The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Icelandic Primer, by Henry Sweet

nā wv. 1, reach, obtain; succeed in.

nǣr adv. w. dat. near; nearly. superl. næst--'þvī n.,' thereupon.

nǣtr see nātt.

nafn sn. name.

nakkvarr prn. some, a certain. nakkvat adv. somewhat; perhaps.

nātt sf. 3, night.

nātt-bōl sn. night-quarters.

nātt-langt adv. the whole night long.

nātt-staðr sm. night-quarters.

nāttūra wf. nature, peculiarity.

nātt-verðr sm. 2, supper.

nauð-syn sf. necessity.

naut see njōta.

neðan adv. below. fyrir n. prp. w. dat. below.

nęfja adj. long-nosed (?).

nęfna wv. 1, name, call. nęfnask, name oneself, give one's name as [nafn].

nema sv. 4, take; begin.

nema adv. except, unless.

nest sn. provisions.

nest-baggi sm. provision-bag.

niðr adv. down, downwards.

nīundi adj. ninth.

njōsn sf. spying; news.

njōsna wv. 3, spy; get intelligence.

njōta sv. 7, enjoy, profit.

norðr adv. northwards.

nǫkkvi wm. vessel, small ship.

nū adv. now; therefore, so.

nȳ-vaknaðr adj. (ptc.) newly awoke.

nȳr adj. new.

nȳta wv. 1, profit [njōta].

oddr sm. point.

ōð-fūss adj. madly eager.

ōðr adj. mad, furious.

œ̄pa wv. 1, shout [ōp, 'shout'].

œrit adv. enough; very.

of prp. w. dat. over; during; with respect to, about. adv. too (of excess).

of adv., often used in poetry as a mere expletive.

of-veikr adj. too weak.

ofan adv. above; down.

ofan-verðr adj. upper, on the top.

ōk see aka.

ok conj. and; also--'ok...ok,' both...and; but.

okkr see þū.

opt adv. often. compar. optar, oftener, again.

ōr prp. w. dat. out of.

orð sn. word--'ī ǫðru orði,' otherwise.

orðinn see verða.

orð-sęnding sf. verbal message.

orð-tak sn. expression, word.

ormr sm. serpent, dragon; ship with a dragon's head.

orrosta wf. battle.

oss see ek.

ōtta wf. the end of night, just before dawn.

ōttalaust adj. without fear.

ōx see vaxa.

oxi wm. ox.

ǫðlask wv. 3, obtain.

ǫðru see annarr.

ǫl sn. ale.

ǫldnu see aldinn.

ǫndōttr adj. fierce.

ǫnd-vegi sn. high seat, dais.

ǫnnur see annar.

ǫr sf. arrow.

ör-æfi sn. harbourless coast.

örendi sn. errand.

örendi sn. holding the breath, breath.

örind-reki sm. messenger [reka].

öxn see oxi.

pati sm. rumour.

pęnningr sm. penny.

rāð sn. advice; what is advisable--'sjā eitt at rāði,' consider advisable; plan, policy, resolution.

rāða sv. 1, advise, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.; consider, deliberate; undertake, begin w. prp. til or infin.; dispose of, have control over w. prp. fyrir.

rāða-gǫ̈rð sf. deliberation, decision.

rāðugr adj. sagacious.

ragna-rökr sn. twilight of the gods, end of the world. [ragna gen. of ręgin neut. plur. 'gods.']

ragr adj. cowardly.

rāku see reka.

rann see ręnna.

rās sf. race.

rauðr adj. red.

rausn sf. magnificence, anything magnificent.

rēð see rāða.

reið sf. chariot.

reið see rīða.

reiða wv. 1, swing, wield, brandish.

reið-fara adj. --'vera vel r.,' have a good passage.

reiði sn. trappings, harness.

reiðr adj. angry.

reka sv. 7, drive; carry out; perform. 'r. af tjǫld,' take down awning.

rękkja wf. bed.

ręnna sv. 3, run.

