- MAPS PRINTED IN COLOURS.
- 1.
Ethnographical Map of Europe . . . 18
- 2.
Turkey-in-Europe and Greece . . . 85
- 3.
The Bosphorus and Constantinople . . . 98
- 4.
Ethnographical Map of Turkey . . . 148
- 5.
Italy . . . 183
- 6.
The Delta of the Po . . . 210
- 7.
The Bay of Naples . . . 288
- 8.
Spain and Portugal . . . 365
- PLATES.
- 01.
Peasants from the Environs of Athens . . . To face page . . . 53
- 02.
Constantinople and the Golden Horn, from the Heights of Eyub . . . 99
- 03.
Albanians . . . 118
- 04.
Wealthy Arnauts . . . 124
- 05.
Turkish Muleteers in the Herzegovina . . . 127
- 06.
Tirnova . . . 133
- 07.
Bulgarians . . . 138
- 08.
Mussulman of Adrianople, and Mussulman Lady of Prisrend . . . 147
- 09.
Wallachians (Valakhs) . . . 162
- 10.
Belgrade . . . 174
- 11.
The Pennine Alps, as seen from the Becca di Nona (Pic Carrel), 10,380 feet . . . 195
- 12.
Venice . . . 207
- 13.
The Palace at Ferrara . . . 228
- 14.
Verona . . . 229
- 15.
Peasants of the Abruzzos . . . 258
- 16.
Naples . . . 300
- 17.
Capri, seen from Massa Lubrense . . . 302
- 18.
Amalfi . . . 304
- 19.
La Valetta, Malta . . . 337
- 20.
Peasants of Toledo, Castile . . . 390
- 21.
Roman Bridge at Alcántara . . . 391
- 22.
Gorge de los Gaitanes, Defile of Guadalhorce . . . 399
- 23.
Peasants of Córdova, Andalusia . . . 406
- 24.
Gibraltar, as seen from the “Lines” . . . 414
- 25.
Peasants of La Huerta, and Cigarrera of Valencia . . . 419
- 26.
Women of Ibiza, Balearic Isles . . . 425
- 27.
Monserrat, Catalonia . . . 431
- 28.
Barcelona, seen from the Castle of Monjuich . . . 437
- 29.
Gorges of Pancorbo . . . 440
- 30.
Los Pasages . . . 447
- 31.
Oporto . . . 478
- 32.
Lisbon . . . 484
- ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT.
- EUROPE.
- 1.
The Natural Boundary of Europe . . . 7
- 2.
The Relief of Europe . . . 8
- 3.
Development of Coast-lines relatively to Area . . . 14
- 4.
The Isothermal Zone of Europe . . . 17
- THE MEDITERRANEAN.
- 5.
The Depth of the Mediterranean . . . 24
- 6.
The Strait of Gibraltar . . . 26
- 7.
Principal Fisheries of the Mediterranean . . . 30
- 8.
Steamer Routes and Telegraphs . . . 34
- GREECE.
- 9.
MAINOTE
AND
SPARTAN
. . . 42
- 10.
Foreign Elements in the Population of Greece . . . 44
- 11.
MOUNT
PARNASSUS
AND
DELPHI
. . . 46
- 12.
Lower Acarnania . . . 49
- 13.
Thermopylæ . . . 50
- 14.
Lake Copais . . . 52
- 15.
THE
ACROPOLIS
OF
ATHENS
. . . 54
- 16.
Athens and its Long Walls . . . 55
- 17.
Ancient Athens . . . 56
- 18.
MOUNT
TAYGETUS
. . . 58
- 19.
Lakes Phenea and Stymphalus . . . 60
- 20.
The Plateau of Mantinea . . . 62
- 21.
Bifurcation of the Gastuni . . . 63
- 22.
The Valley of the Eurotas . . . 67
- 23.
Euripus and Chalcis . . . 70
- 24.
Nea Kaimeni . . . 72
- 25.
CORFU
. . . 76
- 26.
The Channel of Santa Maura . . . 77
- 27.
Argostoli . . . 79
- TURKEY IN EUROPE.
- 28.
THE
GORGE
OF
HAGIO
RUMELI
. . . 91
- 29.
Crete, or Candia . . . 93
- 30.
The Ægean Sea . . . 95
- 31.
Geological Map of the Peninsula of Constantinople . . . 99
- 32.
The Hellespont, or Dardanelles . . . 105
- 33.
Mount Athos . . . 108
- 34.
MOUNT
OLYMPUS
. . . 110
- 35.
Mount Olympus and the Valley of Tempe . . . 111
- 36.
Southern Epirus . . . 117
- 37.
Subterranean Beds of the Affluents of the Narenta . . . 128
- 38.
Mount Vitosh . . . 132
- 39.
Delta of the Danube . . . 137
- 40.
Comparative Discharge of the Mouths of the Danube . . . 138
- 41.
Commercial Highways converging upon Constantinople . . . 150
- 42.
