Gallons
discharged
per minute.		 Gallons
discharged
per 24
hours.		 1⁄2-in. Diam.
Velocity in ft.
per second.		 Friction head
in feet.
  2.5   3,600   4.08   18.20
  5   7,200   8.17   66.82
  7.5 10,800 12.25 142.9
10 14,400 16.33 243.3
Gallons
discharged
per minute.		 Gallons
discharged
per 24
hours.		 3⁄4-in. Diam.
Velocity in ft.
per second.		 Friction head
in feet.
  2.5   3,600   1.81   2.78
  5   7,200   3.63   9.40
  7.5 10,800   5.44 20.17
10 14,400   7.25 34.77
12.5 18,000   9.06 52.11
15 21,600 10.87 73.61
17.5 25,200 12.69 98.80
20 28,800 14.50 127.6
22.5 32,400 16.31 160.7
25 36,000 18.12 197.7
Gallons
discharged
per minute.		 Gallons
discharged
per 24
hours.		 1-in. Diam.
Velocity in ft.
per second.		 Friction head
in feet.
  2.5   3,600   1.02       .74
  5   7,200   2.04     2.52
  7.5 10,800   3.06     5.14
10 14,400   4.08     8.75
12.5 18,000   5.10   13.22
15 21,600   6.13   18.84
17.5 25,200   7.15   25.14
20 28,800   8.17   32.27
22.5 32,400   9.18   40.17
25 36,000 10.20   48.90
30 43,200 12.23   68.70
35 50,400 14.25   92.10
40 57,600 16.29 116.8
45 64,800 18.34 150.6
50 72,000 20.37 186.7
Gallons
discharged
per minute.		 Gallons
discharged
per 24
hours.		 11⁄4-in. Diam.
Velocity in ft.
per second.		 Friction head
in feet.
  5     7,200   1.31       .83
10   14,400   2.62     2.85
15   21,600   3.92     5.90
20   28,800   5.22   10.21
25   36,000   6.53   15.50
30   43,200   7.84   22.34
35   50,400   9.14   28.99
40   57,600 10.45   37.29
45   64,800 11.76   46.47
50   72,000 13.07   57.16
55   79,200 14.38   68.62
60   86,400 15.69   81.35
65   93,600 17.00   95.11
70 100,800 18.31 109.9
75 108,000 19.62 126.1
Gallons
discharged
per minute.		 Gallons
discharged
per 24
hours.		 11⁄2-in. Diam.
Velocity in ft.
per second.		 Friction head
in feet.
    5     7,200     .91     .51
  10   14,400   1.82   1.33
  15   21,600   2.73   2.80
  20   28,800   3.63   4.59
  25   36,000   4.54   6.99
  30   43,200   5.45   9.86
  35   50,400   6.36 13.14
  40   57,600   7.26 16.94
  45   64,800   8.17 21.09
  50   72,000   9.08 25.66
  60   86,400 10.90 36.15
  70 100,800 12.72 48.84
  80 115,200 14.54 63.53
  90 129,600 16.36 79.78
100 144,000 18.17 98.23
Gallons
discharged
per minute.		 Gallons
discharged
per 24
hours.		 2-in. Diam.
Velocity in ft.
per second.		 Friction head
in feet.
    5     7,200   1 . . .
  10   14,400   1.02     .31
  20   28,800   2.04   1.17
  30   43,200   3.06   2.36
  40   57,600   4.09   4.17
  50   72,000   5.11   6.34
  60   86,400   6.13   8.92
  70 100,800   7.15 11.83
  80 115,200   8.18 15.27
  90 129,600   9.20 19.11
100 144,000 10.22 23.23
125 180,000 12.80 35.78
150 216,000 15.3 50.60
175 252,000 17.9 69.13
200 288,000 20.4 89.51
Gallons
discharged
per minute.		 Gallons
discharged
per 24
hours.		 21⁄2-in. Diam.
Velocity in ft.
per second.		 Friction head
in feet.
  25   36,000   1.63     .58
  50   72,000   3.26   2.10
  75 108,000   4.90   4.58
100 144,000   6.53   7.95
125 180,000   8.16 12.10
150 216,000   9.80 17.05
175 252,000 11.43 22.88
200 288,000 13.07 29.67
225 324,000 14.70 37.14
250 360,000 16.34 45.81
275 396,000 17.97 55.32
300 432,000 19.60 65.68
350 468,000 21.24 77.01
400 576,000 22.87 89.11
Gallons
discharged
per minute.		 Gallons
discharged
per 24
hours.		 3-in. Diam.
Velocity in ft.
per second.		 Friction head
in feet.
  50   72,000   2.27     .88
  75 108,000   3.40   1.90
100 144,000   4.54   3.29
125 180,000   5.67   5.00
150 216,000   6.81   7.05
175 252,000   7.94   9.41
200 288,000   9.08 12.13
225 324,000 10.22 15.17
250 360,000 11.36 18.69
275 396,000 12.50 22.52
300 432,000 13.64 26.26
350 468,000 15.91 35.80
400 576,000 18.18 46.64
450 648,000 20.45 88.70
500 720,000 22.72 73.82

