• A
• Acceleration, quick, 78
• — under load, 92
• Accessibility, 39, 50
• Accumulator, 61
• Adapter, 92
• Adjustable tappet head, 29, 30
• Adjusting screws, 19
• Advanced ignition, 55, 56, 59
• Aeroplane engine cylinder, 10, 16
• Air, 1, 41, 42, 46, 87, 89, 114
• — carburetted, 42, 97
• — lock, 72
• — pump, 50
• — — hand, 50
• — scavenging, 16, 35, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89
• — to petrol ratio, 42
• — valve, automatic extra, 43, 49
• — velocity, 46, 70
• — volume of, relative to petrol vapour, 42, 108
• — weight of, relative to petrol vapour, 42
• Alcohol, properties of, 109
• Anti-freezing solution, 72
• Armature of magneto, 52, 54
• — relative speeds of engine and magneto, 54, 55
• Atmospheric pressure, 3, 90
• Atomization of petrol, 48, 49
• Automatic extra-air valve, 43, 49
• — inlet valve, 82, 84, 88
• B
• Backfire, 62, 84
• Balance, perfect, 76
• — want of, 75, 76
• — weight, 25
• Balancing the crankshaft, 25, 26, 76
• Barrel of cylinder, 12
• Base, oil, 8, 40, 65
• Battery, 116
• Bearings, main, 24, 64
• Benzol, properties of, 45, 108
• Blade, trembler, 57
• Boiling of water in jackets, 72
• Boxes, core, 11
• Brake, for petrol engine, 100
• Brake horse-power, 99
• British thermal unit, 111
• Brush, carbon, 53, 55, 116
• Built-up cylinder, 16
• — flywheel, 27
• Buoyancy, 45
• Burning, rate of, of mixture, 1, 57
• — of deflector, 91
• Bursting of flywheel rim, 27
• Bush, phosphor bronze, 23
• C
• Cables, high tension, 61
• Calorific values, 111
• Cam, 30, 33
• Camshafts, 29, 33, 40
• Cams, stationary, for magneto, 53
• Capacity of cylinder, 106
• Caps, valve, 13, 31
• Carbon brush, 53, 55, 116
• — deposit, 63, 78
• Carburation, 42, 94
• Carburetted air, 42, 97
• Carburettor, 5, 8, 42, 82
• — jet type, 42
• — multiple jet, 47, 94
• — points of a good, 49
• — recent improvements in, 47
• — spray type, 42
• — surface type, 42
• — wick type, 42
• Castings, cylinder, 11
• Cast-in-pairs, cylinders, 16
• Centrifugal force, 27
• Chaindrive, silent, 38
• Charge, 3, 80
• Charging pump, 80
• Chassis, 40, 71
• Choke tube, 46, 47
• Chrome steel, 20, 36
• Circulating water pump, 8, 71
• Circulation, forced, 71
• — local, 73
• — pump, 71
• — thermo-syphon, 69
• Clearance between piston and
• cylinder walls, 17
• — of valve tappet, 29
• — space, 4, 105, 107
• Coil ignition, 57, 59, 61
• — — system, wiring diagram for, 61
• — non-trembler, 59
• — supplementary, for starting, 58
• — trembler pattern, 57, 61
• Collector ring, 55
• Combustion, 78
• — chamber, 4, 96
• Compensating jet, 48
• Compression, meaning of, 3
• — pressure, 82, 83, 105
• — stroke, 6, 80
• Cone clutch, 27
• Connecting rod, 4, 21, 96
• — — forces acting on, 20
• — — phosphor bronze, 20, 22
• — — steel, 23
• Consumption of fuel, 79
• — of oil, 67
• Contact breaker, low tension, 53
• — — wipe form of, 58
• — screws, platinum tipped, 53, 57
• Cooling, 69
• Core-boxes, 11
• Core, iron, of ignition coil, 57
• Cost of production, 22, 64, 79
• Cotter, 29
• Crank chamber, 8, 39
• — — gas-tight, 81, 82, 96
