Acetic acid, 64, 98

Acid, arsenious, process, 231
or bisulphite processes, objections to, 74
boracic, 46
carbonic, 97
fluo-silicic, 175
hydrochloric, 55, 232
hypochlorous, 98
nitric, 66
nitrous, 66
nitro-hydrochloric, 64
oxalic, 98
processes, McDougall's boiler for, 72
sulphuric, 47, 99
anhydrous, 225
sulphurous, 55, 175
test, 224
test, preparation of, 225
treatment of wood, 64

Acids, action of, on cellulose, 2

Acicular fibres, 3

Action of acids on cellulose, 2

Adamsonia, 85

Adamson's process, 77

African esparto, 47

Agalite, 115

Agar-agar, 178

Agave Americana, 8

Alexandria rags, 21

Algerian esparto, 47

Alkali, caustic, 48
testing, 224

Alkalimeter, Mohr's, 223

Alkalimeters, 222

Alkalimetry, 221

Alkaline leys, boiling points of, 243

Alkalis, sampling, 227

Alum, 116

Alum, bleach liquor, 100
cake, estimation of alumina in, 233
concentrated, 119
crystallised, 119
liquor, 240
pearl, 119
porous, 167

Alumina, estimation of, in alum, &c., 233
sulphate of, 100

Aluminium, chloride of, 100
hypochlorite of, 100

Aluminous cake, 119

American combinations for colouring, 167
method of sizing, 123
ochre, 167
refining engines, Mr. Wyatt on, 103
system of soda recovery, 218
wood pulp, 60

Ammonia, 233

Ammoniacal water, 6

Andreoli's electrolytic bleaching process, 96

Anhydrous soda, 225
sulphuric acid, 225

Aniline blues, 166
reds, 166
sulphate of, 8
triethyl rose, 98

Animal size, preparation of, 120, 122
sized papers, 123
or tub-sizing, 122

Annotta, Spanish, 238

Antichlor, 109

Antique paper, 157

Apparatus, disintegrating, 72
evaporating, 205

Aqua regia, 66

Arnot, Mr., on beating-engines, 102
on finishing, 160

Arnot's method of alkali testing, 229

Artificial flowers, colouring paper for, 168
ultramarine, 238

Arsenious acid process, 231

Asbestos, 73, 115

Ash, black, 219

Aussedat's process, 63

Azure blue, 170


Back-water pump, Bertrams', 195

Bagging, old, 10

Balsam, Canada, 179

Baltic rags, 21

Bamboo cane, 10, 18

Bambusa vulgaris, 18

Banana fibre, 10

Bank-notes, water-marking, 147

Baobab, 85

Bark fibres, 6
oak, 166
paper mulberry, 10

Barre and Blondel's process, 66

Bast bagging, 10

Baumé's hydrometer, 242

Beakers, 222, 224

Beater, 37
Jordan, 103, 104
Kingsland, 104

Beating, 101
Dunbar's observations on, 102
engine, 103
Bertrams', 105
Forbes', 105
Umpherston's, 105
engines, Arnot on, 102
operations of, 107
or refining, 101

Belgian rags, 20

Bentley and Jackson's boiler, 80
cooling and damping rolls, 189
drum-washer, 185
dry felt self-acting regulator, 186
glazing calender, 155
rag-cutter, 24
engine, 38
single-cylinder machine, 153
web-ripping machine, 198

Benzine, 5, 77

Berlin blue, 168

Bertrams' back-water pump, 195
beating-engine, 105
conical pulp-saver, 144
damping-rolls, 155
edge-runner, 82
esparto-cleaner, 40
large paper machine, 134
rag boiler, 29
cutting-machine, 23
engine, 37
revolving strainer and knotter, 137
revolving knife-cutter, 162
reeling machine, 197
single-sheet cutter, 162
web-glazing calender, 196
willowing and dusting machine, 26

Beetroot refuse, 10

Beyrout rags, 21

Bichromate of potassa, 165

Binders' clippings, 10

Birch, 60

Bisulphite of lime, 71
magnesium, 70
process, Blitz's, 72
Francke's, 68
Graham's, 73
Mitscherlich's, 71
objections to, 74

Black ash, 219
calicoes, 20
cotton, 20
Frankfort, 171
lamp, 166

Blacks, 20

Bleach, 93
liquor, alum, 100
Wilson's, 100
zinc, 99
mixer, 92
pump, Donkin's, 193

Bleaching, 89
agent, 90
with chloride of lime, 92
chlorine gas, Glaser's process, 93
C. Watt, jun.'s, electrolytic process, 94
electrolytic, Andreoli's process, 96
Hermite's process, 96
esparto, 50
liquid, table showing quantity to be used, 244
liquor, 50, 91
preparation of, 92

Bleaching liquors, 3
Lunge's process of, 98
new method of, 100
operations, 89
powder, 92
estimation of chlorine in, 230
Fresenius' method, 231
Gay-Lussac's method, 231

Bleaching, sour, 91
Thompson's process, 97
Young's method, 100

Blending, 112

Blitz's process, 72

Blotting-papers, 21, 181

Blue, 166
azure, 170
Berlin, 168
Bremen, 170
cottons, 20
dark, 170
indigo, 166
linens, 20
mineral, 171
pale, 170
paper, 19
Paris, 169
Prussian, 165
rags, 19
smalts, 165