rētta wv. 1, direct; reach, stretch. r. upp, pull up.

rēttr adj. right, correct; equitable, fair.

reyna wv. 1, try, test.

reyr-bǫnd supl. the wire with which the arrow-head was bound to the shaft.

rīða sv. 6, w. dat. ride.

riðu see rīða.

riðlask wv. 3, set oneself in motion.

rīki sn. power; sovereignty, reign.

rīkr adj. powerful, distinguished.

ripti sn. linen cloth.

rita wv. 3, write.

rōa sv. 1, row.

rœða wv. 1, talk about, discuss.

röra see rōa.

rǫst sf. league.

sā prn. that; he; such, such a one.

sā see sjā.

sær sm. sea.

særa wv. 1, wound [sār].

sæti sn. seat [sitja].

sætt sf. 2, reconciliation, peace.

sættask wv. 1, be reconciled, agree.

saga wf. narrative, history, story.

sagða see sęgja.

saka wv. impers. w. acc.--'hann (acc.) sakaði ekki,' he was not injured.

sakna wv. 3, w. gen. miss.

sāl sf. 2, soul.

sāld sn. gallon.

salr sm. 2, hall.

saman adv. together.

sami weak adj. same.

sam-laga wf. laying ships together for battle.

samt adv. together.

sannligr adj. probable; suitable, right.

sannr adj. true.

sār sn. wound.

sārr adj. wounded.

sat see sitja.

satt see sannr.

sē see vera.

sē see sjā.

sefask wv. 3, be pacified.

sęgja wv. 1b, say, relate [saga].

segl sn. sail.

seilask wv. 1, stretch intr.

seinn adj. late, slow, tedious. seint adv. slowly.

sęlja wv. 1, give; sell.

sem adv. as; w. subj. as if; to strengthen the superl.--'sem mest,' the most possible, as much as possible.

sęnda wv. 1, send.

sęndi-maðr sm. messenger.

sęnn adv. at the same time, at once; immediately, forthwith.

sēnn see sjā.

sēr see sik.

sēr see sjā.

sēt see sjā.

set-berg sn. seat-shaped rock, crag [sitja].

sętja wv. 1, set, place. s. fram, launch (a ship). sętjask, sit down. sętjask upp, sit up [sitja].

sī-byrða wv. 1, w. dat. lay a ship alongside another. neut. ptc. sībyrt, close up to [borð].

sīð adv. late. comp. sīðar, later, afterwards. superl. sīðast, latest, last.

sīða wf. side.

sīðan adv. afterwards, then; since.

sīðari adj. comp. later, second (in order).

siðr sm. 3, custom.

sīga sv. 6, sink.

sigla wf. mast [segl].

sigla wv. 1, sail.

siglu-skeið sn. middle of a ship.

sigr (-rs) sm. victory.

sigr-ōp shout of victory.

sik prn. oneself.

silfr sn. silver.

sīn see sik.

sinn sn. time (of repetition)--'einu sinni,' once, for once. 'eigi optar at sinni,' not oftener than that time, i.e. only once.

sinn see sik.

sitja sv. 5, sit. s. fyrir, sit in readiness.

sjā = þessi.

sjā sv. 5, see; 's. fyrir einu,' look after, take care of. impers. 'lītt sēr þat ā, at'...it will hardly be seen that... sjāsk, see one another, meet.

sjālfr prn. self.

sjōða sv. 7, boil; cook.

sjōn sf. sight.

sjōn-hvęrfing sf. ocular delusion.

skal see skulu.

skalf see skjālfa.

skāli wm. hall.

skammr adj. short.

skap sn. state, condition; state of mind, mood, humour.

skapligr adj. suitable, fit.

skapt sn. shaft, handle.

skar see skera.

skarð sn. notch, gap; defect.

skaut see skjōta.

skęgg sn. beard; beak (of a ship).

skeið sn. race-course, running-ground; race--'taka sk.,' start in a race.

