282 Talmukara تال مكارا, or Talmukana تال مكهانة.—“Bartleria longifolia.” A seed, very small, and like the zeera, red, the color of Toodrie, but the Toodrie is round, whereas this is longish and smaller. The plant is knotted like a reed, and has prickles on the joints. The flower is like the lotus, but is whiter. It is cool and heavy; increases seminal secretion, and cures disorders of wind and blood; it forms an ingredient in all aphrodisiac formulæ; it is taken mixed with cow’s milk, either cold or boiled. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus described.

Talmukana is a medicine of India; its seed of a brown color, like that of the Anjera; cool and moist; used as an aphrodisiac, in cases of seminal weakness, in gonorrhœa, and in chancres. It is astringent; strengthens the system; is flatulent, and not easy of digestion: its corrector is sugar; its succed. Moosliesia. The dose six masha.

283 Taal تال, or Taar.—“Borassus Flabelliformis.” A very high tree, about 60 feet, more or less; very common in the Deccan and in Bengal. At Agra it is more common than at Delhi; the leaves grow at the top of the stem; they are broad and long; and of these are formed Punkahs, which are much esteemed and carried to various parts. They are also used for writing upon; its fruit is like the cocoanut; the kernel of the fruit is cut into pieces, and ate with sherbet and sugar; it is very sweet to the taste, and is called the Tirkool.

The upper part of the stem of the fruit is cut across, and the liquid which exudes from the wound, received into earthen vessels called Labnahs, and these fill several times in the course of the day. This liquor is called Taarie: when fresh drawn and before the sun is above the horizon, it is sweet to the taste; but it soon becomes fermented, and is then intoxicating. It is cool and moist, beneficial in disorders of wind and bile, also in boils and eruptions. It is both aperient, and aphrodisiac. A liquor distilled from the Taarie, is to be preferred: roasted or stewed meat should be eaten along with it. It produces pains in the limbs, and heaviness of the head, and is as intoxicating as spirits. The fruit is sweet and cool, heavy and flatulent, causes pains in the limbs, cures affections of wind, bile, blood, and bruises; it relieves general heat, and allays thirst. Its seed is also sweet, cool, and diuretic; useful in disorders of wind and bile. P. Khoormae Aboojile, or Khoormae Hindee. A. it is called Doom, but the author of the Munhage says, that Doom means the Googul tree. The Maadentezerrubad thus describes it: taar is a tree like the date tree; its leaves about a yard long; the kernel of the fruit is often sold for the sea cocoanut. The juice of this tree is the taarie, so well known; it is equally hot and cold, and moist in the 2nd degree. It is aphrodisiac and diuretic, induces corpulency, and if taken to excess produces intoxication and head-ache. If fresh drawn, it is sweet and less intoxicating; but allowed to remain for a night, it becomes acid, and then it is very inebriating. The fresh taarie improves the complexion, moistens the brain; is beneficial in hectic fever, in difficulty of breathing, in depression of the spirits, and is aperient. If allowed to remain long, it becomes sour, smells very strong; is heating, and causes vomiting and indigestion.

In the Lyzuttoor rejal, it is thus mentioned: taarrie is an intoxicating produce of the taar tree, very common to the eastward. The tree resembles the date tree, but its leaves are different: when fresh, the taarie is hot and moist, induces corpulency; is aphrodisiac, diuretic, and when it has acquired a strong smell, is intoxicating, and in that state, it is very heating, and produces indigestion, with heaviness of the brain. The sherbet of the pomegranate allays vomiting brought on by its use. Its succedaneum is a decoction of dates called Sendhi.

284 Taalesputter تالش پتر.—A name of Talesphir; of this there are many and various accounts, some call it the leaf of the wild olive, zeatoon, and others call it the bark of the Lissaan nulaej safeer, or Biss’bassa. The author of the Topha says, that he considers it the same as the Tewaje Kutai. The people of India deem it hot, light, aphrodisiac, stomachic, promoting digestion, curing difficulty of breathing, cough, disorders of phlegm, badgola, and hectic fever.

285 Tanbirr تانبر.—“Copper.” It is sweet, cool, light, and aperient: cures disorders of bile and phlegm; useful in marasmus, Juzam, piles, asthma, swellings, cough, and ague. It is caustic, and in A. is called Nowhass. P. Miss. The physicians of India use it in a calcined form, and speak much in its favour. If it be properly prepared, it will be soluble in water. In my opinion, if it does not produce heat in the blood, nausea, pains in the bones, and joints, giddiness, and confusion of ideas, it will be fortunate, and will be a sign, that it has been well prepared; and should it stand both these tests, it may be used with comparative safety.

286 Taberuck تبرک.—A tree, the produce of Arabia; its fruit and flower resembling the rose; during digestion it is bitter and hot; removes bile, and blisters, and seminal debility.

287 Tubasheer تبا شير, or Tubakeer, names of Bunslochun.

288 Tuputtee تپتى or Typsie, a trefoil grass.

289 Tatyrie تتيرى, in P. called Teetoo; a bird, the meat of which produces wind. “Tringa Goensis.”

290 Tittereek تتريك, sometimes called Tintereek.—Its fruit, when unripe, is beneficial in disorders of wind; is vermifuge, and destroys worms in the rectum; it is very heavy; but when ripe, is light and astringent, and is useful in weakness of the digestive organs, and cures disorders of phlegm and wind. A. Simaak.

291 Tudje تجى.—Laurus Cassie? Some say that this is Kirfa, and others Syleekha; also called Keelkheela; it is in Indian works described as cool and pungent; it cures disorders of phlegm, and more especially dissipates collections of it in the small intestines; clears the passage to the stomach or œsophagus, and promotes digestion.