• — cheeks or webs, 24
• — motor-cycle, 23
• — pin, 24
• — radius, 4
• — shaft, 23, 28, 77, 89
• Crank shaft, balancing the, 25, 76
• — — vibration of, 76
• — — whipping of, 76
• Cushion of hot gas, 93, 96
• Cut-out, 90
• Cycle, four-stroke, 5
• — motor, 10, 11
• — Otto, 5
• — two-stroke, 80
• Cylinder, 5, 9
• — aeroplane engine, 15, 16
• — air-cooled, 11, 15
• — barrel, 12
• — built-up, 16
• — castings, 11
• — head, detachable, 32, 78
• — jackets, 12, 15, 69
• — L-headed, 16
• — pump, 87, 88, 107
• — revolving, 10
• — T-headed, 15
• — water-cooled, 8, 32, 82, 96
• — working, 81, 87, 107
• Cylinders, cast en bloc, 16, 77
• — cast in pairs, 16
• — cast separately, 16
• — choosing the number of, 75
• — firing order of, 60
• D
• Dead centre, 4, 116
• — gases, 83
• Defective coil, 114, 116
• — ignition system, 114
• — magneto, 114, 116
• — sparking plug, 113, 114
• — valve, 113, 114, 116
• Deflector, 81, 87, 93, 96
• — overheating of, 84, 91
• Density, 45, 111
• Deposit of carbon, 63, 78
• Description of a typical petrol engine, 8
• Detachable cylinder head, 32, 78
• Devices, ignition, 51
• Diagram, indicator, 92, 102
• — for four-stroke engine, 105
• — for two-stroke engine, 106
• — for valve setting, 116
• — work, 103
• Difficulties in starting, 72, 75, 92, 96, 113
• Discharge, spark, 51, 54, 58
• Distributor, high tension, 52, 53, 58
• Double sleeve engine, 32, 78
• Down stroke, 4, 81, 82
• Drawings, working, 11, 93
• Drip feed, 64, 90, 92
• Drive, silent chain, 38
• Dual ignition, 58
• — springs, 90
• Ducts for oil, 41
• Duplex piston, 86
• Durability, 49, 79
• E
• Earthing wire, 60
• Eccentric, 33, 36
• — rod, 33, 36
• — sheaves, 33, 36
• — straps, 33, 36
• Economy and durability, 79
• Efficiency, thermal, 110, 111
• — volumetric, 83, 86, 88
• Electric spark, 51, 54, 58
• Electrodes of sparking plug, 51, 91, 92
• Engine, four cylinder, 9, 76, 77, 94
• — internal combustion, 111
• — motor car, 9
• — multi-cylinder, 77
• — points of a good, 75
• — single cylinder, 75
• — six cylinder, 76, 77
• — troubles, 113
• — two cylinder, 76
• — two-stroke, 80, 95
• Evaporation, 1
• Exhaust pipe, 6
• — ports, 81, 88
• — — open, 81, 88, 96
• — smoky, 66
• — stroke, 7, 35
• — system, overheating of the, 57
• — valves, 5, 10, 37, 81
• — valves, timing of the, 35, 37, 78, 116
• Explosion stroke, 7, 21, 26, 35
• Explosive mixtures, 1, 108, 109, 110
• Extra-air valve, 43, 49, 94
• F
• Fan, 70
• — pulley, 8, 70
• Feed, drip, 64, 90, 92
• Fibre, tappet head, 30
• — wheel, 38
• Film of oil, 65
• Filter, petrol, 43
• Fins, heat radiating, 70
• Firing order of the cylinders, 60
• — stroke, 60
• Fixed ignition, 57
• Flanges, 12, 13
• Flash point of lubricating oils, 63, 67, 68
• Flashing back from exhaust, 84, 92, 93, 95
• Flexibility, 77, 83, 92
• Float chamber, 43, 44, 94
• Flooding, 45, 94
• Fluctuation of engine speed, 27
• Flywheel, 8, 26
• — built-up, 27
• — function of, 26
• — rim, bursting of, 27
• — single stamping of steel, 28
• Force, 98
• — centrifugal, 27
• Forced circulation, 71
• — lubrication, 65, 90
