Pius V., his bigotry, 185 ; his austerity and zeal, 424
Pius VI., his captivity and death, 440 ; his funeral rites long withheld, 440
Plagiarism, effect of, on the reader's mind, 94 ; instances of R. Montgomery's, 199 202
"Plain Dealer," Wycherley's, its appearance and merit, 370 384 ; its libertinism, 480
Plassey, battle of, 243 246 ; its effect in England, 254
Plato, comparison of his views with those of Racon, 448 404 ; excelled in the art of dialogue, 105
Plautus, his Casina, 248
Plays, English, of the age of Elizabeth, 448 ; rhyme introduced into, to please Charles II., 349 ; characteristics of Dryden's rhyming, 355 301
Plebeian, Steele's, 4
Plomer, Sir T., one of the counsel for Hastings on his trial, 127
Plutarch and the historians of his school, 395 402 ; their mental characteristics, 395 ; their ignorance of the nature of real liberty, 590 ; and of true patriotism, 397 ; their injurious influence, 348 ; their bad morality, 398 ; their effect upon Englishmen, 400 ; upon Europeans and especially the French, 400 402 70 71 ; contrasted with Tacitus, 409 ; his evidence of gifts being given to judges in Athens, 420 ; his anecdote of Lysias's speech before the Athenian tribunals, 117
Poem, imaginary epic, entitled "The Wellingtoniad," 158
Poetry, definition of, 210 ; incapable of analysis, 325 327 ; character of Southey's, 139 ; character of Robert Montgomery's, 199 213 ; wherein that of our tunes differs from that of the last century, 337 ; laws of, 340 ; to: 347 ; unities in, 338 ; its end, 338 ; alleged improvements in since the time of Dryden, 348 ; the interest excited by Byron's, 383 Dr. Johnson's standard of, 416 Addison's opinion of Tuscan, 361 ; what excellence in, depends upon, 384 335 ; when it begins to decline, 337 ; effects of the cultivation of language upon, 337 338 ; of criticism, 338 ; its St. Martin's Summer, 339 ; the imaginative fades into the critical, in all literatures, 330 37 2
Poets, effect of political transactions upon, 62 ; what is the best education of, 73 ; are bad critics, 76 327 328 ; must have faith in the creations of their imaginations, 328 ; their creative faculty, 354
Poland, contest between Protestantism and Catholicism in, 326 330
Pole, Cardinal, 8
Police, Athenian, 34 French, secret, 119 120
Politeness, definition of, 407
Politian, allusion to, i 279
Political convulsions, effect of, upon works of imagination, 62 ; questions, true method of reasoning upon, 47 50
Polybius, 395
Pondicherry, 212 ; its occupation by the English, 60
Poor (the), their condition in the 16th and 19th centuries, 173 ; in England and on the Continent, 179 182
Poor-rates (the), lower in manufacturing than in agricultural districts. 146
Pope, his independence of spirit, 191 ; his translation of Homer's description of a moonlight night, 338 ; relative "correctness" of his poetry, 338 Byron's admiration of him, 351 ; praise of him, by Cowper, 351 ; his character, habits, and condition, 404 ; his dislike of Bentley, 113 ; his acquaintance with Wycherley, 381 ; his appreciation of the literary merits of Congreve, 406 ; the originator of the heroic couplet, 333 ; his condensation in consequence of its use, 152 ; his testimony to Addison's conversational powers, 366 ; his Rape of the Lock his best poem, 394 ; his Essay on Criticism warmly praised in the Spectator, 394 ; his intercourse with Addison, 394 ; his hatred of Dennis, 394 ; his estrangement from Addison, 403 ; his suspicious nature, 403408; his satire of Addison, 409 411 ; his Messiah translated into Latin verse by Johnson, 175
Popes, review of Ranke's History of the, 299
Popham, Major, 84
Popish Plot, circumstances which assisted the belief in, 294 298
Popoli, Duchess of, saved by the Earl of Peterborough, 116
Port Royal, its destruction a disgrace to the Jesuits and to the Romish Church, 333
Portico, the doctrines of the school so called, 441
Porto Carrero, Cardinal, 94 98 Lewis XIV.'s opinion of him, 104 ; his disgrace and reconciliation with the Queen Dowager, 121
Portugal, its retrogression in prosperity compared with Denmark, 340
Posidonius, his eulogy of philosophy as ministering to human comfort, 436
Post Nati, the great case in the Exchequer Chamber, conducted by Bacon, 387 367 ; doubts upon the legality of the decision, 387
Power, political, religions belief ought not to exclude from, 303
Pratt, Charles, 13 Chief Justice, 86 ; created Lord Camden, and intrusted with the seals. 91
Predestination, doctrine of, 317
Prerogative royal, its advance, 485 ; in the 16th century, 172 ; its curtailment by the Revolution, 170 ; proposed by Bolingbroke to be strengthened, 171 ; see also Crown.