292 Tedhara تدهارا.—“Euphorbia Antiquorum.” A kind of Seehund.

293 Turkool تركول.—The fruit of the Taar tree, vide Taal.

294 Tarkoota تركوتا, or Terookhun.—The title of a formulæ composed of peepul, pepper, and ginger, in equal parts. It creates appetite and promotes digestion; cures difficulty of breathing, cough, local affections of the skin, badgola, seminal weakness, phlegm, swelling of the testicles, and diseases of the nostrils.

295 Terisgundh تيرس گندة or Tirjatuck.—The name of the following formulæ. Small cardamums, Kerfa, Tezpat, in equal parts. It is said to remedy disorders of phlegm.

296 Tirtuck ترتك.—A kind of rice, of the same properties as the Saathie.

297 Tirmirra ترمرا.—The best kind of this grows in gardens. It is hot in the 2nd degree, dry in the 1st. When fresh, it is moist, and its juice is excellent in wounds and ulcers; it is diuretic and aperient; produces frequent inclination to aphrodisia, and causes blindness. Its corrector is Káou (Lettuce), or Kasni (Endive), or Koorfa, or Till. It increases the secretion of semen, and thickens its consistence. It is an antidote to the bite of the mongoose. If bruised and applied to the root of the acid pomegranate it will render it sweet. A. Jerjeer.

298 Tersindiaturnie ترسيدياترنى.—A kind of Jeeaphul; see I.

299 Teraemanna ترماننا, called also Teraman.—It is cool, sweet, and useful in pains of the stomach, in mucus, super-abundance of blood, giddiness, thirst, delirium, poisons, and vomiting. Manna.

300 Teroor ترور, called also great Dathun.—Bitter and cool; strengthens eye-sight; cures bile, heat, diseases of the mouth and hepatic eruptions.

301 Tirnie ترنى.—Cool and sweet, increasing eye-sight, beneficial in bilious disorders, bile, heat, thirst, vomiting, and eruptions of the mouth.

302 Tirdisha تردشا.—A name for Mahomeed.

303 Tyrphilla ترپہلا.—The name for Hurr, Bhaera, and Anula.

304 Tirpurnie ترپونى.—An appellation for Jalpurnie or Tirpunnie.

305 Takkur تكر.—The name given to a mixture of Dhaie and water.

306 Tuggur تگر.—A name for Asaroon (Asarabece); it is sweet, hot, moist, light, and an antidote to poisons. It cures epilepsy, delirium, affections of the eyes, wind, and mucus. One kind of it is red. (Asarum), excellent errhine.

307 Teluck تلك.—A flower like the Till; hot, beneficial in mucous disorders, and Juzam; an ingredient in favourite formulæ.

308 Telk تلک.—Ginger.

309 Till or Tillee تلى.—The name of a seed, from which oil is extracted, and which leaves much refuse after the oil has been drawn. When green, it is dry, increases knowledge, and promotes appetite. Is astringent, reduces corpulency, clears the voice and complexion, and allays thirst. There are three kinds of this, the 1st called Pooth, the 2nd Tilbund, or white Till, the 3rd is wild; it is heavy and astringent, increases mucus and bile, strengthens the head, cures boils, and all rheumatic affections. Is stomachic, increases knowledge, and restrain the secretion of urine. The best kind is black, next the white, and last in order the red. The flower of the Till is useful in disorders of the eye, such as specks, and that affection called Nachoona, and is applied mixed with Soorma with good effect. This is stated both in the Ejalenapheh and Elajejul-umrae.

310 Toolsi تلسى.—“Ocimum Sanctum. (Roxb. MS.) Shrubby, hairy, branches four-sided, leaves ovate, oblong, serrated with margins, and petioles hairy; bractes petioled, ovate, cordate, ciliate, upper lip of the calyx round, cordate, and hairy, with corol twice its length. Its seed, Tookmi Rehan, H. of a mucilaginous nature.”

A common plant, about a yard high or more; its leaves small and longish, and serrated at the edges. The Hindoos consider it as very sacred, and worship it. It is a species of sweet basil (Raihan); bitter, pungent, hot, cardiac, and stomachic. It increases bile and general heat, cures Juzam, difficulty in making water, affections of the liver and blood.

311 Tumakoo تنباكو.—Nicotiana Tabacum, W. It is said in the Dara Shekoi, that it was first sown in India during the reign of Akber, or in the year of the Hidjera 1014, when it was imported from Europe, and sown by his order; now it is every where common, and is generally smoked. In the opinion of Hukeem Alli Gheelanee, it is hot and dry; its smoke from its heating quality confuses the ideas, and reduces the strength; from its discutient property, it weakens the brain, and depresses the spirits. Those who are of a cold, moist temperament, may derive benefit from its use, but those who are of equal temperament cannot use it with impunity. It is useful in piles the consequence of cold, also in waterbrash, and complaints of this nature; it promotes digestion and dissipates flatulent pains. It increases the strength of vision when it is weakened by the effects of cold, but adds to it when it has been caused by heat. In difficulty of breathing or pain in the chest, proceeding from an accumulation of viscid phlegm, it is very useful. It is prejudicial in thin spare habits; it shuts all the passages, decreases the power of the absorbents, and consequently prevents the absorption of chyle, thereby weakening the system, and drying up and emaciating the body. It produces hectic fever in the aged, and many other disorders in which medicine is useless. Its corrector, according to the author of the Dara Shekoi, is milk; and he gives this wise reason for it, that cloth stained with the smoke of tabacco can only be cleaned with milk. It is used in many ways, chewed, snuffed, smoked, &c. but is least prejudicial when smoked, after being mixed up with goor and preserves. I have by experience found it effectual in wind of the stomach, in pains produced by flatulence, and in the waterbrash; but have found it prejudicial to those labouring under depression of spirits, or who are subject to heartburns.

