] i. e. busy.
v. 29. a lewde lewte] i. e. a vile lute.
—— Roty bully joyse] “The initial words of some old song.” Hawkins’s Hist. of Music, iii. 41.—In our author’s Magnyfycence, Courtly Abusyon exclaims,
Perhaps the same air is alluded to in Colkelbie Sow;
v. 33. and he wyst] i. e. if he knew.
v. 34. sped] i. e. versed.
—— tauellys] “Tauell an instrument for a sylke woman to worke with.” Palsgrave’s Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr., 1530. fol. lxix. (Table of Subst.)
v. 36. a payre of clauycordys] i. e. a clavichord (so, formerly, an organ was called a pair of organs); of which see an engraving in Hawkins’s Hist. of Music, ii. 443.
v. 43. jet] Is explained in modern dictionaries—strut.—“I Get I vse a proude countenaunce and pace in my goyng, Ie braggue.” “I Iette with facyon and countenaunce to set forthe myselfe, Ie braggue.” “I Go a iettynye or a ryottynge, Ie raude.” Palsgrave’s Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr., 1530. fols. ccxlvi, cclxv, ccli. (Table of Verbes.)
Page 16. v. 47. dumpys] i. e. dumps.
v. 48. prycke songe] i. e. music pricked or noted down; when opposed (see v. 54) to plain song, it meant counter-point, as distinguished from mere melody.
v. 49. a larg and a long] Characters in old music: one large contained two longs, one long two breves, &c.
v. 50. iape] i. e. jest, joke.
v. 51. solayne] i. e. sullen.
Page 17. v. 53. fayne] Palsgrave gives, “I feyne in syngyng, Ie chante a basse voyx. We maye nat synge out we are to nere my lorde, but lette vs fayne this songe,” &c. Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr., 1530. fol. ccxxxv. (Table of Verbes.) But here, I apprehend, fayne can only mean—sing in falsetto. Our author, in The Bowge of Courte, has
v. 55. Thys docter Deuyas commensyd in a cart] So again Skelton in his Colyn Cloute,
Compare a much later writer: “What, a graue Doctor, a base Iohn Doleta the Almanack-maker, Doctor Deuse-ace and Doctor Merryman?” Nash’s Haue with you to Saffron-Walden, 1596. sig. L 3.—commensyd, i. e. who took his degree.
v. 60. ne] i. e. nor.
v. 61. wark] i. e. work, business.
v. 62. walk, and be nought!] Equivalent to—away, and a mischief on you!
v. 68. Take thys in worth] “I Take in worthe or I take in good worthe, Ie prens en gré.” Palsgrave’s Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr., 1530. fol. ccclxxxiiii. (Table of Verbes.)
v. 69. Wryten at Croydon by Crowland in the Clay] Concerning this line, the Rev. Joseph Hunter has obligingly remarked to me: “I was in hope of finding ‘Croydon by Crowland in the Clay’ by looking in Ingulphus and his Continuator, where all the places are mentioned in which the Abbey of Crowland (Croyland) had estates. No such name as Croydon appears; and as it is not in Speed’s maps, I see little chance of meeting with the place so called by Skelton. It would be a very bold emendation to read,—
‘Wryten in Hoyland by Crowland in the Clay:’
the parts of Lincolnshire in which Crowland is situated are called Holland or formerly Hoylande.”—To G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., author of the Hist. of Croydon, I am indebted for the following observations: “The passage has been a puzzle to me. The distance is very great between Crowland and Croydon in Cambridgeshire; and in Croydon in Surrey there is no such place as Crowland, though I can point out to you ‘the Clays’ there. The manor of Crouham is in the Surrey Croydon, but far away from ‘the Clays.’”
Page 18. Qd] i. e. Quod, quoth.
couenable, i. e. befitting: sentence, i. e. sense, meaning. The pointing perhaps ought to be thus;—“in Englysh couenable, in sentence commendable,” &c.
v. 13. shyderyd] i. e. split, splintered.
v. 18. fell] i. e. skin.
Page 19. v. 24. mell] i. e. meddle.
v. 29.
Checkmate, the term at chess when the king is made prisoner, and the game consequently finished, is often used figuratively by our early writers. With the present lines compare the following passages:
“But she had taken suche cold for the defaute of helpe that depe draughtes of deth toke her, that nedes she must dye,” &c. Morte d’Arthur, B. viii. c. i. vol. i. 247. ed. Southey.
v. 36. brynnyng] i. e. burning.
v. 40. rew] i. e. have pity.
v. 43. shylde] i. e. shield.
v. 45. dyne] i. e. dun, dark.
v. 46. boteles bale] i. e. remediless sorrow.
v. 48. fendys blake] i. e. fiends black.
v. 54. solace] i. e. pleasure.
Page 20. v. 4. recheles] i. e. reckless.
v. 6. draffe] i. e. refuse: in our author’s Elynour Rummyng, v. 171. vol. i. 100, it means hog-wash,—the coarse liquor, or brewers’ grains, with which swine are fed.
Page 20. v. 13. pohen] i. e. peahen.
v. 18. auayle] i. e. advantage, profit.
v. 19. shayle] Is several times used by Skelton. “Schayler that gothe awrie with his fete boytevx.” Palsgrave’s Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr., 1530. fol. lxi. (Table of Subst.) “I Shayle as a man or horse dothe that gothe croked with his legges: Ie vas eschays. It is to late to beate him for it nowe, he shal shayle as longe as he lyueth ... il yra eschays ... I Shayle with the fete, Ientretaille des pieds.” Id. fol. cccxlviii. (Table of Verbes). “A shayle with yᵉ knees togyther and the fete outwarde: A eschays.” Id. fol. ccccxxxvii. (Table of Aduerbes).
v. 20. pyggysny] “The Romans,” says Tyrwhitt, “used oculus as a term of endearment, and perhaps piggesnie, in vulgar language, only means ocellus; the eyes of that animal being remarkably small.” Note on Chaucer’s Cant. Tales, v. 3268.—In confirmation of this etymology, Todd (Johnson’s Dict. in v. Pigsney) has shewn that the word was occasionally written pigs eie.
v. 21. quyte] i. e. requite.
Page 21. v. 26. doute] i. e. fear.
v. 28. all beshrewde] i. e. altogether cursed.
v. 29. that farly swete] i. e. that strange sweet one.
v. 30. wonnes] i. e. dwells.
—— Temmys strete] i. e. Thames’ street.
solacyous] i. e. pleasant, amusing.
Page 22. v. 2. quod] i. e. quoth.
v. 4. hardely] i. e. boldly, with confidence.
v. 7. kepe] i. e. heed, regard, care.
v. 8.