• Forces, inertia, 75
• — space diagram, 103
• Four cylinder engine, 9, 76, 77, 94
• — stroke cycle, 5
• Frequency of vibrations, 76
• Fuel, consumption of, 79
• Fuels, liquid, 108
• Furring of tubes and jacket spaces, 73
• G
• Gap of sparking plug, 51, 54
• Gas, compressing the, 3
• — pump, 80
• — tight crankchamber, 81, 82, 96
• Gearing, overhead, 16
• Gears, helical, 38
• —spur, 37, 38
• General overheating, 72, 73
• —principles, 1
• Gilled tube, 70, 74
• Gills, 70
• Gravity feed, 50
• Grease in cylinder jackets, 72
• Grinding in a valve, 31
• Gudgeon pin, 17, 18
• — — wear on, 19, 90
• Guides, valve stem, 8, 12, 13, 30
• H
• Hand air pump, 50
• Handle, starting, 71
• Head, adjustable tappet, 30
• — of water, 69, 71
• Heat efficiency, 112
• — energy of the petrol mixture, 9, 17, 111
• — radiating fins, 11, 70
• — surplus, 9, 17
• Helical teeth, 38
• High tension cables, 61
• — — distributor, 52, 54, 58
• — — magneto, 8, 51, 52, 54, 89
• — — terminals, 51, 57
• Holes, cotter, 29
• — oil, 63
• Honeycomb radiator, 70, 74
• Horse-power, 98
• — brake, 99
• — indicated, 101
• — Joint Committee’s formula, 101
• — of car, 99
• — Treasury formula, 101
• Hot-water jacket, 43, 47, 94
• Hydrogen, 108, 109
• I
• Idle stroke, 26, 82
• Ignition, advanced, 55, 56, 59
• — coil, 57, 59, 61
• — devices, 51
• — dual, 58
• — fixed, 57
• — knock, 57, 84
• — normal, 55
• — retarded, 55, 59, 62
• — synchronized, 59, 61
• — timing the, 60, 62, 116
• — two-point, 59
• Improved system of splash lubrication, 64
• Improvements in carburettors, recent, 47
• Indicated horse-power, 101
• Indicator diagram, 92, 102
• — — for four-stroke engine, 105
• — — for two-stroke engine, 106
• Indicator, optical, 92
• Induction pipe, 5, 8, 43, 82
• Inertia forces, 75
• Inflammable vapour, 63
• Injection of water to cylinder, 92
• Inlet ports, 81, 88
• — valve, air, automatic, 43, 49, 88
• — — automatic, for gaseous mixture, 82, 88
• — — mechanically operated, 5, 30, 31
• — — timing the, 34, 37, 78, 116
• — water pipe, 8, 70, 73
• Inspection openings, 39
• Insulators, 51
• Internal water cooling, 92
• J
• Jacket, cylinder, 12, 15, 69
• — hot water, 43, 47, 94
• — space, too large, 73
• — water, overheating of, 72
• — — temperature of, 74
• — — weight of, 74, 89
• Jet, atomizing, 48
• — compensating, 48
• — petrol, 44, 46
• Jet-in-tube carburettor, 42
• Jigs, 24
• Jockey pulley, 38
• Joints, water-tight, 11, 15
• Journals, 24
• K
• Kean’s two-stroke engine, 85, 94
• Knock ignition, 57, 73, 84
• Knocking, acceleration, 92, 93, 95
• — intermittent, 84, 92, 93
• — spasmodic, 84, 91
• L
• L-headed cylinders, 16
• Lag in opening and closing valves, 34
• — time, 56
• Lead of valve, 35
• Leakage of gas past the piston, 18, 114
• Leaky pistons, 114
• Liquid fuels, 108
• — petrol, 108
• Local circulation, 73
• — overheating, 72
• Lock, air, 72
• Lock nuts, 29
• Low tension contact breaker, 52
• — — terminal, 57, 58
• — torque, 75
• Lubrication, forced, 65, 90
• — improved system of splash, 64
• — splash system of, 63
• M