The dried plant brought from Surat is more drying than any other, and ought to be washed in rose-water or Bedemushk before use.

It is used by the Pytans as snuff: as a cephalic it strengthens the brain, and prevents the effects of indigestion on that organ, but it should not be used when people have weak eyes from heat. The author of the Ulfaz Udwiyeh says, that he had a friend who was blind, and that meeting him afterwards quite recovered, he was surprised to learn that his cure had been effected by his having smoked equal parts of tobacco and Sumhaloo; the women eat the Surat tobacco with pawn: and it increases digestion, and is discutient. It is beneficial in those temperaments which are cold and moist, and its juice is used for drying the vagina.

312 Tamaal تمال.—The Serroe tree. A tree resembling the Jhow, but much larger; in its properties resembling the Saul. It cures swellings, general heat, and blister.

313 Tym تيم.—A kind of fish, producing appetite and general strength.

314 Tamaalputtur تمال پتر.—A name for Teeridje. Some have called it the leaf of the Tamaal tree, and named it Serroe, while others have said that it was the leaf of the Sandal tree. It is therefore uncertain what it is.

315 Toon تون.—A kind of reed; its seed like the Benth; its flowers are used as a dye by the dyers of India, and are of a yellow color; cool, dry, astringent, producing wind, curing eruptions from an overflow of bile, also other eruptions of the skin and Juzam. A. Arheekun, but the author of the Topha says, that Arheekun is a name of the Isperuck, and that it is not like the Toon.

316 Toon تون.—“Cedrela Tuna,” W. See Sir W. Jones’s description, vol. 4. As. R. page 273. Powder of the bark and extract used in the cure of fever.

317 Tuntureek تنتريك.—A name for Tuttereek, called also Seemák.

318 Tumbole تنبول.—A designation for Paan, but what is properly called so is a preparation used at marriages, composed of Paan bruised and the juice expressed, mace, nutmeg, cloves, and cardamoms, all bruised and mixed with sugar, and allowed some time till it ferment. Its use causes exhiliration of spirits, slight intoxication, and strengthens the system. It removes wind, is cardiac, and promotes dryness; those of a hot and dry temperament will be injured by its use; it sweetens the breath, and is generally known by this name.

319 Tunkaar تنكار.—“Impure Borate of Soda, Boras Sodæ.” A name of Borax, called also Zirkur; it is of two kinds, one white, called Curia, the other named Telia. The proportion of both are the same; it is refrigerant and detergent; strong, hot, and useful in mucus and wind, cough, and asthma. It is burnt in the fire, pounded, and with equal parts of Aloes and a little treacle made into pills, and as many used daily as will agree with the stomach. These will remove pains in the stomach, internal parts, chronic cough, difficulty of breathing, or any complaint of that nature. It is recommended, that it be taken every day for at least 20 days, but if this cannot be done, it may be used at intervals for the above-mentioned complaints; this advice is given from the Echtyarat Casmi. The whole properties of this medicine are only known to Indian physicians, and from experience, I know it to be a powerful promoter of digestion if taken about an hour after meals with a little water only; it is called also Tunkunkaár.

320 Tawakeer تواقير.—A medicine of India, useful in gonorrhœa and dysuria ardens.

321 Tombrir تنبرير, also Tombie.—A bitter cuddoo. There is a kind of this in which the seed is not bitter; it is heavy, though some call it light; it is aphrodisiac; cures disorders of mucus and bile.

The one in which the seed is bitter, is cool, cardiac, and an antidote to poisons; useful in cough and bile. If the seed be taken when the moon is in the wane, bruised, and for 21 days, steeped in the juice of ginger, its oil extracted and preserved in a bottle, it will be found that this oil, when a year old, rubbed over the body in weakly habits will renovate strength, and it is also said that it will consolidate mercury.

322 Turai تراى.—“Cucumis Acutangulus, Roxb. Hibiscus Esculentus?” A common vegetable, bitter and dry, light and suppurating; beneficial in swellings, marasmus, dropsy, affection of the spleen, Juzam, piles, mucous disorders, and bile. Another kind is called Geea, and is very mucilaginous and cool, but increases mucous disorders. A third kind is named Arra, and is aperient and useful in bilious disorders.

Turai is a very common culinary vegetable of India, and the people sow it in their houses; its flower is very beautiful, of a yellow color, and the fruit is extremely mucilaginous. If it is sown at the root of a tree or wall, it will climb for support; its leaves resemble the vine, its fruit is about 2 or 3 inches long, and about the thickness of the thumb or even thicker; the second and third kinds are larger and thicker than the first, but the latter is the best, and those are to be chosen which are thin, small, and soft. It is in my opinion cool, moist, and aperient; beneficial in hot temperaments and weakness of the stomach; those of a dry temperament will find it particularly beneficial; it is a proper food for those labouring under fever. The 2nd kind is the most mucilaginous; the 3rd less so than the 1st.