Blues, 20
aniline, 166

Boiler, Bentley and Jackson's, 80
Roeckner's, 45

Boiling, American, 60
esparto, 41
rags, 29
straw, 81
waste paper, 86

Boracic acid, 46

Borax, 169

Boxes, suction, 148

Brazil wood, 166
lake, 236

Breaking half-stuff, 39
points of paper, method of determining, 240

Breaking and washing, 34

Breast-roll, 149

Bremen blue, 170

"Broke" paper, 85

Bromine, 6
water, 6

Broom, 10

Broussonetia papyrifera, 18

Brown, 167

brown, dark, 170
reddish, 172

Bucking-keir, 88

Buckwheat straw, 10

Buff envelope, 167

Bunsen burner, 225

Burettes, 222


Calcined soda, 93

Calciner, 206

Calcium, acetate of, 98
chloride of, 109, 230
hypochlorite of, 3
salts, 99

Calender, glazing, 154

Calendering, 154
super, Mr. Wyatt on, 158

Calicoes, black, 20

Canada balsam, 179

Cane, bamboo, 10
rattan, 10

Caoutchouc, 73

Carbonate of lime, 119
magnesia, 46
potassa, 235, 236
soda, 31

Carbonell's esparto process, 46

Carbonic acid, 97

Carbonisation, 75

Cardboard, 182
with two faces by ordinary machinery, 182
work, 179

Carminated lake, 237

Carrageen moss, 178

Carrying tubes, 143

Castile soap, 121

Caustic alkali, 48
potash, 3, 7
soda, 31
ley, 31
table showing quantities of, in leys of different densities, 243

Causticising soda, 32, 205
tanks, 218

Cellulose, 1
action of acids on, 2
determination of, 5
of flax, 4
physical characteristics of, 3
white, 76

Chemical combination, 224
processes, 55
wood pulp, 54

Chilled-iron glazing-rolls, 156

China clay, 114
grass, 10

Chloride of aluminium, 100
calcium, 101, 230
lime, 47, 230
bleaching with, 92
testing samples of, 232
magnesium, 96
potassium, 95
sodium, 95, 109
zinc, 99

Chlorimeter, 232

Chlorimetry, 231

Chlorine, 2, 90, 232
gas, bleaching with, 93
in bleaching powder, estimation of, 230
test for, 110

Chrome, lemon, 170
orange, 166
yellow, 166

Cinnabar, 171

Citrate of tin, 169

Clarifier, Roeckner's, 199

Clay, China, 114

Clogging, 116

"Close" paper, 112

Cobalt, oxide of, 165

Cochineal, 121, 166
lake, 236

Colcothar, 170

Coloured cotton, 20
papers, 165

Colouring, 121
American combinations for, 167
materials, mixing, with pulp, 168
matters used in paper making, 166
paper for artificial flowers, 168

Commercial sodas, examination of, 221

Comparative cost of animal and engine sizing, estimate of, 128
French and English thermometer scales, 244

Composition for waterproof paper, 177

Concentrated alum, 119

Conical pulp-saver, 144

Cooling and damping rolls, Bentley and Jackson's, 189

Copal, white, 179

Copper, green, 170
hydrated oxide of, 175
sulphate, 146

Copperas, 165

Copying-paper, 120

Corchorus capsularis, 4

Cork, 180
paper, 180

Cost of animal and engine sizing, comparative estimate of, 128

Cotton fibre, 3
filaments of, 7
pieces, 20
rags, 10
seed waste, 10
oil soap, 121
superfine whites, 20
waste, 10
wool, 10

Cottons, blue, 20
outshot, 20
unbleached, 20

Coucher, 130

Couch-rolls, 149

Coupier and Mellier's process, 80, 84

Crop madder, 237

Crystallised alum, 119

Cupro-ammonium, 2, 174
Wright's process of preparing, 175

Cutting, 22, 161
machine, 23
Verny's, 187

Cutter, single-sheet, 162

Cutters, 22

Cylinder, drying, 185
machine, single, 152
washing, 193

Cylinders, drying, 151


Dalton's table showing proportion of dry soda in leys of different densities, 241

Damping-rolls, Bertrams', 155

Dandy-roll, 144

Deckle, 130
frame, 143
strap, 143

De la Rue's improvements in water-marks, 147

Determination of cellulose, 5

Determining the real value or percentage of commercial sodas, chloride of lime, &c., 221

Devil, Donkin's, 27

Dextrin, 2

Diana's process for making paper or cardboard with two faces by ordinary machinery, 182

Digester, 65

Disinfecting machine, 12

Disintegrating apparatus, 79

Doctor, the, 150

Donkin's bleach-mixer, 92
pump, 193
glazing machine, 157
press, 157
plate-planing machine, 191
rag boiler, 30
dusting machine, 26
washing cylinder for rag-engine, 193

Double crown, 164
demy, 164
royal, 164

Double-sized paper, 126

Drab, 167

Drainers, 39

Draining, 39

Dr. Mitscherlich's process, 71

Drum-washer, 34
Bentley and Jackson's, 185

Dry-felt regulator, self-acting, 186

Drying cylinder, 185
cylinders, 151

Dunbar's method of treating esparto, 48