The Turkish Empire . . . 151
- RUMANIA.
- 43.
The Rumanians . . . 156
- 44.
The Rivers Shil and Olto . . . 158
- 45.
The Danube and Yalomitza . . . 161
- 46.
Ethnological Map of Moldavian Bessarabia . . . 164
- 47.
BUCHAREST
. . . 169
- SERVIA AND MONTENEGRO.
- 48.
Confluence of the Danube and Save . . . 174
- 49.
Montenegro and the Lake of Skodra . . . 180
- ITALY.
- 50.
Rome and the Roman Empire . . . 186
- 51.
MONTE
VISO
. . . 189
- 52.
Grand Paradis . . . 191
- 53.
Plain of Débris between the Alps and Apennines . . . 192
- 54.
Slope of the Valley of the Po . . . 193
- 55.
Mud Volcanoes of the Northern Apennines . . . 194
- 56.
Ancient Glaciers of the Alps . . . 195
- 57.
Serra of Ivrea and Ancient Glacier Lakes of the Dora . . . 196
- 58.
Ancient Lakes of Verbano . . . 197
- 59.
Lake Como . . . 198
- 60–62.
Sections of Lake Como . . . 199
- 63.
VILLA
SERBELLONI
. . . 201
- 64.
Beech and Pine Woods of Ravenna . . . 203
- 65.
Shingle Beds of the Tagliamento, &c. . . . 205
- 66.
Old Bed of the Piave . . . 206
- 67.
Lagoons of Venice . . . 207
- 68.
Colonies of the Roman Veterans . . . 209
- 69.
The Po between Piacenza and Cremona . . . 211
- 70.
German Communes of Northern Italy . . . 216
- 71.
MONTE
ROSA
. . . 217
- 72.
The Lagoons of Comacchio . . . 220
- 73.
The Fisheries of Comacchio . . . 221
- 74.
Mouth of the Adige Valley . . . 223
- 75.
The Passages over the Alps . . . 224
- 76.
The Lakes and Canals of Mantua . . . 227
- 77.
Palmanova . . . 229
- 78.
Junction of the Alps and Apennines . . . 231
- 79.
Genoa and its Suburbs . . . 234
- 80.
GENOA
. . . 235
- 81.
The Gulf of Spezia . . . 237
- 82.
THE
GOLFOLINO
OF
THE
ARNO
. . . 240
- 83.
Defiles of the Arno . . . 241
- 84.
Monte Argentaro . . . 243
- 85.
Val di Chiana . . . 244
- 86.
The Lake of Bientina . . . 245
- 87.
The Malarial Regions . . . 247
- 88.
FLORENCE
. . . 252
- 89.
The Harbour of Leghorn . . . 255
- 90.
The Lake of Bolsena . . . 260
- 91.
La Montagna d’Albano . . . 261
- 92.
Ancient Lake of Fucino . . . 263
- 93.
Lake of Trasimeno . . . 264
- 94.
CAMPAGNA
OF
ROME
. . . 265
- 95.
Pontine Marshes . . . 267
- 96.
Ancient Lakes of the Tiber and Topino . . . 269
- 97.
CASCADES
OF
TERNI
. . . 270
- 98.
The Delta of the Tiber . . . 271
- 99.
PEASANTS
OF
THE
ROMAN
CAMPAGNA
. . . 272
- 100.
ROME
. . . 276
- 101.
The Hills of Rome . . . 278
- 102.
Civita Vecchia . . . 281
- 103.
Valleys of Erosion on the Western Slope of the Apennines . . . 283
- 104.
Rimini and San Marino . . . 285
- 105.
Monte Gargano . . . 287
- 106.
Ashes of the Campania . . . 289
- 107.
ERUPTION
OF
MOUNT
VESUVIUS
. . . 292
- 108.
Educational Map of Italy . . . 297
- 109.
Pompeii . . . 301
- 110.
The Marshes of Salpi . . . 305
- 111.
Harbour of Brindisi in 1871 . . . 307
- 112.
Harbour of Taranto . . . 308
- 113.
Strait of Messina . . . 310
- 114.
Profile of Mount Etna . . . 311
- 115.
Lava Stream of Catania . . . 313
- 116.
Subsidiary Cones of Mount Etna . . . 314
- 117.
The Maccalubas and Girgenti . . . 317
- 118.
PALERMO
AND
MONTE
PELLEGRINO
. . . 324
- 119.
Trapani and Marsala . . . 326
- 120.
Syracuse . . . 328
- 121.
TEMPLE
OF
CONCORD
AT
GIRGENTI
. . . 329
- 122.
The Central Portion of the Æolian Islands . . . 332
- 123.
The Mediterranean to the South of Sicily . . . 334
- 124.
The Port of Malta . . . 336
- 125.
The Sea to the South of Sardinia . . . 339
- 126.
Strait of Bonifacio . . . 340
- 127.