323 Toour تور.—A kind of Arhur. “Cytisus Cajan.”

324 Tooiekam تويكام.—A kind of Rattan.

325 Toodun تودن.—A kind of Kakroo.

326 Toott توت.—A common tree, of the middling size; its leaves are a little oval, very soft and easily squeezed; its fruit is half an inch long or more, both white and black, the best without seeds, and much less than the rest. It is sweet and easy of digestion, strengthens the system and kidnies; is aphrodisiac, increases blood, remedies costiveness; is hot and dry. Those without seed, more efficient than any other. I have written what I have experienced of its effect, but much more is said of its properties in Yunani publications. Its bruised leaves with salt said to be suppurative and discutient.

327 Thour تهور.—Euphorbia Neriifolia, Roxb. called also Thúr. A kind of Zekoom, (thorny tree,) some call it Synhud, others describe it as resembling the Zekoom, and that its fruit is like the Hurrhee, but the Thóor and Synhud do not bear fruit. The milk of the plant blisters the skin; its expressed oil is aphrodisiac, and possesses other properties. A cloth wet with the milk, is used as an aphrodisiac, and the particular manner will be found in the Ilajulumrar and the Ijalénápheh.

In the Maadentezerrubad, it is thus mentioned: Thewér. In the opinion of the people of India, it removes costiveness, cures affections of the spleen and spasms of the stomach, and evacuates the bowels and Fetuek; if its leaves are boiled in water or Dhaie with a little salt, strained and drank with a little cow’s ghee, it will cure all disorders of wind and vitiated bile, and relax the bowels. The milk of the Thewer is procured as follows:

Pierce the plant close to the root, and fill the wound during a night with asafœtida, in the morning remove the gum, and attach a vessel to receive the exuding milk, and should the juice be required very thin, a little salt may be added to the asafœtida.

328 Tendhoo تندهو, called also Tendook.—“Diospyros Ebenum,” another kind is called Bychtendook. A tree of India, of a large size; its fruit like the Anula, but smaller. The first kind cures boils, eruption and disorders of wind. When the tree becomes aged, it produces the ebony, which is the centre; it cures bilious disorders; its unripe fruit is cool, astringent and increases wind. When ripe it is heavy, beneficial in bilious complaints, disorders of the blood, and seminal weakness; The second kind is nearly similar in its properties; but is more cooling, light, and astringent.

329 Tejotee تجوتى.—Bitter, pungent, hot, stomachic, useful in disorders of mucus, wind, dysuria, cough, and convulsions.

330 Teetur تيتر.—The Partridge, “Perdix Francolinus.” Its flesh increases the color of the skin, renders the bowels costive; is stomachic, useful in hiccup, and disorders of the three principal secretions; beneficial in difficulty of breathing, cough, and dropsy.

331 Tendooa تندوا.—“The Leopard, Felis Leopardus.” Some say the Indian name for this is Nimonur. The people of India call it a species of tiger, but it is smaller; it is also named Tendoo.

332 Telkirur تل كور or Telkúr.—The oil of the Kojora; it is bitter, pungent, hot, beneficial in affections from wind, strengthens the system, diminishes the eye-sight, increases the three principal secretions, and produces heart-burn.

333 Tesoo تشو.—The flower of the Palass.

334 Tezpat تيزپات.—A name for Patrudje.

335 Teerun تيرن.—Cool, bitter, useful in wounds, and improves the complexion.

336 Terbile تربيلى.—A medicine of India.

337 Teetee تيتى.—The name of the fruit Karele.

338 Jamin جامن.—“Eugenia Jambolana.” One of the largest of trees; its leaves about 3 inches long and half an inch broad, of an oval shape. The fruit is round and of three kinds, the Deeriaie, the Bhagaie, and Sehraie. Of the Bhagaie, there are two kinds, the largest called Churputtra and the common Jamun. The common name of the Deeriaie is Nadeye. All kinds are dry and astringent; cures disorders of mucus, bile, blood, and boils and eruptions, but when the fruit is large it is sweet, and difficult of digestion; it cures swellings in the body. Some have called the Ray Jamun hot. The Sehraie is strengthening, and increases semen. There is a kind of Jamun grown in Delhi, that is without stones, and very sweet; in my opinion this is the best of all, and next to it must rank the Ray Jamun.

That fruit which is found in the latter end of the rains is called Bhadeya, and is also sweet. In my opinion it is cool and moist, and stomachic, but the one without the stone, named Bèdána, is more so than the other kinds.

The juice of the fruit is to be preferred as a stomachic, and is more grateful to the taste. It is best prepared by being sprinkled with salt, and shaken in a dish, which deprives it of its great astringency and corrects its hurtful qualities.

There is a kind of jamun of the color of dry grass, of a yellowish white color, smaller than those described, of a pleasant smell. Nawab Assoph-ul-Dowlah at Lucknow, taking into consideration its scarcity, brought it from the eastward, and sowed it in his gardens. It is the now common goolaub jamun, and smells of roses; there is also a kind of jamun at Lucknow called Phalenda.

339 Jatie جاتى.—A name for Chumbelie, “Jasminum Grandiflorum.”

340 Chaab چاب.—The fruit of the Guj peepul, cures hemorrhoids, and resembles peepulamool in its properties.

341 Jaie Puttrie جاى پٹرى.—Hot, light, vermifuge, cures mucous disorders, and is an antidote to poisons. It is a name for Bisbass.

342 Chakussoo چاكسو.—A Jeshmoridj. If 21 grains of this be bruized and moistened with filings of Sandal-wood in water, in a new earthern vessel, and drank in the morning, it will be found very effectual in Dysuria ardens.

343 Jaiphill جاى پهل.—“Nutmeg, Myristica Aromatica, Myristica Moschata.” Hot, light, stomachic, clears the throat, cures mucous disorders, and allays vomiting; is vermifuge, remedies any irregularity in the sense of smelling and cough.