skeina wv. 1, graze.

skellr sm. knock.

skęmtun sf. amusement, entertainment [skammr, literally 'shortening (of time)'].

skera sv. cut, cut up; kill (animal).

skiljask wv. 1, separate, part intr.

skillingr sm. shilling, coin.

skilnaðr sm. separation, parting.

skip sn. ship.

skipa wv. 3, order, arrange, prepare, fit out. 'sk. til um eitt,' make arrangements for. skipask, take one's place; change, alter intr.

skipa-hęrr sm. fleet.

skipan sf. arranging; ship's crew.

skips-brot sn. shipwreck.

skip-stjōrnar-maðr sm. (steerer), commander of a ship, captain.

skjald-borg sf. wall of shields, testudo.

skjālfa sv. 3, shake intr.

skjōta sv. 7, w. dat. shoot, throw, push.

skjōt-fœri sn. swiftness.

skjōt-leikr sm. swiftness.

skjōt-liga adv. swiftly, quick.

skjōtr adj. swift, quick. skjōtt adv. quickly.

skjǫldr sm. 3, shield.

skōgr sm. forest, wood.

skorta wv. 1, impers. w. acc. of pers. and of thing, want, fail.

skot sn. shot; missile [skjōta].

skot-māl sn. shot-measure, range.

skotta wv. 3, dangle--sk. við drift (of ships).

skǫkull sm. shaft (of a cart).

skǫmm sf. disgrace, shame.

skǫr sf. hair of the head.

skreppa wf. bag, wallet.

skulfu see skjālfa.

skulu swv. shall.

skuta wf. small ship, cutter.

skutill sm. trencher, small table.

skutil-sveinn sm. page, chamberlain.

skutu see skjōta.

skykkr sm. shake--'ganga skykkjum,' shake.

skylda see skulu.

skyldr adj. obliged, obligatory, bound [skulu].

skyn sn. understanding, insight--'kunna, sk.' understand.

skynda wv. 1, hasten, bring in haste.

skyndiliga adv. hastily, quickly.

skynsamliga adv. intelligently, carefully.

skȳt see skjōta.

slā sv. 2, strike. 'slā eldi ī,' light a fire.

slæliga adv. sluggishly, weakly.

slær adj. blunt.

slær see slā.

slātr sn. meat.

sleikja wv. lick.

sleit see slīta.

slēttr adj. level, smooth; comfortable, easy.

slīkr adj. such.

slīta sv. 6, tear--sl. upp, pull up; w. dat. break (agreement).

smæri see smār.

smār adj. small, insignificant.

smā-skip snpl. small ships.

smā-skūta wf. small cutter.

smjūga sv. 7, squeeze through, slip.

smugu see smjūga.

snarpligr adj. vigorous.

snarpr adj. sharp; vigorous.

snimma adv. early.

snöra see snūa.

snūa sv. 1, w. dat. turn or (trans.) direct; twist, plait. snūask, turn (intr.).

soðinn see sjōða.

sœkja wv. 1c, seek; go--'s. aptr,' retreat.

sœmð sf. honour [sōma].

sœtti see sœkja.

sofa sv. 4, sleep.

sofna wv. 3, go to sleep.

sǫgur see saga.

sǫk sf. cause--'fyrir þā s. at'..., because.

sökkva sv. 3, sink.

sōl sf. sun.

sōl-skin sn. sunshine.

soltinn adj. hungry [ptc. of 'svelta,' starve].

sōma wv. 2, w. dat., be suitable, befitting.

sōmi wm. honour.

sonr sm. son.

sōtt sf. illness.

sōtta see sœkja.

sǫx snpl. raised prow of a war-ship.

spala see spǫlr.

sparask wv. 2, spare oneself, reserve one's energy.

spęnna (spęnta) wv. 1, w. dat. of thing, gird, buckle on.

spjōt sn. spear.

sporðr sm. tail.

spori sm. spur.

spǫlr sm. rail.

sprakk see springa.

