O.
Oates, Titus, remarks on his plot, 295 300
Oc, language of Provence and neighboring countries, its beauty and richness, 308
Ochino Bernardo, 349 ; his sermons on fate and free-will translated by Lady Bacon, 349
Odd (the), the peculiar province of Horace Walpole, 161
"Old Bachelor," Congreve's, 389
Old Sarum, its cause pleaded by Junius, 38
Old Whig, Addison's, 417
Oleron, 509
Oligarchy, characteristics of, 181 183.
Olympic games, Herodotus' history read at, 331
Oniai. his appearance at Dr. Burney's concerts, 257 ; anecdote about, 59
Oinichund, his position in India, 238 ; his treachery towards Clive, 241 249
Omnipresence of the Deity, Robert Montgomery's reviewed, 199
Opinion, public, its power, 169
Opposition, parliamentary, when it began to take a regular form, 433
Orange, the Prince of, 46 ; the only hope of his country, 51 ; his success against the French. 52 ; his marriage with the Lady Mary, 60
Orators, Athenian, essay on, 139 157; in what spirit "their works should be read, 149 ; causes of their greatness found in their education, 149 ; modern orators address themselves less to the audience than to the reporters, 151
Oratory, how to be criticised, 149 ; to be estimated on principles different from those applied to other productions, 150 ; its object not truth but persuasion, 150 ; little of it left in modern days, 151 ; effect of the freedom of the press upon it, 151 ; practice and discipline give superiority in, as in the art of war, 155 ; effect of the division of labor upon, 154 ; those desirous of success in, should study Dante next to Demosthenes, 78 ; its necessity to an English statesman, 96 97 363 364 251 253
Orestes, the Athenian highwayman, 34 ; note.
Doloff, Count, his appearance at Dr. Burney's concert, 256
Orme, merits and defects of his work on India, 195
Orsiui, the Princess, 105
Orthodoxy, at one time a synonyme for ignorance and stupidity, 343
Osborne, Sir Peter, incident of Temple with the son and daughter of, 16 23
Osborne, Thomas, the bookseller, 131
Oswald, James, 13
Otway, 191
Ovid, Addison's Notes to the 2d and 3d hooks of his Metamorphoses, 328
Owen, Mr. Robert, 140
Oxford, 287
Oxford, Earl of. See Harley, Robert. Oxford, University of, its inferiority to Cambridge in intellectual activity, 343 344 ; its disaffection to the House of Hanover, 402 36 ; rose into favor with the government under Bute, 36
P.
Painting, correctness in, 343 ; causes of its decline in England after the civil wars, 157
Paley, Archdeacon, 261 Mr. Gladstone's opinion of his defence of the Church, 122 ; his reasoning the same as that by which Socrates confuted Aristodemus, 303 ; his views on "the origin of evil," 273 276
Pallas, the birthplace of Goldsmith, 151
Paoli, his admiration of Miss Burney, 271
Papacy, its influence, 314 ; effect of Luther's public renunciation of communion with it, 315
Paper currency, Southey's notions of, 151 152
Papists, line of demarcation between them and Protestants, 362 Papists and Puritans, persecution of, by Elizabeth, 439
Paradise, picture of, in old Bibles, 343 ; painting of, by a gifted master, 343
Paradise Regained, its excellence, 219
Paris, influence of its opinions among the educated classes in Italy, 144
Parker, Archbishop, 31 Parliaments of the 15th century, their condition, 479
Parliament, the, sketch of its proceedings, 470 540 Parliament of James I., 440 441 Charles I., his first, 443 444 ; his second, 444 445 ; its dissolution, 446 ; his fifth, 401
Parliament, effect of the publication of its proceedings, 180 Parliament, Long. See Long Parliament.
Parliamentary government, 251 253.
Parliamentary opposition, its origin, 433
Parliamentary reform, 131 21 22 233 237 239 241 410 425
Parr, Dr., 120
Milton, Parties, state of, in the time of Milton, 257 ; in England, 171 130 ; analogy in the state of, 1704 and 182 353 ; mixture of, at George II.'s first levee after Walpole's resignation, 5
Partridge, his wrangle with Swift, 374
Party, power of, during the Reformation and the French Revolution, 11 14 ; illustrations of the use and the abuse of it, 73
Pascal, Blaise, 105 300 ; was the product of his age, 323 Patronage of literary men, 190 ; less necessary than formerly, 191 352 ; its injurious effects upon style, 352 353
"Patriots" (the), in opposition to Sir R. Walpole, 170 179 ; their remedies for state evils, 181 183 Patriotism, genuine, 396
Paul IV., Pope, his zeal and devotion, 318 324
Paulet, Sir Amias, 354
Paulieian theology, its doctrines and prevalence among the Albigenses, 309 ; in Bohemia and the Lower Danube, 313
Pauson, the Greek painter, 30 ; note.