• Magneto armature, relative speeds of, 54, 55, 94
• — for four cylinder engine, 52, 54, 60
• — for six cylinder engine, 54
• — high tension, 8, 39, 40
• — ignition system, wiring diagram for, 60
• — racing pattern, 94
• — two-stroke engine, 94
• Make and break, 53, 58, 62
• Manograph, 104
• Materials, packing, 15
• Mean effective pressure, 89, 107
• Mechanically operated valve, 30, 84
• Metal segments of distributor, 55
• Mild steel, 23
• Mileage per gallon, 110
• Misfiring, 84, 116
• Mixing chamber, 43, 47
• Mixture, explosive, 1, 108, 109, 110
• — heat energy of the, 9, 17, 111
• — strength of the 1, 42, 108, 109, 110
• — too weak a, 46
• — weakening the, 49, 73
• Momentum, 35, 36
• Monobloc casting, 77
• Motor car engine, 9
• — cycle, 10, 11
• — — crank, 23
• Moulds, 11
• Multiple jet carburettor, 47, 94
• Mushroom type valves, 5, 8, 30
• N
• Natural circulation, 69
• Needle valve, 44
• Nickel steel, 20, 36
• Noise from valves, 30, 39
• Non-trembler coil, 59
• Normal ignition, 55
• O
• Oil base, 8, 40, 65
• — consumption of, 67
• — ducts, 41
• — film, 65
• — holes, 63
• — pressure, 65, 67
• — price of, 67
• — properties of, 63
• — pump, 8, 39, 40, 65, 67
• — — speed of, 67
• — troughs, 65
• Open exhaust port, 81, 88, 96
• Optical indicator, 92
• Orifice, 45, 73
• Oscillations, torsional, of the crankshaft, 77
• Otto cycle, 5
• Outlet water pipe, 8, 70, 71, 73
• Overflow pipe, 72
• Overhead gearing, 16
• Overheating of deflector, 84, 91
• — of the exhaust system, 57
• — general, 72, 73
• — local, 72
• Overloading the engine, 55, 89
• P
• Packing materials, 15
• — rings, 17, 18, 81, 87, 97
• Paraffin, properties of, 109
• Partial seizure, 19, 33, 63, 64, 90
• — vacuum, 6, 46, 82, 90
• Passages, valve, 10
• Patterns, 11
• Perfect balance, 76, 77
• — combustion, 78
• Periodicity, 76, 77
• Petrol, consumption of, 79
• — engine, description of a typical, 8
• — filter, 43
• — jet, 44, 46
• — mixture, heat energy of, 9, 17, 111
• — pipe, 43
• — properties of, 108
• — supply, failure of, 113
• — tank, 43
• — tap, 43
• — vapour, 1, 42, 43, 80
• — — ratio of air to, 42
• Phosphor bronze bush, 23
• — — connecting rod, 22
• Pinking, 79
• Pipe, exhaust, 6, 8
• — induction, 5, 8, 43, 82
• — inlet water, 8, 70, 71, 73
• — outlet water, 8, 70, 71, 73
• — overflow, 72
• — transfer, 86, 87
• — vent, 39
• Piston, 4, 17, 32, 82, 96
• — duplex, 86
• — leaky, 73, 114
• — ring, cast-iron, 18, 82
• — — steel, 19
• — seizure of the, 19, 33
• — steel, 19
• — weight of, 19
• Pitch of the teeth on a gear wheel, 38
• Plain tube radiator, 74
• Platinum tipped contact screws, 53, 57
• Plug, sparking, 5, 8, 51, 91, 92
• Points of a good carburettor, 49
• — — good engine, 75
• Poppet valve, 29, 77, 79
• Ports, exhaust, 33, 78, 81, 88
• — inlet, 33, 78, 81, 88
• — open exhaust, 81, 88, 96
• Power, 98
• — stroke, 7, 60, 80
• Pre-ignition, 84, 90, 92, 95, 108, 109, 110
• Pressure, atmospheric, 3, 90
• — compression, 3, 80, 82, 83, 88, 105
• — feed, 50
• — mean-effective, 89, 107
• — of oil, 65, 67
• Prices of oils, 67