344 Charai چارائى, or Charwolie; both names of Cherownjee.

345 Jaal جال.—A kind of fish.

346 Jaiey جائى.—Jasminum Grandiflorum? A sweet smelling flower, bitter and cool, useful in eruptions of the mouth from heat, in disordered eye sight, and affections of the uterus, also in wounds and ulcers.

347 Chakoth چاكوٹ.—A culinary vegetable, sweet and saltish, useful in affections of wind, mucus, bile; fever, and piles. It also remedies costiveness, improves the taste of the mouth, and clears the olfactory nerves.

348 Chalkurie چال كرى.—A name for Foo or Mujeeth.

349 Changerie چانگيڑى.—A name for Umulchhangerie.

350 Cheebook چيبوک.—A kind of Khurnie.

351 Chitchera چيچيڑا or Chichira, also Chirchira. P. Khasmar. “Achyranthus aspera.” Pungent and laxative, increases appetite, cures disorders of wind and mucus, daad, seulie, piles, itch, (both dry and moist,) itchiness in the bowels, dropsy, boils, and other eruptions. Another kind is red; both are dry and astringent. The seed is beneficial in those eruptions, the consequence of vitiated bile. The red flowers are very common, the white are more scarce; if the white flower be preserved about the person, it will render one invulnerable. In disorders of the blood, the root bruised in water and taken is useful, mixed with dhaie and sugar, it is of use in Menhorragia cruenta. The stem of the plant used as a tooth-brush is excellent in disorders of the teeth, and sweetens the breath. The juice of its leaves squeezed into the eye improves eye-sight. The seeds and leaves pounded and drank in a seer of milk is a powerful emetic, or if they be taken to the quantity of four tolahs daily for 21 days in congee, they will cure bleeding, piles, and bruised and applied externally, will act as styptics. The white flowers kept on the person, will prevent you from being stung by a scorpion, or will remove the pain when externally applied.

352 Chetuck چتك.—A name given to birds that inhabit wild places, (those more tame are called Chiria,) they are sweet to the taste; cold and moist. Aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders called Sunpat, and increase phlegm. Tame fowl is hot and dry, also aphrodisiac.

353 Jutamassie جٹاماشى.—Bitter and cold, clears the skin, useful in mucous disorders or diffusion of bile in the blood, in affections of the throat, and is an antidote to poisons. “Spikenard, Valeriana Jatamansi.”

354 Chuttra چترا.—During digestion it is hot, and produces a burning sensation, curative in itch and flatulence.

355 Chuttur Phill چترپهل.—A name of Syneed, a kind of Khoreacera.

356 Chichinda چچندا, also Chunchilund, “Beta Vulgaris.” The root of a culinary vegetable of India. It is of a long tapering shape like the carrot, and is in general use. I have experienced it to be of use in dry emaciation, and that it is sweet and stomachic, light and beneficial in superabundance of bile, increases appetite, and removes viscid mucus and bile. The root is laxative. Another kind is bitter, hot, and moist, decreases bile, mucus and heat, and cures all disorders of the blood.

357 Chachoondur چهچهندر, also called Chulde. “Sorex Cerulescens, Shaw.” “Sorex Ceruleus, Turton.” The Musk-rat. P. Kormoosh. If its meat is applied to the ulcer at the back of the neck called Khoonadeer, it will be found very effectual. If its brain be dissolved in oil and applied as a friction to the spots of white leprosy, and other discolorations of the skin, it will remove them. If the scrotum is tied up and preserved about the person as a charm, it will increase and lengthen the continuance of aphrodisia.

358 Chirchirra چڑچڑا.—A name for Chitchira.

359 Chirpoota چيرپوتا.—A medicine of India, cool and dry, and aperient; cures difficulty of breathing and cough.

360 Chiria چريا.—A name for Roonjisk, called also Chituck.

361 Chirownjee چيرونجى.—“The nut of the Chironjia Sapida.” A round or oval seed like the peepul, of a dark-brown colour. The tree is of the milky kind, the leaves white, or of an earthy color, an oil is expressed from its kernel. A. Hubboossum’na. P. Nookul Khaja. It is sweet and oleaginous, heavy and luxative, beneficial in bilious and mucous disorders, in foulness of the blood, heat of the body, and bruises, and it increases wind.

It is also written that Chirownjie is the kernel of the stone of a fruit, of the appearance and taste of the phalsa, and that it is dried and carried hence to various countries. It is very common in Bundelcund, it ripens in the commencement of the hot weather, and the capsule is said to be separated from the kernel in a hand-mill. The tree is large: the nuts are strung on thread and used by the natives as necklaces, and they are roasted and eaten as food.

362 Cherayta چرائتا, called also Punsaal. “Gentiana Chirayata, Roxb. Sp. Ch. Herbaceous, leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, 3–5-nerved, corol rotate, four cleft, smooth stamens, four, capsule ovate, bifurcate, as long as the calyx.” It is bitter, cool, and dry, light, and producing wind, beneficial in cough, general heat, and fever. A. Rusbuzzèreera.

363 Jest جسٹ in P. Roo Tootia. It is hot and light, and during digestion cool and heavy; facilitates the fusion of metals.

364 Chesteymud چسٹى مد, called also Chestee, also Chitenmud. “Glycyrrhira Glabra. W. Glycine Abrus, Linn.” in Arabic Assóoloos’oos.