Contents of cylinders, in cubic feet and in U. S. gallons, for one foot of length.

Diameter in
Inches.		 Diameter in
Decimals of a
Foot.		 For 1 Foot in Length.
Cubic Feet.
Also area in
square feet.		 Gallons of
231 Cubic
Inches.
      1⁄4   .0208     .0003     .0026
      5⁄16   .0260     .0005     .0040
      3⁄8   .0313     .0008     .0057
      7⁄16   .0365     .0010     .0078
      1⁄2   .0417     .0014     .0102
      9⁄16   .0469     .0017     .0129
      5⁄8   .0521     .0021     .0159
      11⁄16   .0573     .0026     .0193
      3⁄4   .0625     .0031     .0230
      13⁄16   .0677     .0036     .0270
      7⁄8   .0729     .0042     .0312
      15⁄16   .0781     .0048     .0359
  1.   .0833     .0055     .0408
      1⁄4   .1042     .0085     .0638
      1⁄2   .1250     .0123     .0918
      3⁄4   .1458     .0168     .1250
  2.   .1667     .0218     .1632
      1⁄4   .1875     .0276     .2066
      1⁄2   .2083     .0341     .2550
      3⁄4   .2292     .0413     .3085
  3.   .2500     .0491     .3673
      1⁄4   .2708     .0576     .4310
      1⁄2   .2917     .0668     .4998
      3⁄4   .3125     .0767     .5738
  4.   .3333     .0878     .6528
      1⁄4   .3542     .0985     .7370
      1⁄2   .3750     .1105     .8263
      3⁄4   .3958     .1231     .9205
  5.   .4167     .1364   1.020
      1⁄4   .4375     .1503   1.124
      1⁄2   .4583     .1650   1.234
      3⁄4   .4792     .1803   1.349
  6.   .5000     .1963   1.469
      1⁄4   .5208     .2180   1.594
      1⁄2   .5417     .2305   1.724
      3⁄4   .5625     .2485   1.859
  7.   .5833     .2673   1.999
      1⁄4   .6042     .2868   2.144
      1⁄2   .6250     .3068   2.295
      3⁄4   .6458     .3275   2.450
  8.   .6667     .3490   2.611
      1⁄4   .6875     .3713   2.777
      1⁄2   .7083     .3940   2.948
      3⁄4   .7292     .4175   3.125
  9.   .7500     .4418   3.305
      1⁄4   .7708     .4668   3.492
      1⁄2   .7917     .4923   3.682
      3⁄4   .8125     .5185   3.879
10.   .8333     .5455   4.081
      1⁄4   .8542     .5730   4.286
      1⁄2   .8750     .6013   4.498
      3⁄4   .8958     .6303   4.714
11.   .9167     .6600   4.937
      1⁄4   .9375     .6903   5.163
      1⁄2   .9583     .7213   5.395
      3⁄4   .9792     .7530   5.633
12. 1 Foot.     .7854   5.876
      1⁄2 1.042     .8523   6.375
13. 1.083     .9218   6.895
      1⁄2 1.125     .9940   7.435
14. 1.167   1.069   7.997
      1⁄2 1.208   1.147   8.578
15. 1.250   1.227   9.180
      1⁄2 1.292   1.310   9.801
16. 1.333   1.396 10.44
      1⁄2 1.375   1.485 11.11
17. 1.417   1.576 11.79
      1⁄2 1.458   1.670 12.50
18. 1.500   1.767 13.22
      1⁄2 1.542   1.867 13.97
19. 1.583   1.969 14.73
      1⁄2 1.625   2.074 15.52
20. 1.666   2.182 16.32
      1⁄2 1.708   2.292 17.15
21. 1.750   2.405 17.99
      1⁄2 1.792   2.521 18.86
22. 1.833   2.640 19.75
      1⁄2 1.875   2.761 20.65
23. 1.917   2.885 21.58
      1⁄2 1.958   3.012 22.53
24. 2.000   3.142 23.50
25. 2.083   3.409 25.50
26. 2.166   3.687 27.58
27. 2.250   3.976 29.74
28. 2.333   4.276 31.99
29. 2.416   4.587 34.31
30. 2.500   4.909 36.72
31. 2.583   5.241 39.21
32. 2.666   5.585 41.78
33. 2.750   5.940 44.43
34. 2.833   6.305 47.17
35. 2.916   6.681 49.98
36. 3.000   7.069 52.88
37. 3.083   7.468 55.86
38. 3.166   7.876 58.92
39. 3.250   8.296 62.06
40. 3.333   8.728 65.29
41. 3.416   9.168 68.58
42. 3.500   9.620 71.96
43. 3.583 10.084 75.43
44. 3.666 10.560 79.00
45. 3.750 11.044 82.62
46. 3.833 11.540 86.32
47. 3.916 12.048 90.12
48. 4.000 12.566 94.02

