Tartar, salts of, 235

Tea colour, 167

Test acid, preparation of, 224, 225
for chlorine, 110
liquor, 232
papers, 183

Testing chloride of lime, 232
ultramarines, 239

Thermometer scales, comparative French and English, 244

Thiosulphite of soda, 110
sodium, 233

Thirds, whites, 20

Thompson's bleaching process, 97

Three-roll smoothing process, 194

Thune's process, 79

Tiles, paper, 175

Tin, citrate of, 169
perchloride of, 236

Tobacco stalks, 10

Toned paper, 165

Torrance's drainer, 39

Toughening paper, 178

Tracing paper, 179

Tragacanth, gum, 168

Transparent paper, 179

Treatment of esparto, 40
rags, 19, 29
various fibres, 80
wood, 53, 68

Triethyl rose aniline, 98

Tripoli esparto, 47

Tub-sizing, 122

Turmeric paper, 183

Turkish minium, 170

Turkey rags, 21
red, 170

Turpentine, oil of, 179
Venice, 179

Twaddell's hydrometer, 238


Ultramarine, 121, 165
artificial, preparation of, 238

Ultramarines, staining power of, 240
testing, 239

Umpherston's beating-engine, 105

Unbleached cottons, 20


Vacuum pumps, 149

Vanadate of ammonia, 72

Various fibres, treatment of, 80

Varnished paper, 179

Varrentrapp's zinc bleach liquor, 100

Vat for hand paper-making, 129

Vegetable fibres, micrographic examination of, 5

Vegetable fibres, recognition of, by the microscope, 6

Vegeto-mineral paper, 115

Venetian red, 166

Venice turpentine, 179

Verdigris, 169

Verny's paper-cutting machine, 187

Violet, 171
dark, 172
light, 171

Vitriol, oil of, 57, 90, 106

Voelter's process for preparing mechanical wood pulp, 78

Volumetric assaying, 224

Vulcanised india-rubber, 223

Vulcanite, 148


Washing, American, 61
boiled esparto, 49
and breaking, 34
engine, 37
cylinder for rag-engine, 193

Waste, cotton, 10
cotton-seed, 10
flax, 10
hemp, 10
jute, 10
linen, 10
liquors, recovery of soda from, 204
paper, 10, 85
boiling, 86
Ryan's process for, 87
tan, 10

Water-marked paper, 130

Water-marking, 146

Water-marks, De la Rue's improvements in, 147

Waterproof composition for paper, 177
paper, 174
for flooring, 177
Jouglet's process, 177
for roofing, 177

Watt and Burgess's wood-paper process, 55

Watt's electrolytic bleaching process, 94

Wax, 6, 120
soap, 169

Web-glazing, 154
calender, Bertrams', 196

Web-ripping machine, 198

Weights and measures, French table of, 245

Weights and measures of the metrical system, 245

Wet machines, 57

White cellulose, 76
copal, 179
hemp, 20
lead, 171
linens, 20

Willow and duster, Bertrams', 25
Masson, Scott, and Co.'s, 40

Willowing, 24
esparto, 41

Wilson's bleach liquor, 100

Winding machine, single-web, 188

Wood, acid treatment of, 64
fibre, 53
paper, Watt's patent for, 17
pulp, American method of preparing, 60
pulp, chemical, 54
mechanical, 113
shavings, 10, 55, 77
pulp, sulphite, 160
treatment of, 53, 68
pulp, Voelter's mechanical process for preparing, 78
waste, dyers', 10

Woollen rags, 21

Wrapping papers, 178

Wright's process for preparing cupro-ammonium, 175

Writing papers, 164

Wyatt, Mr., on American refining engines, 103
on American super-calendering, 157

Wyatt, Mr., on sizing, 127


Xyloidin, 67


Yankee machine, 152

Yaryan evaporator, 208

Yellow chrome, 166
gold envelope, 167
lake, 238
ochre, 165, 166
pale, 172, 173
pine fibre, 4

Young's method of bleaching, 100

Young and Pettigrew's process, 66

Young's process for cleaning esparto, 50


Zinc bleach liquor, 99
chloride of, 99
oxide of, 99, 100
salts, 100
soaps in sizing, 121
sulphate of, 99, 119

Zostera marina, 11