sprętta wv. 1, split.

springa sv. 3, burst.

spurða see spyrja.

spyrja wv. 1b, ask; hear of, learn--'sp. til eins,' have news of, hear of his arrival. spyrjask, be known.

spyrna wv. 1, kick.

staddr adj. placed, staying [ptc. of 'stęðja,' place].

staðr sm. place--'ī staðinn,' instead.

stafaðr adj. (ptc.) striped.

staf-karl sm. (staff-man), beggar.

stafn sm. prow.

stafn-būi wm. prow-man.

stafn-lē wm. grappling-hook.

stafr sm. 2 (gen. sg. stafs), staff, stick.

stakk see stinga.

stallari sm. marshall.

standa sv. 2, stand. st. upp, stand up, rise.

starfa wv. 3, work.

stęfna wv. 1, steer; take a course, go.

steig see stīga.

steinn sm. stone; jewel.

stela sv. 4, w. dat. of thing and acc. of pers. steal, rob.

stęndr see standa.

stęrkliga adv. vigorously.

stęrkr adj. strong.

steypa wv. 1, w. dat. of thing, throw; pull off. steypask, throw oneself.

stīga sv. 6, advance, walk, go. st. upp, mount (horse).

stīgr sm. path, way.

stikill sm. point.

stilla (stilta) wv. 1, arrange. st. til, arrange, dispose.

stinga sv. 3, pierce; 'st. stǫfnum at skipi,' run the prow against a ship's side.

stirt adv. harshly [neut. of 'stirðr,' stiff].

stōð see standa.

stœrri see stōr.

stōkkva sv. 3, spring, rebound, start back.

stolinn see stela.

stōrliga adv. bigly, arrogantly.

stōr-mannligr adj. magnificent, aristocratic.

stōr-męnni sn. great men (collective), aristocracy.

stōrr adj. big, great. stōrum adv. greatly.

stōr-rāðr adj. (great of plans), ambitious.

stōr-skip sn. big ship.

stōr-virki sn. great deed.

strā wv. 1, strew, cover with straw.

strauk see strjūka.

stręngr sm. 2, string.

strjūka sv. 7, stroke.

stund sf. period of time, time.

stutt adv. shortly, abruptly [neut. of 'stuttr' short].

stȳra wv. 1, w. dat. steer.

stȳri sn. rudder.

stȳris-hnakki wm. top piece of rudder.

styrkr sm. strength; help.

sū see sā.

suðr adv. southward.

suðr-ganga wf. journey south (to Rome).

sukku see sökkva.

sumar sn. summer.

sumr prn. some.

sund sn. sound, channel.

svā adv. so, as; as soon as. 'ok svā,' also.

svaf see sofa.

svara wv. 3, w. dat. of thing, answer.

svardagi sm. oath.

sveinn sm. boy.

sveinn-stauli wm. small boy.

sveit sf. troop.

svelga sv. 3, swallow, gulp.

sverð sn. sword.

sverðs-hǫgg sn. swordstroke.

svipan sf. jerk; moment.

svipting sf. pull, struggle.

sȳnask wv. 1, seem [sjōn].

syni see sonr.

systir sf. 3, sister.

taka wv. 2, w. acc. take, seize, take possession of; w. inf. begin; w. dat. receive (well, ill, etc.). takask, take place, begin. t. at, choose. t. til, engage in, try. t. upp, take to, choose.

tala wf. talk, speech.

tala wv. 3, speak, talk about, discuss.

taliðr see tęlja.

tālma wv. 3, hinder.

tār sn. tear.

taumar smpl. reins.

tękinn see taka.

tęlja wv. 1b, count, recount; account, consider; relate, say [tala].

tęngðir sfpl. relationship, connection by marriage.

tęngja wv. 1, bind, fasten together.

tęngsl snpl. cable.

tīða wv. 1, impers. w. acc. desire.

tīðindi snpl. tidings, news.