Press, Milton's defence of its freedom, 262 ; its emancipation after the Revolution, 530 ; remarks on its freedom, 169 270 ; censorship of, in the reign of Elizabeth, 15 ; its influence on the public mind after the Devolution, 330 ; upon modern oratory, 150
Pretsman, Mr., 225
Prince, The, of Machiavelli, general condemnation of it, 207 ; dedicated to the younger Lorenzo de Medici; compared with Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, 013.
Printing, effect of its discovery upon writers of history, 411 ; its inventor and the date of its discovery unknown, 444
Prior, Matthew, his modesty compared with Aristophanes and Juvenal, 352
Prisoners of war, Barêre's proposition tor murdering, 490-495.
Private judgment, Milton's defence of the right of, 202 Mr. Gladstone's notions of the rights and abuses of, 102 103
Privileges of the House of Commons, change in public opinion in respect to them, 330 See also Parliament.
Privy Council, Temple's plan for its reconstitution, iv. 04; Mr. Courtenay's opinion of its absurdity contested, 5 77 Barillon's remarks upon it, 7
Prize compositions necessarily unsatisfactory, 24
Progress of mankind in the political and physical sciences, 271 277 ; in intellectual freedom, 302 ; the key of the Baconian doctrine, 430 ; how retarded by the unprofitableness of ancient philosophy, 430 405 ; during the last 250 ; years, 302
Prometheus, 38
Prosperity, national, 150
Protector (the), character of his administration, 248
Protestant nonconformists in the reign of Charles I., their intolerance, 473
Protestantism, its early history, 13 ; its doctrine touching the right of private judgment, 104 ; light which Ranke has thrown upon its movements, 300 301 ; its victory in the northern parts of Europe, 314 ; its failure in Italy, 315 ; effect of its outbreak in any one part of Christendom, 317 ; its contest with Catholicism in France, Poland, and Germany, 325 331 ; its stationary character, 348 349
Protestants and Catholics, their relative numbers in the 10th century, 25
Provence, its language, literature, and civilization in the 12th century, 308 309 ; its poets the teachers of Petrarch, 85
Prussia, king of, subsidized by the Pitt and Newcastle ministry, 245 ; influence of Protestantism upon her, 339 ; superiority of her commercial system, 48 49
Psalnianazur, George, 185
Ptolemaic system, 229
Public opinion, its power, 168
Public spirit, an antidote against bad government, 18 ; a safeguard against legal oppression, 18
Publicity (the), of parliamentary proceedings, influence of, 108 ; a remedy for corruption, 22
Pulci, allusion to, 279
Pulteney, William, his opposition to Walpole, 202 ; moved the address to the king on the marriage of the Prince of Wales, 210 ; his unpopularity, 218 ; accepts a peerage, 219 ; compared with Chatham, 93
Pundits of Bengal, their jealousy of foreigners, 98
Punishment, warning not the only end of, 404
Punishment and reward, the only means by which government can effect its ends, 303
Puritanism, effect of its prevalence upon tlie national taste, 302 347 ; the restraints it imposed, 300 ; reaction against it, 307
Puritans (the), character and estimate of them, 253 257 ; hatred of them by James I, 455 ; effect of their religious austerity, 109 Johnson's contempt for their religious scruples, 411 ; their persecution by Charles I., 451 ; settlement of, in America, 459 ; blamed for calling in the Scots, 405 ; defence of them against this accusation, 405 ; difficulty and peril of their leaders, 470 ; the austerity of their manners drove many to the royal standard, 481 ; their position at the close of tlie reign of Elizabeth, 302 303 ; their oppression by Whitgift, 330 ; their faults in the day of their power and their consequences, 307 368 ; their hostility to works of the imagination, 340 347
Puritans and Papists, persecution of, by Elizabeth, 430
Eym, John, his influence, 407 Lady Carlisle's warning to him, 478 ; his impeachment ordered by the king, 477
Pynsent, Sir William, his legacy to Chatham, 63
Pyramid, the Great, Arab fable concerning it, 347 ; how it looked to one of the French philosophers who accompanied Napoleon, 58
"Pyrenees (the), have ceased to exist," 99
Q.
Quebec, conquest of, by Wolfe, iii.
Quince, Peter, sense in which he uses the word "translated," 405 406
Quintilian, his character as a critic, 141 142 ; causes of his deficiencies in this respect, 141 ; admired Euripides, 141
R.
Rabbinical Learning, work on, by Rev. L. Addison, 325
Racine, his Greeks far less "correctly" drawn than those of Shakspeare, 338 ; his Iphigenie an anachronism, 338 ; passed the close of his life in writing sacred dramas, 300
Raleigh, Sir Walter, i 36 ; his varied acquirements, 96 ; his position at court at the close of the reign of Elizabeth, 364 ; his execution, 400
"Rambler" (the), 190
Itamsav, court painter to George III., 4L
Ramus, 447
Ranke, Leopold, review of his History of the Popes, 299 349 ; his
qualifications as an historian, 299 347
Rape of the Lock (the), Pope's best poem, 394 ; recast by its author, 403 404
Reader, Steele's, 403
Reading in the present age necessarily desultory, 147 ; the least part of an Athenian education, 147 148.
