TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
List of Illustrations ix
List of Maps x
Foreword by Honorable Frank O. Lowden xiii
Introduction xv
The Problem xxiii
Chapter I. The Chicago Riot, July 27-August 2, 1919 1-52
Background of the Riot 2
The Beginning of the Riot 4
Chronological Story of the Riot 5
Factors Influencing Growth of the Riot 9
Gangs and "Athletic Clubs" 11
Types of Clashes 17
Crowds and Mobs 22
Rumor 25
Police 33
Militia 40
Deputy Sheriffs 43
Restoration of Order 43
Aftermath of the Riot 46
Outstanding Features of the Riot 48
Chapter II. Other Outbreaks in Illinois 53-78
Clashes in Chicago preceding the Riot of 1919 53
Racial Outbreaks in Waukegan, May 31 and June 2, 1920 57
The "Abyssinian" Affair, June 20, 1920 59
The Barrett Murder, September 20, 1920 64
The Springfield Riot, August 14-15, 1908 67
East St. Louis Riots, May 28, and July 2, 1917 71
Chapter III. The Migration of Negroes from the South 79-105
Economic Causes of the Migration 80
Sentimental Causes of the Migration 84
Beginning and Spread of Migration 86
The Arrival in Chicago 93
Adjustments to Chicago Life 94
Migrants in Chicago 97
Efforts to Check Migration 103
Chapter IV. The Negro Population of Chicago 106-151
Distribution and Density 106
Neighborhoods of Negro Residence 108
Adjusted Neighborhoods 108
Non-adjusted Neighborhoods 113
Neighborhoods of Organized Opposition 115
Bombings 122
Trend of the Negro Population 135
Outlying Neighborhoods 136
The Negro Community 139
Commercial and Industrial Enterprises 140
Organizations for Social Intercourse 141
Religious Organizations 142
Social and Civic Agencies 146
Medical Institutions 150
Chapter V. The Negro Housing Problem 152-230
General Living Conditions 152
Why Negroes Move 154
Room Crowding 156
Rents and Lodgers 162
How Negro Families Live 165
A Group of Family Histories 170
Physical Aspects of Negro Housing 184
Neighborhood Improvement Associations 192
Efforts of Social Agencies 193
Negroes and Property Depreciation 194
Financial Aspects of Negro Housing 215
Negroes as Home Owners 216
Financial Resources of Negroes 227
Chapter VI. Racial Contacts 231-326
Legal Status of Negroes in Illinois 232
Discrimination in Public Schools 234
Contacts in Chicago Public Schools 238
Physical Equipment of Schools 241
Retardation in Elementary Schools 256
Contacts in Recreation 271
Contacts in Transportation 297
Contacts in Other Relations 309
"Black and Tan" Resorts 323
Cultural Contacts 325
Contacts in Co-operative Efforts for Race Betterment 326
Chapter VII. Crime and Vicious Environment 327-356
Criminal Statistics 328
The Negro in the Courts 332
Bureau of Identification 335
Probation and Parole 335
Institutional Inquiry 338
Negro Crime and Environment 341
Views of Authorities on Crime among Negroes 345
Chapter VIII. The Negro in Industry 357-435
Employment Opportunities and Conditions 357
Increase in Negro Labor since 1915 362
Classification of Negro Workers 364
Wages of Negro Workers 365
Women Employees in Industrial Establishments 367
Railroad Workers 369
Domestic Workers 370
Employers' Experience with Negro Labor 372
Negro Women in Industry 378
Industries Excluding the Negro 391
Relations of White and Colored Workers 393
Future of the Negro in Chicago Industries 400
Organized Labor and the Negro Worker 403
Policy of the American Federation of Labor and Other Federations 405
Unions Admitting Negroes to White Locals 412
Unions Admitting Negroes to Separate Co-ordinate Locals 417
Unions Excluding Negroes from Membership 420
The Negro and Strikes 430
Attitude and Opinions of Labor Leaders 432
Chapter IX. Public Opinion in Race Relations 436-519
A. OPINIONS OF WHITES AND NEGROES
Beliefs Concerning Negroes 437
Primary Beliefs 438
Secondary Beliefs 443
Background of Prevailing Beliefs Concerning Negroes 445
Types of Sentiments and Attitudes 451
The Emotional Background 451
Abstract Justice 454
Traditional Southern Background 456
Group Sentiments 456
Attitudes Determined by Contacts 457
Self-Analysis by Fifteen White Citizens 459
Public Opinion as Expressed by Negroes 475
Race Problems 478
Abyssinians 480
A Negro and a Mob 481
Defensive Policies 484
Race Consciousness 487
Opinions of Fifteen Negroes on Definite Racial Problems 493
Are Race Relations Improving? 494
Opinions on Solution 495
Social Adjustments 502
Negro Problems 505
Defensive Philosophy 508
Segregation and Racial Solidarity 509
Opinion-making 514
Chapter X. Public Opinion in Race Relations 520-594
B. INSTRUMENTS OF OPINION-MAKING
The Press 520
General Survey of Chicago Newspapers 523
Intensive Study of Chicago Newspapers 531
Newspaper Policy Regarding Negro News 547
The Negro Press 556
Classification of Articles 557
Negro Newspaper Policy 563
Rumor 568
Myths 577
Propaganda 587
Conclusions 594
Chapter XI. Summary of the Report and Recommendations of the Commission 595-651
The Chicago Riot 595
The Migration of Negroes from the South 602
The Negro Population of Chicago 605
Racial Contacts 613
Crime and Vicious Environment 621
The Negro in Chicago Industries 623
Public Opinion in Race Relations 629
Opinions of Whites and Negroes 629
Factors in the Making of Public Opinion 634
The Recommendations of the Commission 640
Appendix 652
Biographical Data of Members of the Commission 652
The Staff of the Commission 653
Epitome of Facts in Riot Deaths 655
Table Showing Number of Persons Injured in Chicago Riot by Date and by Race 667
Index 669