• Primary winding, 53, 58
• Production, cost of, 22, 64, 79
• Properties of fuels, 108, 109, 110
• — of oils, 63
• Pulley, fan, 8, 70
• — jockey, 38
• Pump, air, 50
• — charging, 80
• — circulating, 8, 67, 71
• — cylinder, 87, 88, 107
• — gas, 80
• — hand air, 50
• — oil, 8, 39, 40, 65, 67
• — piston, 86
• — water, 8, 39, 71
• Push rod, 29
• Q
• Quick acceleration, 78, 92
• — make and break, 53, 59, 62
• R
• Racing pattern magneto, 94
• Radiator, gilled tube, 69
• — honeycomb, 70, 74
• — size of, 71, 72, 74, 89
• Rate of burning, 1, 57
• Rated horse-power, 101
• Ratio of air to petrol vapour, 42
• Recent improvements in carburettors, 47
• Relative speeds of engine and magneto, 54, 94
• Release of gases, 105
• Relief valves, 67
• Residue, 63
• Retarded ignition, 55, 57, 59, 62
• Revolving cylinders, 10
• Ring, packing, 17, 18, 81, 87, 97
• — steel piston, 19
• Roller, 29, 58
• Rotary valves, 79
• S
• Sagging of camshaft, 36
• Scavenging, 16, 35, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 93
• Scoops, 65
• Screws, adjusting, for gudgeon pin, 18
• — platinum tipped, for contact breaker, 53, 57
• Seat of valve, 13, 29
• Segments, metal, of distributor, 55
• Seizure of piston, 19, 33, 63, 64, 90
• Shafts, eccentric, 33
• Sheaves, eccentric, 33
• Short-circuiting terminal, 55
• Silence in running, 79, 92, 95
• Silencer, 6, 89
• Silent chain drive, 38
• Simple two-stroke engine, 81, 85
• Single cylinder engine, 75, 76
• — sleeve valve engine, 32
• — throw crankshaft, 23
• Six cylinder engine, 76
• — — — magneto for, 54
• Sleeve valves, 32, 77, 78
• Sleeves, double, 32, 78
• Slots, 32
• Smoky exhaust, 66
• Spark, electric, 51, 54, 58
• Sparking plug, 5, 8, 13, 51, 91, 92
• Spasmodic knocking, 84, 91
• Specific gravity of fuels, 108, 109, 110
• Speed, fluctuation of engine, 27
• — of oil pump, 67
• Speeds of magneto armature and
• distributor, 54, 55, 94
• Splash system of lubrication, 63
• — — — improved, 64
• Split pin, 19
• Spray type of carburettor, 42
• Springs, dual, for automatic valve, 90
• — valve, 8, 29, 90
• Sprocket wheels, 38
• Spur gears, 38
• Stampings for connecting rods, 22
• Starting difficulties, 72, 75, 92, 96
• — handle, 8, 71
• Stationary cams for magneto, 53
• Steel, chrome nickel and chrome vanadium, 20, 36
• — flywheel, built-up, 27
• — — single stamping, 28
• — mild, 23
• — pistons, 19
• — — rings, 19
• — tungsten, for valves, 30
• — Ubas, 90
• Storage of petrol, 108
• Strap, eccentric, 34
• Strength and character of spark, 58
• — of mixture, 1, 42, 108, 109, 110
• Stroke, meaning of, 3
• — suction, 6, 21, 35, 60, 80
• Suction, meaning of, 2
• Supplementary coil, for starting, 58
• Surface carburettor, 42
• Synchronized ignition, 59, 61
• T
• Tank, petrol, 43
• Tap, compression, 13
• — petrol, 43
• Tappet head, 29, 30
• — valve, 8, 29
• Teeth, helical, 38
• — pitch of, 38
• Temperature of jacket water, 74
• Terminals, high tension, 51, 57
• — low tension, 57, 58
• T-headed cylinder, 15
• Thermal efficiency, 110, 111
• — unit, British, 111
• Thermo-syphon circulation, 69, 89