Reasoning in verse, Drvden's, 300 308
Rebellion, the Great, and the Revolution, analogy between them, 237 247
Rebellion in Ireland in 1840, 473
Reform, the process of, often necessarily attended with many evils, 13 ; its supporters sometimes unworthy, 13
Reform Bill, 235 ; conduct of its opponents, 311
Reform in Parliament before the Revolution, 539 ; public desire for, 541 ; policy of it, 542 131 ; its results, 54 50
Reformation (the), Milton's Treatise of, 204 ; the history of the Reformation much misrepresented, 439 445 ; party divisions caused by it, 533 ; their consequences, 534 ; its immediate effect upon political liberty in England, 435 ; its social and political consequences, 10 ; analogy between it and the French Revolution, 10 11 ; its effect upon the Church of Rome, 87 ; vacillation which it produced in English legislation, 344 ; auspices under which it commenced, 313 ; its effect upon the Roman court, 323 ; its progress not effected by the event of battles or sieges, 327
Reformers, always unpopular in their own age, 273 274
Refugees, 300
Regicides of Charles L, disapproval of their conduct, 240 ; injustice of the imputations cast on them, 240 247
Regium Donum, 170
Regulating Act, its introduction by Lord North, and change which it made in the form of the Indian government, 35 52 03; power which it gave to the Chief Justice, 67
Religion, national establishment of, 100 ; its connection with civil government, 101 ; sey.; its effects upon the policy of Charles I., and of the Puritans, 108 ; no disqualification for the safe exercise of political power, 300 ; the religion of the English in the 10th century, 27 31 ; what system of, should be taught by a government, 188 ; no progress made in the knowledge of natural religion, since the days of Thales, 302 ; revealed, not of the nature of a progressive science, 304 ; injurious influence of Louis XIV. upon, iii. 04; of slavery in the West Indies, 311 313
Remonstrant, allusion to Milton's Animadversions on the, 204
Rent, 400
Representative government, decline of, 485
Republic, french, Burke's character of, 402
Restoration (the), degenerated character of our statesmen and politicians in the times succeeding it, 512 513 ; low standard of political morality after it, 512 ; violence of party and low state of national feeling after it, 525 : that of Charles II. and of Lewis XVIII. contrasted. 283 284; its effects upon the morals and manners of the nation, 367 308
Retrospective law, is it ever justifiable? 403 404 400 ; warranted by a certain amount of public danger, 470
"Revels, Athenian," scenes from, 30
Review, New Antijacobin (the). See Antijacobin Review.
Revolution (the), its principles often grossly misrepresented, 235 ; analogy between it and the "Great Rebellion," 237 247 ; its effect on the character of public men, 520 ; freedom of the press after it, 530 ; its effects, 530 ; the fruit of a coalition, 410 ; ministerial responsibility since, 531 ; review of (Mackintosh's History of, 251 335
Revolution, the French, its history, 440-513; its character, 273 275 ; warnings which preceded it, 440 441 50 340 427 428 ; its social and political consequences, 10 11 205 200 532 534 430 ; its effects on the whole salutary, 40 41 67 ; the excesses of its development, 41 44 ; differences between the first and the second, 515 ; analogy between it and the Reformation, 10 11 Dumont's views upon it, 41 43 44 40; contrasted with the English, 40 50 08, 70
Revolutionary tribunal, (the). See Tribunal.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 126
Rheinsberg, 150
Rhyme introduced into English plays to please Charles II., 349
Richardson, 298
Richelieu, Cardinal, 338
Richmond, Duke of, 107
Rigby, secretary for Ireland, 12
Rimini, story of, 74
Riots, public, during Grenville's administration, 70
Robertson, Dr., 472 215 Scotticisms in his works, 342
Robespierre, 340 ; analogy between his followers and those of Kniperdoling, 12 420 470 480 ; false accusations against, 431 ; his treatment of the Girondists, 473 474 ; one of the Committee of Safety, 475 ; his life attempted, 489 ; the division in the Committee, and the revolution of the ninth Thermidor, 497 499 ; his death, 500 ; his character, 501
Robinson, Sir Thomas, 228
Rochefort, threatening of, 244
Rochester, Earl of, 307 114 335
Rockingham, Marquess of, his characteristics, 73 ; parallel between his party and the Bedfords, 73 ; accepts the Treasury, 74 ; patronizes Burke, 75 ; proposals of his administration on the American Stamp Act, 78 ; his dismissal, 88 ; his services, 88 89 ; his moderation towards the new ministry, 93 ; his relation to Chatham, 102 ; advocated the independence of the United States, 100 ; at the head of the Whigs, 232 ; made First Minister, 235 ; his administration, 23(i, 237 ; his death, 237
Rockingham and Bedfords, parallel between them, 73
Sir Thomas, 273 Uohillas, description of them, 29 ; agreement between Hastings and Stirajah Dowlali for their subjugation, 30 31
Roland, Madame, 43 452 453 473
Homans (the), exclusiveness of, 413 410 ; under Diocletian, compared to the Chinese, 415 416
Romans and Greeks, difference between, 287 ; in their treatment of woman, 83 84