or cardboard with two faces made by ordinary machinery, 182
colouring, for artificial flowers, 168
copying, 120
cork, 180
cutting machine, Verny's, 187
double sized, 126
hand-made, 129
new Japanese, 180
machine, Bertrams' large, 134
Fourdrinier's, 133
Yankee, 152
making by hand, 129
by machinery, 133
machinery used in, 184
materials used in, 9
manilla, 85
imitation manilla, from wood, 239
Morfit's process for toughening, 178
mulberry, 18
bark, 10
oiled, 180
old style, 157
parchment, 181
shavings, 58
sizes of, 164
strength of, 240
Parkinson's contrivance for determining, 240
toned, 165
toughening, 178
tracing, 179
transparent, 179
turmeric, 183
varnished, 179
vegeto-mineral, 115
waste, 85
boiling, 86
Ryan's process for treating, 87
water-marked, 130
waterproof, 174
Jouglet's process, 177
for windows, 181
coloured, 165
miscellaneous, 174
Morocco, stains for, 171
printing, 164
satin, stains for, 172
test, 183
wrapping, 178
writing, 164

Parchment liquor, 171
paper, 181
shavings, 171

Paris blue, 169

Parker and Blackman's disinfecting machine, 12

Parting, 131

Partington's process, 71

Pearl alum, 119

Pearlash, 238

Pearl hardening, 114

Peat, 10

Pectin, 6

Pectose, 6

Perchloride of tin, 236

Perfecting engine, Marshall's, 201

Pernitrate of iron, 165

Peroxide of manganese, 94

Petroleum, 178

Phormium tenax, 8

Physical characteristics of cellulose, 3

Picking esparto, 40

Pictet and Brélaz's process, 64

Pieces, cotton, 20
linen, 20

Pink, 166
English, 172

Plate-glazing, 157
calender, reversing, 191
planing machine, 190

Poplar, 10, 60

Porion's evaporator, 208

Porous alum, 167

Potash, 74
carbonate of, 235
caustic, 3, 7
yellow prussiate of, 165

Potassa, carbonate of, 235

Potassium, chloride of, 95
iodide of, 111
ferrocyanide of, 165

Potcher, 37

Poucher, 39

Poumarède and Figuier's process for parchment paper, 181

Preliminary operations, 19
treatment of esparto, 40

Preparation of animal size, 122
bleaching liquor, 92
lakes, 235
test acid, 225

Press, glazing, Donkin's, 157

Press-rolls, 150

Presse-pâte, 51

Printing-paper, 103
papers, 164

Prints, light, 20
mixed, 20

Process, Adamson's, 77
American wood pulp, 60
Andreoli's electrolytic bleaching, 96
arsenious acid, 231
Aussedat's, 63
Barre and Blondel's, 66
Blitz's, 72
Carbonell's esparto, 46
Coupier and Mellier's, 80
C. Watt's electrolytic bleaching, 94
Diana's, for making paper with two faces by ordinary machinery, 182
Dr. Mitscherlich's, 71
Eckman's, 70
Francke's bisulphite, 68
Fridet and Matussière's, 66
Gaine's, for making parchment paper, 182
Graham's, 73
Hermite's electrolytic bleaching, 96
Jouglet's, for preparing waterproof paper, 177
Keegan's, 59
Lunge's bleaching, 98
Mallary's esparto, 46
Mellier's, 84
Morfit's, 178
Partington's, 71
Pictet and Brélaz's, 64
Poumarède and Figuier's, 181
retting, 129
Ritter and Kellner's, 71
Ryan's, 87
Scoffern and Tidcombe's, 174
Sinclair's, 58
Thompson's, 97
Thune's, 79
Voelter's, 78
Watt and Burgess's, 55
Wright's, 175
Young's, 50
Young and Pettigrew's, 66

Processes, acid or bisulphite, objections to, 74
McDougall's boiler for, 72
chemical, 55
mechanical, 78
sulphide, 77
sulphite, 68

Prussian blue, 165

Prussiate of potash, 165

Pulp, ground wood, 85
long-fibred, 111
mechanical wood, 113
mixing colouring matter with, 168
rag, 72

Pulp saver, 143
conical, 144
strainers, 137
Bertrams' revolving, 137
Roeckner's, 140

Pulp, sulphite, 68, 160
wood, American, 60
first introduced by Mr. C. Watt, 17
imitation Manilla from, 239

Pump, vacuum, 149


Quercitron, 166


Rag bagging, 11
boiler, Bertrams', 29
Donkin's, 30
cutter, Nuttall's, 24
cutting-machine, Bertrams', 23
Donkin's, 26
engine, 34
Bentley and Jackson's, 38
Bertrams', 37
pulp, 72

Rags, 11
Alexandria, 21
Baltic, 21
Belgian, 20
Beyrout, 21
blue, 19
boiling, 29
cotton, 10
country, 21
disinfecting, 12
foreign, 20
French, 20
German, 21
home, 20
Leghorn, 21
linen, 10
new, 20
Russian, 21
sorting, 19
treatment of, 19
Trieste, 21
Turkey, 21
woollen, 21

Rattan cane, 10

Raw materials, 10

Recognition of vegetable fibres by the microscope, 6

Recovery of soda, American system, 218
from spent liquor, 204

Red, cherry, 170
dark, 170
litmus paper, 183
ochre, 172
pale, 171
Turkey, 170
Venetian, 166