• Three-port two-stroke engine, 97
• Throttle valve, 44, 47
• Time lag, 56
• Timing the ignition, 60, 62, 116
• — the inlet valve, 34, 37, 78, 116
• — the exhaust valve, 35, 37, 78, 116
• — wheels, 8, 37
• Too rich a mixture, 46, 78
• Too weak a mixture, 46, 73, 78
• Torque, low, 75
• Torsional oscillations of crankshaft, 77
• Transfer pipe, 86, 87
• Treasury rating for horse-power, 85, 101
• Trembler blade, 57
• — coil, 57, 61
• Troughs, oil, 65
• Tube, amount required for radiator, 74
• — gilled, 74
• — plain, 74
• Tungsten-steel valves, 30
• Twin piston two-stroke engine, 96
• Two cylinder engine, 76
• Two-point ignition, 59
• Two-port two-stroke engine, 81, 85, 95
• Two-stroke cycle, 80, 83, 87
• — engine, Kean, 85, 94
• — — simple, 81, 85
• — — twin piston, 96
• — — two-port, 81, 85, 95
• — — three-port, 97
• — — valveless, 97
• U
• Ubas steel, 90
• Unbalanced mass, 25
• Underframe, 40
• Up-stroke, 4, 81
• V
• Vacuum, partial, 6, 46, 49, 82, 90
• Valve, automatic inlet, 82, 84, 88
• — — extra air, 43, 49, 88
• — caps, 13, 31
• — defective, 113, 114, 116
• — exhaust, 5, 37, 81
• — extra air, 43, 49, 94
• — guides, 8
• — head, 29
• — inlet, 3, 5
• — mechanically operated, 5, 30, 84
• — mushroom type, 5, 8, 30
• — needle, 44
• — passages, 10
• — relief, 67
• — seat, 13, 29
• — springs, 8, 29, 90
• — stem guides, 8, 12, 13, 29
• — tappet, 8, 29
• — throttle, 44, 47
• — timing the exhaust, 35, 37, 78, 116
• — — the inlet, 34, 37, 78, 116
• — to grind in, 31
• — tungsten steel, 30
• Valves, noise from, 30, 39
• — poppet, 29, 77, 79
• — rotary, 79
• — sleeve, 32, 77, 79
• Valveless two-stroke engine, 97
• Valve-setting diagram, 116
• Vanadium steel, 20, 36
• Vaporization, 1, 46, 48, 49, 94
• Vapour, inflammable, 63
• — petrol, 1, 33, 42, 80
• Velocity of air, 46, 70
• Vent pipes, 39
• Vibration of crankshaft, 76
• Viscosity, 63
• Volatility, 108
• Volume displaced by piston, 105, 106, 107
• — of clearance space, 4, 105, 107
• Volumetric efficiency, 83, 86, 88
• Vulcanite fibre tappet head, 30
• W
• Washer, 29
• Waste heat, 9, 17
• Water boiling in jackets, 72
• — circulating pump, 8, 67, 71
• — cooled cylinder, 8, 32, 82, 96
• — cooling, internal, 92
• — head of, 69, 71
• — hot, for jacket, 43, 47, 94
• — injection, 92
• — jacket, 10, 12, 70, 72, 73, 96
• — pipe, inlet, 8, 69, 70, 71, 73
• — — outlet, 8, 69, 70, 71, 73
• — pump, 8, 39, 40, 72
• Water-tight joint, 11, 15
• Weakening the mixture, 49, 73
• Wear on gudgeon pins, 19, 90
• Webs, crank, 24
• Weight of piston, 19
• — of water in radiator, 74, 89
• Weights, balance, 25
• Wheels, fibre, for timing gear, 38
• — sprocket, for chain, 38
• — timing, 8, 34
• Whipping of crankshaft, 76
• Wick type of carburettor, 42
• Winding, primary or low tension, 53, 58, 61
• — secondary or high tension, 53, 58
• Wipe form of contact breaker, 58
• Wire, earthing, 60
• Wiring diagram for coil ignition system, 61
• — — for magneto ignition system, 60
• Work, 98
• — diagram, 103
• Working cylinder, 81, 87, 107
• — drawings, 11, 93
• Wrist pin, 18