365 Chukunder چقندر.—A name for Saluk.

366 Chikara چكارا.—A kind of deer; its tail is black, and its meat sweet, cool, light, and astringent, stomachic, cardiac, and beneficial in disorders of wind, bile, and mucus.

367 Chukora چكورا. In P. Rubk. “A variety of Titroo Rufus.”

368 Chukua Chukui چكوا چكوى.—“Anas Casarea.” The Braminee Duck. Its flesh is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy, strengthens the system, restrains the flow of urine and fæces, cures affections of wind, bile, and blood. In P. it is named Soorkhab and Chukawuck, A. Kumbéera.

369 Chukeerka چكيركا.—The white kind of the seed, called Soorkh, a common seed, used as a weight; properties the same.

370 Chœkurk چكرک.—A name of the grain Koolthie.

371 Chukond چكوند.—A name of the Penwar or Chukwand.

372 Chukotrah چكوتراة.—A fruit of Hindost’han; its tree like the Rutael, with double leaves, the under one very small. It is very easily engrafted on the Rutael tree. The fruit is green and round; its capsule granulated; its green color is that of a small melon; inside it is red; the divisions very small. It is sweet, acid, and bitter, and is ate with salt or sugar. It is cool in its properties, allays thirst from bile, creates appetite. In no book of Hindost’han have I been able to find any account of it. “Citrus Decumanus. The Pumalo, Batabi Neemboo, Pumpleuoes.”

373 Jooqunoo جقنو.—“Lampyris.” The fire fly. P. Kermukshub Cherag. A. Hubahub. It shines in the night during the rains.

374 Chukadana چقدانة.—The name of a seed of an earthy color; hard, and having a small kernel; it is like the Hubèbulsa, but is somewhat larger; the latter besides is pointed at both ends, whereas this is not. The women of Delhi give this in purges for children.

375 Jillpeelbuka جلپل بكا, also called Jill peepul, or Phylphilabi. It is cool and dry, and astringent; cardiac and aphrodisiac, strengthens the eyes, cures disorders of blood, heat in the chest, boils and inveterate eruptions; another kind of it is red, dry, beneficial in affections of wind, mucus, and is astringent. Its fruit is beneficial in eruption from vitiated bile. Red flowers very common.

376 Chellwuk چلوک.—A large tree of India. Its fresh leaves are used as an application to inflamatory Daad, or other watery eruptions, as well as the common Daad. This I have found from experience. Sybr is first applied to produce some inflammation, and then this application is made use of. A patient of mine was long annoyed with Daad in both his shoulders, for the cure of which he had tried many remedies. I recommended this, he took a quantity of the leaves, bruised them, and applied them over the parts, but from the great heat and irritation they produced, he quickly removed them; he then applied the Mooltance earth, to remove the irritation, this so far succeeded, but the part rose in blisters, the water from the blisters being discharged, the complaint was found relieved, when the parts were well, he again applied the leaves, this destroyed the disease, and left the place all black. The skin soon re-assumed its wonted color, and the disease was perfectly cured. From the above circumstance, I am led to conclude, that the application is a very powerful one, and acts as a blister. If they are applied to parts which have been deprived of sensation, it will be equally effectual as Sutoobria.

377 Cheylchish چلچيش.—A very hurtful kind of fish, which increases disorders of the three principal secretions.

378 Chillie چلى.—A kind of culinary greens, from the common vegetable called cheel; cool, dry, light, aperient; promotes appetite, increases knowledge, strengthens the system, cures disorders of the spleen, blood, and the three secretions, and is vermifuge. One kind named Kutf, also Buthua.

379 Jill Benth جلبينتة.—A kind of ratan.

380 Jill Butees جلبتيس.—Cool, astringent, producing flatulence.

381 Jill Neeb جلنيب.—A small plant; its branches minute; also its leaves like the Loonia saag; it creeps on the ground, and is to be found near rivers. It is very bitter, and from its constant vicinity to water has obtained its name. It is purgative, powerfully so, in the quantity of 6 mashas. In herpetic eruptions and Lues venerea it is very beneficial, but it can only be given with safety to those who are not in a weak state.

382 Chumgader چمگودر.—The Bat. A. Khuffash. Its blood rubbed on the feet is aphrodisiac. Its properties are particularly described in the Yunani works.

383 Jamalgota جملگوٹا.—Vide Datoon. “Croton Tiglium.”

384 Chumbeley چنبيلى.—“Jasminum Grandiflorum.” A white flower, of a strong, sweet smell, one kind is yellow, and named Soorunjati: alike in their properties, both are hot and light, useful in head-aches, pains in the eyes, and teeth, in boils, eruptions and foulness of the blood.

A decoction of its leaves in water will cure tooth-ache; the mouth being repeatedly washed with it. The juice of the root taken with milk will remove suppression of urine, and many have made the experiment with success.

385 Champa چنپا or Chumpuk, “Michelia Champaca.” A flower of India, of a pyramidal shape, its color is a light or whitish yellow, very beautiful, and as such is often quoted as the perfection of color.

In this part of the country, it is very common; it cures difficulty in voiding urine, disorders of mucus, blood, and nausea. It is pungently bitter and cool; useful in injuries of the nose, and in general heat. One kind is called Paak Chumpa, hot and pungent, creates appetite, improves eye-sight, diminishes mucus, and cures bruises. The smell is cardiac and stomachic.

386 Chermbærie چرم بيرى.—An acid fruit of India; beneficial in itchiness of stomach, disorders of mucus and wind, depraved taste, pains of the chest, loss of appetite, and worms. Its acid removes the effects of intoxication; it is cool in its properties. The sweet kind is bitter, and a little heating.

