observations on beating, 102

Duster, 26

Dusting, 26

Dutch grappe madder, 237

Dyers' wood waste, 10


Edge-runner, Bertrams', 82

Ekman's process, 70

Elastic fibres, 3
packing, 72

Electrolytic bleaching process, Andreoli's, 96
Hermite's, 96
C. Watt's, 94

Electrotypes for water-marking, 146

Engine, beating, 103
Bertrams', 105
Forbes', 105
Umpherston's, 105
Marshall's perfecting, 201
size, French method of preparing, 120
sizing, 115

Engines, beating, Mr. Arnot on, 102
refining, American, Mr. Wyatt on, 103

English green, 172
pink, 172

Envelope, buff, 167
orange-red gold, 167
yellow gold, 167

Eosine, 166

Equivalents, chemical, 224

Esparto, African, 47
Algerian, 47
bleaching, 50
boiler, Sinclair's, 42, 43
boiling, 41
cleaner, Bertrams', 40
Dunbar's treatment of, 48
fibre, 4
Gabes, 47
grass, 10, 16
Mallary's process for, 46
Oran, 47
picking, 40
preliminary treatment of, 40
Carbonell's process for, 46
Sfax, 47
Spanish, 47
Susa, 47
Tripoli, 47
washing boiled, 49
willowing, 41
Young's process for boiling, 50

Estimation of alumina in alum cake, &c., 233
of chlorine in bleaching powder, 230
of commercial sodas, 221

Eucalyptus, oil of, 178

Evaporating apparatus, 205

Evaporator, esparto, 206
Porion's, 208
Roeckner's, 206
Yaryan's, 208

Evaporators, American, 61, 208

Examination of commercial sodas, 221


Feebly-ribbed, or smooth fibres, 5

Felt, 72, 101

Felting, 131

Fern leaves, 10

Ferrocyanide of potassium, 165

Fibre, banana, 10
cotton, 3
esparto, 4
flax, 7
hemp, 8
jute, 4, 8
linen, 4
Manilla, 4
sulphite, and resin, 76
yellow pine, 4

Fibres, acicular, 3
bark, 6
elastic, 3
round-ribbed, 5
smooth, or feebly-ribbed, 5
spiral, 8
straw, 4
various, treatment of, 80
vegetable, micrographic examination of, 5
vegetable, recognition of, by the microscope, 6

Fibrous waste, 11

Finished paper, packing the, 163

Finishing, 157
Arnot on, 160
house, 163
and sizing, 132

First press-roll, 150

Flask, 227

Flax, cellulose of, 4
fibre, or linen, 7
New Zealand, 8, 10
tow, 11
waste, 10

Flocks, 73

Florence lake, 237

Foolscap, 164

Forbes' beating-engine, 105

Foreign rags, 20

Fourdrinier machine, 133

Francke's bisulphite process, 68

Frankfort black, 169

French and English thermometer scales, comparative, 244
measure of volume, 245
rags, 20
weights and measures, table of, 245

Fresenius' method of estimating bleaching powder, 231

Friction-glazing, 157

Fridet and Matussière's process, 66

Furnace, incinerating, 208

Fustians, 20

Fustic, 169


Gabes esparto, 47

Gaine's process for making parchment paper, 182

Gamboge, 169

Gas, chlorine, bleaching with, 93
receiver, 65

Gay-Lussac's method of estimating bleaching powder, 231

German rags, 21

Glaser's process for bleaching with chlorine gas, 93

Glauber's salt, 109

Glazing calender, 154
press, Donkin's, 157
rolls, chilled-iron, 156
web, 154

Glucose, 2

Glue pieces, 122
stock, 124

Glycerin, 120

Graham's process, 73

Grass, China, 10
esparto, 10, 16
sea, 11

Green, copper, 170
English, 172
pale, 170
Schweinfurth, 171

Grey linens, 20

Ground madder, 237
wood pulp, 85

Guillotine rag-cutter, 24

Gum arabic, 169
sandarac, 179
tragacanth, 168

Gunny, 20
bags, 10

Gutta-percha, 147


Half jute and linen, 20
stuff, 39, 101
breaking, 39

Hemp fibre, 8
Manilla, 4, 10
sizal, 8
tarred, 20
waste, 10
white, 20

Hermite's electrolytic bleaching process, 96

High-pressure boiler, 63

Hollander, or rag-engine, 34, 129

Home rags, 20

Hop-bines, 10

Hydrate of soda, 225

Hydrated oxide of copper, 175

Hydro-cellulose, 1

Hydrochloric acid, 55, 232

Hydro-extractor, 94

Hydrometer, Baumé's, 242
Twaddell's, 238

Hypochlorite of aluminium, 100
calcium, 3
lime, 92, 98, 230
soda, 8
sodium, 96

Hypochlorous acid, 98

Hyposulphite of soda, 110


Iodide of potassium, 111

Imitation Manilla pulp from wood, 239

Imperial, 164

Incinerating furnace, 208

Indiarubber, vulcanised, 223

Indigo, 98, 166
sulphate of, 232

Ink, lithographic, 180

Introduction of wood pulp, 17

Irish moss, 178

Iron, oxide of, 34

Iron, pernitrate of, 165
sulphate of, 170

Isinglass, 179


Japanese paper, new, 180

Jordan's beating engine, 103, 104

Jouglet's process for waterproof paper, 177

Jute fibre, 4, 8
Manilla, &c., 84
spinners' waste, 20
waste, 10, 20


Kaolin, 114, 182

Keegan's process, 59

Killing the colour, 121

Kingsland beating-engine, 104

Knife, revolving, 161

Knotter and strainer, revolving, 137

Kollergang, or edge-runner, 82


Lac lake, 237

Laid paper, 130

Lake, Brazil-wood, 236
carminated, 237
cochineal, 236
Florence, 237
lac, 237
madder, 237
orange, 238
scarlet, 171