Peacham, Rev. Mr., his treatment by Bacon, 389 390
Peers, new creations of, 486 ; impolicy of limiting the number of, 415 410
Pelham, Henry, his character, 189 ; his death. 225
Pelhams (the), their ascendency, 188 ; their accession to power, 220 221 ; feebleness of the opposition to them, 222 ; see also Newcastle, Duke of.
Pembroke College, Oxford, Johnson entered at, 174 175
Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, Pitt entered at, 225
Péner, M.. translator of the works of Machiavelli, 207
Peninsular War, Southey's, 137
Penseroso and Allegro, Milton's, 215
Pentathlete (a), 154
People (the), comparison of their condition in the 10th and 19th centuries, 173 ; their welfare not considered in partition treaties, 91 92
Pepys, his praise of the Triple Alliance, 44 ; note.
Pericles, his distribution of gratuities among the members of the Athenian tribunals, 420 ; the substance but not the manner of his speeches transmitted by Thucydides, 152
Persecution, religious, in the reign of Elizabeth, 439 440 ; its reactionary effect upon churches and thrones, 456 ; in England during the progress of the Reformation, 14
Personation, Johnson's want of talent for, 423
Personification, Robert Montgomery's penchant for, 207
Persuasion, not truth, the object of oratory, 150
Peshwa, authority and origin of, 59
Peterborough, Earl of, his expedition to Spain, 110 ; his character, 110 123 124 ; his successes on the northeast coast of Spain, 112 119 ; his retirement to Valencia thwarted, 123 ; returns to Valencia as a volunteer, 123 ; his recall to England, 123
Petition of Right, its enactment, 445 ; violation of it, 445
Petrarch, characteristics of his writings, 56 57 88 90-96, 211 ; his influence upon Italian literature to Altieri's time unfavorable, 59 ; criticism upon, 80-99; his wide celebrity. 80 ; besides Cervantes the only modern writer who has attained an European reputation, 80 ; the source of his popularity to be found in his egotism, 81 82 ; and the universal interest felt in his theme, 82 85 365 ; the first eminent poet wholly devoted to the celebration of love, 85 ; the Provençal poets his masters, 85 ; his fame increased by the inferiority of his imitators, 86 ; but injured by their repetitions of his topics, 94 ; lived the votary of literature, 86 ; and died its martyr, 87 ; his crowning on the Capitol, 86 87 ; his private history, 87 ; his inability to present sensible objects to the imagination, 89 ; his genius, and his perversion of it by his conceits, 90 ; paucity of his thoughts, 90 ; his energy of style when lie abandoned amatory composition, 91 ; the defect of his writings, their excessive brilliancy, and want of relief, 92 ; his sonnets, 93 95 ; their effect upon the reader's mind, 93 ; the fifth sonnet the perfection of bathos, 93 ; his Latin writings over-estimated by himself and his contemporaries, 95 96 413 ; his philosophical essays, 97 ; his epistles, 98 ; addressed to the dead and the unborn, 99 ; the first restorer of polite letters into Italy, 277
Petty, Henry, Lord, 296
Phalaris, Letters of, controversy upon their merits and genuineness, 108 112 114 119
Philarehus for Phylarehus, 381
Philip II. of Spain, extent and splendor of his empire, 77
Philip III. of Spain, his accession, 98 ; his character, 98 104 ; his choice of a wife, 105 ; is obliged to fly from Madrid, 118 ; surrender of his arsenal and ships at Carthagena, 119 ; defeated at Alinenara, and again driven from Madrid, 126 ; forms a close alliance with his late competitor, 138 ; quarrels with France, 138 ; value of his renunciation of the crown of France. 139
Philip le Bel, 312
Philip, Duke of Orleans, regent of France, 63 66 ; compared with Charles II. of England, 64 65
Philippeaux, Abbe, his account of Addison's mode of life at Blois, 339
Philips, John, author of the Splendid Shilling, 386 ; specimen of his poetry in honor of Marlborough, 386 ; the poet of the English vintage, 50
Philips, Sir Robert, 413
Phillipps, Ambrose, 369
Philological studies, tendency of, 143 ; unfavorable to elevated criticism, 143
Philosophy, ancient, its characteristics, 436 ; its stationary character, 441 459 ; its alliance with Christianity, 443 445 ; its fall, 445 446 ; its merits compared with the Baconian, 461 462 ; reason of its barrenness, 478 479
Philosophy, moral, its relation to the Baconian system, 467
Philosophy, natural, the light in which it was viewed by the ancients, 436 443 ; chief peculiarity of Bacon's, 435
Phrarnichus, 133
Pilgrim's Progress, review of Southey's edition of the, 250 ; see also Bunyan.
Pilpav, Fables of, 188
Pindar and the Greek drama, 216 Horace's comparison of his imitators, 362
Pineus (the), 31 ; note.
Pisistratus, Bacon's comparison of Essex to him, 372
Pitt, William, (the first). (See Chatham, Earl of.)