387 Junthmook جنت مكہة.—In taste it is sweet, and is like the Saalie, (a kind of rice;) in its effects, but the best of all kinds of rice is the Christn daan, and that which has been sown in a soil manured by ashes, is the lightest and best in curing mucous disorders. The rice produced in the common manner is heavy, useful in disorders of bile and wind, and frequent change of soil, or the plant removed or transplanted to another soil is the best. It is diuretic and generally beneficial.

388 Jungliechuha جنگلى چوها.—P. Runfeer. Its flesh is useful in cough, difficulty of breathing, foulness of blood; is dry and beneficial in all the three secretions. The meat of the female is to be preferred to that of the male.

389 Chumbuck چنبك.—Cool and decreases corpulency; is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzr Mukunatees.

390 Chundurkanth چندركانتهة.—Its taste is sweet and astringent; it is cool and aperient, strengthens the eyes, reduces corpulency, cures boils and eruptions, and is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzrool Kummur.

391 Chundsoor چنداسور.—Vide Haloo. “Lepedium Sativum.”

392 Chundun چندن.—“Santalum Album, W. or Sirium myrtifolium.” P. Sandal Suffed. A little bitter; cool, dry, and light; is cardiac and exhilirates the spirits; is tonic; an antidote to poisons; useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood, allays thirst, heat in the chest, clears the complexion. Its real name is Ujelah. Chundun, and Rukut Chundun is the name for red Sandal.

393 Chundunsarba چندن ساربا.—A name for white Kalesur.

394 Junth جنتہة.—The name of a large tree, like the peepul; its leaves like those of the tamarind; it is prickly, and its bark white.

395 Jawansa جونسا.—P. Khar Shooter. It is sweet and bitter, cool, light, and aperient, cures bilious disorders and those of the blood. Also vertigo. Hedysarum Alhagi.

396 Choke چوک.—Bitter, soft, and emetic, useful in foulness of the blood, mucus, poisons, worms, flatulence, itch and Juzam. “Maadentezerrubad.”

“Choke is a medicine of India, it is a black juice, very acid, soft, cool, and dry, increasing appetite, promoting digestion, stomachic and astringent, lessens the secretion of bile, and injuries of the tendons. Its corrector is sugar; its succedaneum Bejowra, dose ½ to 1 direm.”

397 Chowlai چولائى or Chowrai, “Amaranthus Polygamus.” One kind of it called also gunder; a kind of culinary greens, used by the people of India; cool and dry, useful in bilious disorders, mucus, and blood, and is diuretic and aperient. It is stomachic, promotes digestion, and cures eruptions from vitiated bile. Another kind of it is named mursai; cool, heavy, and aperient; useful in seminal weakness, and disorders of the three secretions. A. Bokulæ Yemania.

398 Juhi جوهى.—A small white flower, also a yellow kind. In the Dhunteri, it is said there are three kinds of it, a white, yellow, and purple. It has a sweet smell, and some have called it a species of jessamine. In Delhi it obtains the name of Jahee Juhi, but these two words are, properly speaking, distinct names for different flowers, and the author of the Echtyar Casmi has described them separately. It is cool and beneficial in affections of the eyes, and increases wind and mucus. “Jasminum Auriculatum.”

399 Juwar جوار.—“Holcus sorghum.” A. Zoorra. A grain; sweet to the taste, cool and producing wind, useful in mucous disorders and bile, and in my opinion is difficult of digestion. It is aphrodisiac, and if eaten to excess, produces flatulent pains in the bowels. One kind is named Mukaiy, and possesses the same properties.

400 Joonk جونك.—A name for an Indian plant, about a yard high, more or less; its leaves are small, and its seed about half an inch in length, resembling a leech; sweet, cool, heavy, and useful in gonorrhœa, cures wind, bile, and phlegm. Its leaves are very mucilaginous, and the children of India play with the pods, sticking them to their bodies like leeches. It grows in the rains, and usually in uncultivated places.

401 Juhan جوهان.—A kind of anise seed, commonly called Adjwain Kermanie. I have described its properties under the head Adjwain.

402 Jawakhar جوكهار.—A name for Nuttroon; pungent, hot, and aperient; useful in affections of wind, mucus, dropsy, pains in the bowels, dysuria, and is lithontriptic. In the Maadentezerrubad, it is written, that it is hot and dry, diuretic and aperient, useful in disorders of mucus, wind, dropsy, pains in the bowels; is lithontriptic, and beneficial in the spleen and indolent tumors.

403 Chouch چوچ.—A large and small kind; pungent and hot; astringent and sweet; inducing costiveness; stomachic; beneficial in cholicks, inflammatory pains in the spleen, and other pains in the bowels. It is a favorite ingredient in many formulæ.

404 Chehtaon چهتاؤن.—A tree of India; aperient, and useful in disorders of mucus and wind; also in Juzam, boils, and eruptions.

405 Jholputtur جول پتر.—A kind Asheer; cool, light, and cardiac; cures disorders of mucus and bile, and diminishes the volume of blood.

406 Cherakakoli چيراكاكلى or Chershookla; also Chermudera; sweet, cool, heavy, aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders of blood, bile, heart-burn, dryness of the mouth, thirst, fever, emaciation and dropsy.

In the Dhunteri, it is also said to promote digestion, and to be pleasant in flavor, and agreeable in its effects; to cure suppression of urine and pains in the chest. It also is used as a cephalic. It is said to cure affections of mucus, Juzam and worms, and to cause an increase of bile; it is commonly known by the name of Nuckchickenie. Vide N.