Reds, aniline, 166

Reeds, 10

Reeling machine, Bertrams', 197

Refining or beating, 101
engine, 159
Jordan's, 103
engines, American, Mr. Wyatt on, 103

Regulating box, 136

Resin, 6, 115
oil, 178
size, 118
soap, 116

Resinous soaps, 179

Retree, 85, 164

Retting, 4
process of, 129

Reversing or plate-glazing calender, 190

Revolving knife, 161
cutter, 162
strainer and knotter, 137

Rhamnus catharticus, 169

Ritter and Kellner's process, 71

Roeckner's boiler, 45
clarifier, 199
evaporator, 206
pulp strainers, 140

Roll-bar planing machine, 191

Rolls, couch, 149
press, 150
smoothing, 151, 152

Rope, 20
bagging, 20
hard, 20
tarred, 20
white, 20

Round-ribbed fibres, 5

Royal, 164

Russian rags, 21

Ryan's process for treating waste paper, 87


Sailcloth, 11

Salt of tartar, 235

Sampling alkalies, 227

Sandarac, gum, 179

Sand-table, 136
tables, 149
trap, 50, 136

Sap green, 169

Satin papers, stains for, 172

Save-all, 143

Sawdust, 10

Scarlet lake, 171

Schweinfurth green, 171

Scoffern and Tidcombe's process for waterproof paper, 174

Sea grass, 11

Seaweeds, 178

Second press-roll, 150

Seconds rags, 20

Seconds, whites, 20

Self-acting dry felt regulator, 186
cleansing strainer, 139

Separating tank, 61

Setting, 174

Settling of the pulp, 131

Sfax esparto, 47

Shavings, paper, 58
parchment, 171
wood, 10, 55

Shoddy, 11

Silk cocoon waste, 11

Silver white, 173

Sinclair's esparto boiler, 42, 43
process, 58

Single-cylinder machine, 152

Single-sheet cutter, 162
web-winding machine, 188

Sizal, or sisal hemp, 8

Size, animal, preparation of, 122
engine, French method of preparing, 120
resin, 118

Sizes of paper, 164

Sizing, 115
American method of, 123
and finishing, 132
machine, 126
tub or animal, 122
Mr. Wyatt's remarks on, 127
zinc soaps in, 121

Skip, 153

Small post, 164

Smalts blue, 121, 165

Smoothing presses, three-roll, 194
rolls, 151, 152

Soap, Castile, 121
cotton-seed oil, 121
resin, 116

Soaps, zinc, in sizing, 121

Soda, anhydrous, 225
ash, 31, 227
calcined, 93
carbonate, 31
caustic, 31
table showing the quantities of leys of different densities, 243
dry, Dalton's table, showing the proportion of, in leys of different densities, 241
hydrate of, 225
hypochlorite of, 8
hyposulphite of, 110
ley, caustic, 31
recovery of, 104
recovery of, American system of, 218
solutions, caustic, table showing strength of, 241
sulphite of, 110
thiosulphite of, 110, 233

Sodas, commercial, examination of, 221

Sodium, chloride of, 95, 109
hypochlorite of, 96
thiosulphite of, 233

Sorting rags, 19, 22

Sour bleaching, 91

Souring, 99

Spanish annotta, 238
esparto, 47

Spent liquors, recovery of soda from, 204
liquors, 218

Spiral fibres, 8

Spruce, 60

Stable manure, 11

Staining power of ultramarines, 240

Stains for Morocco papers, 171
satin papers, 172

Standard test-acid solution, 225

Starch paste, 117

Strainer and knotter, Bertrams' revolving, 137
self-cleansing, 139

Strainers, 57, 137
Roeckner's pulp, 140

Straw, 16
boiling, 81
buckwheat, 10
fibres, 4
wheat, 10

Strength of paper, determination of, 240

Strings, 20

Strong linens, 20

Stuff-chests, 57, 112, 136
pump, 136

Sturtevant blower, 60

Suction boxes, 148

Sulphate of alumina, 100
aniline, 8
copper, 146
indigo, 232
iron, 170
lime, 100
magnesia, 46
zinc, 99, 119

Sulphide processes, 77

Sulphite fibre, 76
and resin, 76
processes, 68
pulp, 68
of soda, 110
wood pulp, 160

Sulphur, 72, 225

Sulphuric acid, 47, 91, 99
anhydrous, 225

Sulphurous acid, 175
gas, 55

Super-calendering, 157
American, Mr. Wyatt on, 157

Superfine white cotton, 20

Superfines, white, 20

Supply-box, 136

Surface-sizing, 122

Susa esparto, 47


Table of boiling points of alkaline leys, 243
French and English thermometer scales, 244
French weights and measures, 245
showing proportion of dry soda in leys of different densities, 241
showing the quantity of bleaching liquid to be used, 244
showing the quantity of bleach liquor required to be added to weaker liquors, 244
showing the quantity of caustic sodas in leys of different densities, 243
showing the specific gravity corresponding with the degrees of Baumé's hydrometer, 242
of strength of caustic soda solutions, 241
of weights and measures of the metrical system, 245

Tables and notes, 235
sand, 149

Tan waste, 10

Tarpaulin, 11, 77

Tarred hemp, 20
rope, 20
string, 20