Lakes, preparation of, 235

Lamp-black, 166, 169

Leaching, 218
tanks, 218

Lead, nitrate of, 167
white, 171

Leather waste, 11

Leghorn rags, 21

Lemon chrome, 170

Leys, alkaline, boiling point of, 243
of different densities, table showing quantities of caustic soda in, 243

Lime, bisulphite of, 71
carbonate of, 119
chloride of, 23, 47, 110
bleaching with, 92
testing, 232
hypochlorite of, 92, 98, 230
milk of, 33, 72, 110
sulphate of, 100

Limed skins, 122

Linen, 4
fibre, 4
or flax fibre, 7
pieces, 20
rags, 10
waste, 10

Linens, blue, 20
extra fine, 20
grey, 20
strong, 20
white, 20

Liquor, bleaching, preparation of, 92

Liquors, bleaching, 3
spent, recovery of soda from, 218

Lithographic ink, 180
paper, 180

Litmus paper, 183

Lixiviation, 75

Loading, 114

Logwood, 166

Long measure, French, 246

Lunge's bleaching process, 9


Machine, Bentley and Jackson's perfecting, 201
web-ripping, 198
Bertrams' large paper, 13
rag-cutting, 23
reeling, 197
web-glazing, 196
willowing and dusting, 26
disinfecting, 12
Donkin's plate-planing, 191
rag-dusting, 23
Fourdrinier, 133
rag-cutting, 23
roll-bar planing, 191
single-cylinder, 152
web-winding, 188
sizing, 126
Verny's paper-cutting, 187
wire and its accessories, 142
Yankee, 152

Machinery, making paper by, 133
used in paper-making, 184

Machines, wet, 57

Madder, Dutch, 237
ground, 237
lake, 237

Magnesia, carbonate of, 46
sulphate of, 46

Magnesian limestone, 69

Magnesite, 46, 70

Magnesium, bisulphite of, 70
chloride of, 96

Maize husks and stems, 10

Making the paper, 130
paper or cardboard with two faces by ordinary machinery, 182
paper by hand, 129
machinery, 133

Mallary's process for esparto, 46

Manganese, peroxide of, 94

Manilla fibre, 4
hemp, 4, 10
jute, &c., 84
paper, 85

Manilla, imitation, from wood pulp, 239

Manning winder, 159

Maori-prepared phormium, 8

Materials, raw, 10
used in paper-making, 9

Marking, water, 146

Marshall's perfecting engine, 201

McDougall's boiler for acid processes, 72

Mechanical processes, 78
wood pulp, 113
Voelter's process of preparing, 78

Megass, or cane trash, 10

Mellier's process, 84

Method of sizing, American, 123

Metrical system, weights and measures of, 245

Micrographic examination of vegetable fibres, 5

Microscope, recognition of vegetable fibres by, 6

Midfeather, 35

Milk of lime, 33, 72, 110

Millboard, 175, 182

Mincing the fibre, 102

Mineral blue, 171
orange, 166

Miscellaneous papers, 174

Mixed fines, 20
prints, 20

Mixing colouring materials with pulp, 168

Mohr's alkalimeter, 223

Molasses, 180

Morfit's process for toughening paper, 178

Morocco papers, stains for, 171

Mucilage, 94

Mustard oil, 46
stems, 10


Nascent chlorine, 96

Netting, old, 11

New Japanese paper, 180
method of bleaching, 100

New rags, 20

New Zealand flax, 8, 10

Nitric acid, 66

Nitro-hydrochloric acid, 64

Nitrous acid, 66

Notes and tables, 235

Nutgalls, 166

Nuttall's rag-cutter, 24


Oak-bark, 166

Oakum, 11

Objections to the acid or bisulphite process, 74

Ochre, American, 167
yellow, 165, 166

Oil, boiled, 179
cotton-seed, soap, 121
of eucalyptus, 178
linseed, 179
mustard, 46
resin, 178
of turpentine, 179
of vitriol, 100

Oiled paper, 180

Old bagging, 10
bast bagging, 10
canvas, 10
netting, 11
rope, 10
style, 157

Operation of beating, 107

Oran esparto, 47

Orange chrome, 166
lake, 238
mineral, 166
red gold envelope, 167
yellow, 171

Organic acid, 99

Outshot cottons, 20

Outshots (whites), 20

Overhaulers, 22

Oxalic acid, 98

Oxide of cobalt, 165
iron, 34
zinc, 99


Packing the finished paper, 163

Pale blue, 170

Panels, millboard, 175

Pasteboard, 179

Paper, animal-sized, 123
antique, 157
blotting, 21, 181
blue, 19
breaking points of, method of determining, 240
"broke," 85