tīðr adj. usual, happening--'hvat er tītt um þik?' what is the matter with you? tītt adv. often, quickly--'sem tīðast,' as quickly as possible.

tiginn adj. of high rank.

tigr sm. --'fjōrir tigir,' forty.

til prp. w. gen. to; till; for (of use)--'alt er t. vāpna var,' everything that could be used as a missile; for (of object, intention)--'brjōta lęgg til męrgjar,' break a leg to get at the marrow; with respect to--'til vista var eigi gott,' they were not well off for provisions.

til adv. too (of excess).

til-vīsan sf. direction, guidance.

tītt see tīðr.

tīvi wm. god.

tjald sn. tent.

tjūgu-skęgg sn. forked beard.

tœka see taka.

tōk see taka.

tǫnn sf. 3, tooth.

trani wm. crane.

trē sn. tree.

troða sv. tread.

trog sn. trough.

tros sn. droppings, rubbish.

trūa wf. faith--'þat veit tr. mīn at...,' by my faith.

trūa wv. 2, w. dat. of pers. believe, trust, rely on.

tūn sn. enclosure, dwelling.

tveir num. two.

tȳna wv. 1, w. dat. lose.

typpa wv. tie in a top-knot.

þā see sā.

þā see þiggja.

þā adv. then.

þær see sā.

þakðr see þękja.

þakka wv. 3, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers. thank; requite, reward.

þambar-skęlfir sm. bowstring-shaker (?).

þann see sā.

þannig adv. thither; so [= þann veg].

þar adv. there; then; 'þ. af,' etc., thereof. 'þar sem,' since, because. 'þar til,' until.

þarf see þurfa.

þat see sā.

þau see sā.

þegar adv. at once. 'þ. er,' as soon as.

þęginn see þiggja.

þęgja wv. 1b, be silent.

þeim see sā.

þeir, þeirra see sā.

þękja wv. 1b, roof.

þękkja wv. 1, notice. þękkjask, take pleasure in; accept.

þēr see þū.

þess see sā.

þess adv. w. comp. the, so much the.

þessi prn. this.

þiggja sv. 5, receive.

þik see þū.

þing sn. meeting, parliament.

þinn see þū.

þit see þū.

þjōð sf. nation, race.

þō adv. though, yet.

þǫkð see þękja.

þǫkk sf. thanks, gratitude [þakka].

þola wv. 2, endure, put up with.

þora wv. 2, dare.

þǫrf sf. need.

þorrinn see þverra.

þōtt adv. though [= þō at].

þōtta see þykkja.

þraut see þrjōta.

þreifask wv. 3, grope, feel.

þreyta wv. 1, make exertions, try.

þriði adj. third.

þriðjungr sm. third.

þrīr num. three.

þrjōta sv. 7, impers. w. acc. of pers. come to an end, fail.

þrūðugr adj. mighty.

þū prn. thou.

þumlungr sm. thumb of glove.

þunn-vangi wm. temple (of head).

þurðr sm. diminution.

þurfa swv. often impers. require, need.

þurr adj. dry.

þurs sm. giant.

þverra sv. 3, diminish.

þvers adv. across.

þvī see sā.

þvī adv. therefore; w. compar. the, so much the more.

þvīlikr adj. such.

þykkja wv. 1c, seen, be considered. 'þykkir einum fyrir,' there seems to be something in the way, one hesitates. 'myndi mēr fyrir þ. ī,' I should be displeased. þykkjask, think.

þykkr adj. thick, close.

þynna wv. 1, make thin. þynnask get thin.

þyrstr adj. (ptc.) thirsty.

ū-fœra wf. impassable place; fix, difficulty.

ū-friðr sm. hostility, war.

ū-grynni sn. countless number [grunnr, 'bottom'].

ū-happ sn. misfortune.