407 Choonderdhan چندردهان or Jowdhan.—A kind of rice, called also Rukitsaal.

408 Cherie چيري.—The goat; its flesh is moist and heavy, but easy of digestion; useful in disorders of the three secretions; produces no heat at stomach, increases semen, and renders the sense of smelling more acute: it is also called Bukeri. A. Mehyr.

409 Jeengha جهينگا.—A kind of shell-fish; hot and dry; those newly taken are to be preferred; they are aphrodisiac, aperient, and grateful to the taste. This may generally be true, but bad effects have followed their use, and that which is salted is melanagogue, or produces black bile; the corrector is oil of almonds. P. Muluch Diriae, A. Jeradool Bahr. Some have said that the Robean is the same fish.

410 Junkar جنكار.—A name for the deer Barasingha.

411 Jojakhar جوجاكهار.—A name for nitre.

412 Chohara چهہارا.—“The date. Phœnix Dactylifera.” P. called Khoórma sunshekun; aphrodisiac; it is ate with milk. If the Chóhara is bruised, and with salep and sugar boiled in milk, till nearly half the milk shall be evaporated, then drank, it will be found useful as an aphrodisiac, increasing the bulk of the solids, and if it digests easily, it will be found peculiarly useful. If roasted and eat with opium, it becomes astringent.

413 Chirr چر, and another kind, which is black; both are cold, and useful in disorders of all the secretions, heat of the body, and Juzam. P. Soombulutteeb.

414 Chereela چريلا.—In its properties it resembles Sèleèchih, (Cassia Lignea.) P. Ooshna.

415 Jhow جهو.—A name of Turfa. If bruised and mixed with vinegar it suppurates indolent swellings, and also scirrhous swellings of the spleen.

416 Cherkund چركند.—A kind of Beedareekund, which is white.

417 Chundurseha چندرسياة.—A name for Mudukpúrnie.

418 Choocheroo چوچيرو.—A name for Sírphonka.

419 Jhirberie جهربيرى.—“Jujube.” A name for wild Baer; is acid, cool, useful in bile, cardiac, and astringent: if dried and pounded, it is called Búrchun; this possesses all its properties, but is more astringent.

420 Jyaphupp جى پهوپ.—Another kind of it is Tersindiapurni; its seed is made into beads. It is also called Surupjea; it is astringent, strengthens the hair of the head, and darkens its color.

421 Cheehuræ چيہوريا.—A tree of India; there is another kind called Choobnuz, and a third kind Sátoona. Its wood smells strong and rancid; it is hot and dry in the 3rd degree; it is very oleaginous and greasy. If its juice be expelled by heat and collected, it is excellent as an application in paralysis, and it also cleanses large foul ulcers. Its milk is pungent and heating, and it is an active poison, hot and dry in the 4th degree; applied to the skin, it blisters; it is used in swellings from cold. Its wood is used internally in loss of voluntary motion or insensibility and epilepsy, and it is said to be lithontriptic. It injures the lungs, and its corrector is oil of almonds and gum. The dose is 3 mashas.

422 Jeewuk جيوک.—Cool and aphrodisiac; increases semen and mucus; cures disorders of bile, wind, heart-burn, emaciation, and hectic fever.

423 Cheenuk چينك.—A tree of Hindostan; hot; useful in boils and eruptions, affections of the heart and disorders of wind; it is astringent.

424 Jeewuntie جيونتى or Jeéwúnie or Jéwá; cool, sweet, moist, light; strengthens the system and eyesight; is astringent; useful in disorders of mucus, wind, and bile. It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulæ, and it removes feverish heat. The people of India use its greens in the beginning of the cold weather as food; the small Jeewuntie being considered as one of the best of culinary vegetables. It is called also Saag Sherista. The large kind is named Bheéndoorie, from its more limited mode of spreading its branches, and the small kind, for the contrary reason, is called Béldoórie: this spreads to a great distance, and creeps along whatever it comes in contact with. The fruit is like the cucumber.

The above is also the name of a flower, which in the Dhunteri is said to be aphrodisiac, and to clear the voice.

425 Jeewung جيونك.—Also Buthua. Its stem is red.

426 Cheedah چيداة.—The small pine (Senobir Jegheer); sweet; pungent during digestion; bitter, hot, moist, light; useful in windy disorders, and affections of the eyes, throat, and ear.

427 Cheenah چناة.—“Millet. Panicum Italicum. Pan. Pilosum.” P. Arzum. A. Dakhun. Its properties are nearly the same as the small seed called Kongnee.

428 Cheetul چيتل.—An Indian Deer, black and white, pyebald. Its flesh has the same properties as the Chikara.

429 Cheetah چيتاة.—Its meat is hot and heavy; useful in disorders of wind, affections of the eyes and voice. In A. Phahus; it is also the name of a medicine mentioned hereafter.

430 Cheel چيل.—“The Kite. Falco Cheela,” Lath. Its meat is heavy, and increases disorders of the three secretions. In P. Ghúllevaz. A. Hydát.

431 Jeepaul جى پال.—A name for Jamalgota.

432 Cheetah چيتاة.—“Valerian? Plumbago Zeylanica or Plumbago Rosea, W.” A medicine; one kind of which is red, the other purple; inside of a yellowish color; both woods are very thin, and both are pungent, bitter, dry, light, astringent, stomachic, and increase the powers of digestion. The red kind, mixed with strong vinegar, and rubbed hard on the spots of white leprosy till blisters arise, will have the effect of removing the complaint. A. Sheetrudj.

433 Cheea چيا or Cheetkeh, both names for Hurr.