231 cubic inches equal one gallon, and 7.4805 gallons equal one cubic foot.

For the contents of a greater diameter than any in the table, take the quantity opposite one-half said diameter and multiply it by 4. Thus, the number of cubic feet in one foot length of a pipe 80 inches in diameter, is equal to 8.728 × 4 = 34.912 cubic feet. So also with gallons and areas.

SCHEDULE OF STANDARD FLANGES.

Adopted July 18, 1894, by a Committee of the Master Steam and Hot Water Fitters’ Association, a Committee of the Society of Mechanical Engineers of the United States, and the leading valve and fitting manufacturers of the United States.

Pipe
size,
Inches.		 Pipe thickness,
(P + 100)
     .4S

d + .333(1 - d⁄100)

  S-18,000 lbs.		 Thickness
nearest
fraction,
inches.		 Stress on
pipe per
square inch
at 200 lbs.		 Radius
of
fillet,
inches.
  2   .409   7⁄16    460 1⁄8
  21⁄2   .429   7⁄16    550 1⁄8
  3   .448   7⁄16    690 1⁄8
  31⁄2   .466   1⁄2    700 1⁄8
  4   .486   1⁄2    800 1⁄8
  41⁄2   .498   1⁄2    900 1⁄8
  5   .525   1⁄2 1,000 1⁄8
  6   .563   9⁄16 1,060 1⁄8
  7   .60   5⁄8 1,120 1⁄8
  8   .639   5⁄8 1,280 1⁄8
  9   .678   11⁄16 1,310 3⁄16
10   .713   3⁄4 1,330 3⁄16
12   .79   13⁄16 1,470 3⁄16
14   .864   7⁄8 1,600 3⁄16
15   .904   15⁄16 1,600 3⁄16
16   .946 1 1,600 3⁄16
18 1.02 11⁄16 1,690 3⁄16
20 1.09 11⁄8 1,780 3⁄16
22 1.18 13⁄16 1,850 1⁄4
24 1.25 11⁄4 1,920 1⁄4
26 1.30 15⁄16 1,980 1⁄4
28 1.38 13⁄8 2,040 1⁄4
30 1.48 11⁄2 2,000 1⁄4
36 1.71 13⁄4 1,920 1⁄4
42 1.87 2 2,100 1⁄4
48 2.17 21⁄4 2,130 1⁄4