ū-hreinn adj. impure.

um prp. w. acc. around, about, over; of time in, at; of superiority beyond; concerning, about.

um-rāð sn. advice, help.

um-sjā sf. care.

una wv. 1, w. dat. be contented--'u. illa,' be discontented.

undan prp. w. dat., adv. away (from).

undarliga adv. strangely.

undarligr adj. strange.

undir prp. w. acc. and dat. under.

undr sn. wonder.

ungr adj. young.

unninn see vinna.

unz adv. until.

upp adv. up.

upp-ganga wf. boarding (ship).

upp-haf sn. beginning [hęfja].

upp-himinn sm. high heaven.

uppi adv. up; at an end.

urðu see verða.

ūt adv. out. comp. utar, outer, outwards, farther away.

utan adv. outside; outwards.

utan-fęrð sf. journey abroad.

utar see ūt.

ūti adv. outside, out on the sea.

ūt-lausn sf. ransom.

ū-vinr sm. enemy.

vægð sf. forbearance.

vænn adj. likely, to be expected.

væri see vera.

vætr neut. nothing.

vaka wv. 3, be awake, wake up.

vakna wv. 3, awake.

vald sn. power, control.

val-kyrja sf. chooser of the slain, war-goddess [kjōsa].

valr sm. corpses on the battle-field.

vān, sf. hope, expectation, probability.

vandræða-skāld sn. the 'awkward' poet, the poet who is difficult to deal with.

vandræði snpl. difficulty.

vangi wm. cheek.

vanr adj. accustomed.

vāpn sn. weapon.

vāpna-burð sm. bearing weapons, shower of missiles.

vāpn-lauss adj. without weapons.

var see vera.

vār sn. spring.

vār see ek.

vara wv. 2, impers. w. acc. of pers.--'mik varði,' I expected.

varð see verða.

varði see vęrja.

vargr sm. wolf.

variðr see vęrja.

varla adv. scarcely.

varnaðr sm. goods, merchandise.

vāru see vera.

vatn sn. water.

vaxa sv. 2, grow; increase.

veðr sn. weather.

vegr sm. road; way, manner; direction, side; in composition, region, tract, land.

veik see vikja.

veit see vita.

veita wv. 1, give, grant; make (resistance, etc.).

vękja wv. 1b, wake [vaka].

vēl sf. artifice, cunning.

vęlja wv. 1b, choose.

vęndi see vǫndr.

vēr see ek.

vera sv. exist; remain, stay, happen; be. 'hvat lātum hafði verit,' what had caused the noise. v. at, be occupied with.

verð sn. worth, value; price.

verða sv. 3, happen; happen to come. 'v. fyrir einum,' come in one's way, appear before one; become; come into being, be; 'v. til eins,' be ready for, undertake; w. infin. be obliged, must. 'nū er ā orðit mikit fyrir mēr,' now I have come into a great perplexity, difficulty. v. at, happen.

verðr adj. worth; important.

ver-gjarn adj. desirous of a husband, loose.

verit see vera.

vert see verðr.

vęrja wv. 1b, defend--'v. baki,' defend with the back, turn one's back on.

vęrja wv. 1b, dress; lay out money, invest.

verk sn. work, job.

verr sm. man; husband.

vęrr adv. comp. worse. superl. vęrst, worst.

verǫld sf. world.

vestan adv. from the west. 'v. fyrir' w. gen. or acc., west of.

vestr adv. westwards.

vetr sm. winter; year.

vęx see vaxa.

vęxti see vǫxtr.

við prp. w. acc. by, near; towards (of place and time); with (of various relations). w. dat. towards, at (laugh at, etc.); in exchange for, for.

vīða adv. widely, far and wide, on many sides.

viðar-teinungr sm. tree-shoot, plant.

við-bragð sn. push.

viðr sm. 3, tree.

vīðr adj. wide, broad.

við-skipti snpl. dealings.

við-taka wf. reception; resistance.

vīgja wv. 1, consecrate, hallow.

vīgr adj. warlike, able-bodied.

vīking sf. piracy, piratical expedition.

vīkingr sm. pirate.

vīkja sv. 6, turn, move, go.