La Giara . . . 345
- 128.
District of Iglesias . . . 348
- 129.
CAGLIARI
. . . 350
- 130.
Port of Terranova . . . 351
- 131.
Navigation of Italy . . . 355
- 132.
Commercial Routes of Italy . . . 356
- 133.
Submarine Plateau between Corsica and Tuscany . . . 364
- 134.
Profile of the Road from Ajaccio to Bastia . . . 365
- 135.
BASTIA
. . . 368
- SPAIN.
- 136.
Table-lands of Iberian Peninsula . . . 371
- 137.
Dehesas near Madrid . . . 375
- 138.
Density of Population . . . 376
- 139.
Profile of Railway from Bayonne to Cádiz . . . 379
- 140.
Sierras de Grédos and de Gata . . . 380
- 141.
DEFILE
OF
THE
TAJO
. . . 382
- 142.
Steppes of New Castile . . . 384
- 143.
Salamanca . . . 388
- 144.
THE
ALCAZAR
OF
SEGOVIA
. . . 389
- 145.
TOLEDO
. . . 390
- 146.
Madrid and its Environs . . . 392
- 147.
Aranjuez . . . 394
- 148.
Basins of the Guadiana and Guadalquivir . . . 395
- 149.
THE
PASS
OF
DESPEÑAPERROS
. . . 396
- 150.
THE
SIERRA
NEVADA
. . . 397
- 151.
The Mouth of the Guadalquivir . . . 399
- 152.
The Steppes of Ecija . . . 402
- 153.
Zones of Vegetation on the Coast of Andalusia . . . 403
- 154.
The Mines of Huelva . . . 406
- 155.
THE
ALHAMBRA
. . . 408
- 156.
Cádiz and its Roadstead . . . 411
- 157.
Gibraltar . . . 413
- 158.
Steppes of Múrcia . . . 416
- 159.
THE
PALM
GROVE
OF
ELCHE
. . . 418
- 160.
The Palm Grove of Elche and the Huertas of Orihuela . . . 419
- 161.
RUINS
OF
THE
DYKE
ABOVE
LORCA
. . . 420
- 162.
PEASANTS
OF
MURCIA
. . . 421
- 163.
The Harbour of Cartagena . . . 423
- 164.
The Gráo de Valencia . . . 424
- 165.
The Balearic Islands . . . 426
- 166.
VIEW
OF
IBIZA
. . . 427
- 167.
The Pytiuses . . . 428
- 168.
Port Mahon . . . 430
- 169.
The Delta of the Ebro . . . 435
- 170.
The Steppes of Aragon . . . 436
- 171.
The Environs of Barcelona . . . 440
- 172.
The Sand-banks of Mataró . . . 441
- 173.
Andorra . . . 443
- 174.
Jaizquibel . . . 445
- 175.
Azcoitia and Azpeitia . . . 447
- 176.
The Environs of Bilbao . . . 449
- 177.
St. Sebastian . . . 450
- 178.
ST.
SEBASTIAN
. . . 451
- 179.
Guetaria . . . 452
- 180.
Guernica . . . 453
- 181.
Pass of Reinosa . . . 454
- 182.
Peñas de Europa . . . 456
- 183.
Rias of La Coruña and Ferrol . . . 458
- 184.
Santoña and Santander . . . 460
- 185.
Oviedo and Gijon . . . 462
- 186.
TOWER
OF
HERCULES
. . . 463
- 187.
Ria de Vigo . . . 464
- 188.
Railroads of the Iberian Peninsula . . . 465
- 189.
Foreign Commerce of the Iberian Peninsula . . . 466
- 190.
Diagram exhibiting the Extent of the Castilian Language . . . 467
- PORTUGAL.
- 191.
Rainfall of the Iberian Peninsula . . . 470
- 192.
PORTUGUESE
TYPES
(Peasants) . . . 472
- 193.
The Valley of the Limia, or Lima . . . 475
- 194.
Dunes of Avéiro . . . 476
- 195.
Oporto and the Paiz do Vinho . . . 478
- 196.
São João da Foz and the Mouth of the Dóuro . . . 480
- 197.
COIMBRA
. . . 482
- 198.
The Estuary of the Tejo (Tagus) . . . 483
- 199.
Peniche and the Berlingas . . . 485
- 200.
Mouth of the Tejo . . . 486
- 201.
Zones of Vegetation in Portugal . . . 488
- 202.
CASTLE
OF
PENHA
DE
CINTRA
. . . 489
- 203.
MONASTERY
OF
THE
KNIGHTS
OF
CHRIST
AT
THOMAR
. . . 491
- 204.
Estuary of the Sado . . . 492
- 205.
Serra de Monchique and Promontory of Sagres . . . 493
- 206.
Geology of Algarve . . . 494
- 207.
Faro and Tavira . . . 496
- 208.
Geographical Extent of the Portuguese Language . . . 497
- 209.
Telegraph from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro
. . . 498