Pitt, William, (the second.) his birth, 221 ; his precocity, 223 ; his feeble health, 224 ; his early training, 224 225 ; entered at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 225 ; his life and studies there, 225 229 ; his oratorical exercises, 228 229 ; accompanies his father in his last attendance in the House of Peers, 223 230 ; called to the bar, 230 ; enters Parliament, 230 ; his first speech, 233 ; his forensic ability, 2 14 ; declines any post that did not entitle him to a seat in the Cabinet, * 235 ; courts the Ultra-Whigs, 236 ; made Chancellor of the Exchequer, 247 ; denounces the coalition between Fox and North, 240 ; resigns and declines a place at the Treasury Hoard, 241 ; makes a second motion in favor of Parliamentary Reform, 241 ; visits the Continent, 242 ; his great popularity, 244 244 ; made First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, 240 ; his contest with the opposition, 247 ; his increasing popularity in the nation, 248 ; his pecuniary disinterestedness, 249 257 208 ; reelected to Parliament, 24 ; the greatest subject that England had seen for many generations, 250 ; his peculiar talents, 250-257; his oratory, 254 255 128 ; the correctness of his private life, 258 ; his failure to patronize men of letters and artists, 259 202 ; his administration can be divided into equal parts, 202 ; his lirst eight years, 202 271 ; his struggle upon the question of the Regency, 205 207 ; his popularity, 207 208 ; his feelings towards France, 270 272 ; his change of views in the latter part of his administration not unnatural, 272 274 45 ; failure of his administration of military affairs, vi.275, 277 ; his undiminished popularity, 277 278 ; his domestic policy, 27S, 274 ; his admirable policy respecting Ireland and the Catholic Question, 289 281 ; his resignation, 281 ; supports Addington's administration. 284 ; grows cold in his support, 285 ; his quarrel with Addington. 287 ; his great debate with Fox upon the war question, 288 ; his coalition with Fox, 236 ; to: 242 410 191 ; his second administration, 292 ; his failing health, 294 ; his ill-success in the coalition against Napoleon, 294 295 ; his illness increases, 295 250 ; his death, 297 ; his funeral, 298 ; his debts paid from the public treasury, 298 ; his neglect of his private finances, 298 249 ; his character, 299 300 410 411 ; his admiration for Hastings, 107 110 117 ; his asperity towards Francis, 104 ; his speech in support of Fox's motion against Hastings, 117 ; his motive, 119 ; his position upon the question of Parliamentary Reform, 410
Pius V., his bigotry, 185 ; his austerity and zeal, 424
Pius VI., his captivity and death, 440 ; his funeral rites long withheld, 440
Plagiarism, effect of, on the reader's mind, 94 ; instances of R. Montgomery's, 199 202
"Plain Dealer," Wycherley's, its appearance and merit, 370 384 ; its libertinism, 480
Plassey, battle of, 243 246 ; its effect in England, 254
Plato, comparison of his views with those of Racon, 448 404 ; excelled in the art of dialogue, 105
Plautus, his Casina, 248
Plays, English, of the age of Elizabeth, 448 ; rhyme introduced into, to please Charles II., 349 ; characteristics of Dryden's rhyming, 355 301
Plebeian, Steele's, 4
Plomer, Sir T., one of the counsel for Hastings on his trial, 127
Plutarch and the historians of his school, 395 402 ; their mental characteristics, 395 ; their ignorance of the nature of real liberty, 590 ; and of true patriotism, 397 ; their injurious influence, 348 ; their bad morality, 398 ; their effect upon Englishmen, 400 ; upon Europeans and especially the French, 400 402 70 71 ; contrasted with Tacitus, 409 ; his evidence of gifts being given to judges in Athens, 420 ; his anecdote of Lysias's speech before the Athenian tribunals, 117
Poem, imaginary epic, entitled "The Wellingtoniad," 158
Poetry, definition of, 210 ; incapable of analysis, 325 327 ; character of Southey's, 139 ; character of Robert Montgomery's, 199 213 ; wherein that of our tunes differs from that of the last century, 337 ; laws of, 340 ; to: 347 ; unities in, 338 ; its end, 338 ; alleged improvements in since the time of Dryden, 348 ; the interest excited by Byron's, 383 Dr. Johnson's standard of, 416 Addison's opinion of Tuscan, 361 ; what excellence in, depends upon, 384 335 ; when it begins to decline, 337 ; effects of the cultivation of language upon, 337 338 ; of criticism, 338 ; its St. Martin's Summer, 339 ; the imaginative fades into the critical, in all literatures, 330 37 2
Poets, effect of political transactions upon, 62 ; what is the best education of, 73 ; are bad critics, 76 327 328 ; must have faith in the creations of their imaginations, 328 ; their creative faculty, 354
Poland, contest between Protestantism and Catholicism in, 326 330
Pole, Cardinal, 8
Police, Athenian, 34 French, secret, 119 120
Politeness, definition of, 407
Politian, allusion to, i 279
Political convulsions, effect of, upon works of imagination, 62 ; questions, true method of reasoning upon, 47 50
Polybius, 395
Pondicherry, 212 ; its occupation by the English, 60
Poor (the), their condition in the 16th and 19th centuries, 173 ; in England and on the Continent, 179 182