219 Punnus پنيس.—An appellation for Lackutch.

220 Punealae پنيالاى.—A plant, “Flacourtia Catafracta;” the fruit of which resembles the Zerdaloo, and is itself like to the Neemb tree; the leaves are like those of the ratan; unripe, it is green, but when ripe red.

221 Poiey پوئى.—“Basella Alba et Rubra.” A culinary vegetable which grows slow and creeping; its fruit is black; cool and moist; it is heavy and rough in the throat, thickens the voice, is soporific; promotes the secretion of semen and mucus, and cures eruptions from bilious disorder.

222 Podhka پودكها or Boleserie.—A large tree with very beautiful flowers, of a sweet smell. It bears fruit like, or rather having the color of the orange, in size and shape like the Baer, or Bulooth; it is cool, beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and affections of the teeth, as has been ascertained by experience. The fruit is cool and astringent, flatulent, and diminishes phlegm and bile. If chewed and kept in the mouth, it cures tooth-ache.

223 Boont بونٹ.—“Cicer Arietenum.” The green, unripe Gram. It is in the opinion of Indian physicians cool and dry; allays chordee; increases wind; is light, flatulent, and also favors secretion of bile and blood. The Yunani physicians differ very materially from those of Hindoostan respecting its properties.

224 Potie پوٹى.—“Cyprinus Chyssopareius,” (Buch.) A very small fish; heavy, and increasing phlegm; it is the smallest of all fish; sweet to the taste, beneficial in all the three secretions, All the varieties of small fish are strengthening and aphrodisiac; stomachic, and useful in affections of wind and cough.

225 Potuck پتگ.—A kind of honey, resembling ghee; hot, dry, and light.

226 Ponda پوندا.—Saccharum Officinarum, (Sugar-cane). Sweet, cool, moist, heavy, and aphrodisiac; strengthening the system; enlivening the flow of animal spirits; beneficial in bilious disorders, and is diuretic. It increases the secretion of mucus, and breeds worms in the intestines.

That which is of a red color, is cool and heavy, and allays general heat; useful in disorders of bile and blood: remedies suppression of urine. The black Sugar-cane is in its properties like that which is white. The very best is cool and moist, aphrodisiac, laxative, and increases mucus.

227 Bole بول.—“Myrrha.” A name for myrrh; cool, increases knowledge; creates appetite; improves a relish for food; cleanses the uterus; beneficial in disorders of the blood and bile, and in Juzam.

228 Podeena پودينا.—“Mentha Sativa, W. Mentha Crissa, Murray, ii. 178, Mentha viridis, Woodville, iii. 463.” Arabic, Nana. It is hot and dry; promotes digestion; allays vomiting from phlegm; is vermifuge, peculiarly aphrodisiac; increases eye-sight, and is astringent.

229 Phalisae پهليساى or Phálsa.—The fruit of a tree of Hindoostan, of two kinds. One sweet, the other acid; the first is called Shukurie, the second Sherbuttee. The tree of one is small, not above a yard high. The other is as large as a mulberry tree. The fruit of the acid kind is the largest; its leaves large, round, and partially indented. The fruit is at first green, and astringent; when nearly ripe it is rich, and when it arrives at maturity it assumes a dark-purple color; when red, it is very acid; and when purple, of a sweetish acidity. The fruit is like the nightshade berry, or even larger. It is very grateful to the taste, and beneficial in disorders arising from a redundance of bile and blood; loosens phlegm, and is less prejudicial than any other acid fruits. It is also astringent; allays thirst; strengthens the stomach and system. Its sherbet is excellent in strengthening the circulation, and removing depression of spirits in heat, fever, and giving tone to the stomach. It is also recommended in many other disorders. Its sherbet is a corrector of the mogane. If 48 grains of the bark of the root of the sweet Phálsa be infused for a night in water, and then rubbed and strained, the infusion forms an excellent remedy in ardor urinæ and gonorrhœa; yet the sweet kind is less cooling than the acid species, though I have found the former the most effectual in giving strength to the circulation and to the stomach. The expressed juice of the Phálsa in water, boiled, is used as a condiment.

230 Bhangra بهانگرا.—Eclipta, or Verbesina Prostrata. A small creeping plant; its flowers very minute. Some of them white, others of a dark color; the leaves small, in branches and leaves resembling the mint. Another species is called Kookur Bhangra; the plant of which is high, long, and large. It is found at the bottom of old walls. It is bitter, hot, pungent, and dry; cleanses the skin; cures affections of wind, phlegm, complaints of the eyes, pains in the head and Juzam. It forms an ingredient in many famous formulæ. If it be dug up by the roots on a Sunday, and dried in the shade; washed seven times in the Bale sherbet, and as often dried in the shade; and as much as may be contained in the palm of the hand, be eaten daily by those afflicted with white leprosy and Juzam, the disorders will be removed. The seed bruised with black Till and sugar, and eaten, will strengthen the senses of hearing and seeing, and will promote longevity. If during the four rainy months, the Bhangra be used with the hurrha, bhaera, and anula, in equal parts, and a fourth part of peepul, every disorder will be removed, and the hair will become black.

In the Maadentezerrabad, it is said, that Bhangra is a shrub, like the Anjedan, but somewhat larger, of a purple or reddish color; disagreeable to the taste; hot, and dry. Of this there are three kinds: a yellow, green, and black; it improves the eye-sight, is beneficial in phlegm and swellings, white leprosy, Juzam, burns, and black spots in the face. Recent writers have said much of the virtues of the black kind; its seed is in its properties equal; beneficial in disorders of wind, phlegm, foulness of blood, blisters, and difficulty of breathing. If for 50 days nine masha be pounded, bruised, and taken in water, the hair will not become white. If the plant (black) be dried in the shade, and six masha be taken for two months, it will blacken the hair. It is the best external application for colouring the hair.—See Singia.

231 Phirrhud پهرهد.—The name of a tree in India. Vermifuge; it cures flatulency, disorders of mucus and blood. An antidote to poisons; induces corpulency, and remedies seminal weakness.

232 Bhoje Puttur پهوج پتر, called also Burje Puttur, (the birch bark.)—A tree common in Cashmere; the bark of which may be separated into numerous layers, like the talc, and each layer resembles paper.—The layers are variegated, and colored with straight lines; white and red. The Cashmerians use it as paper; in its medical properties, it is beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and blood; ear-ache, and possession by evil spirits. In India it is used for making hookah snakes; and if clothes be lined with it, it will prevent them from being stained with perspiration. In Persian, it is called Tooze.

233 Bhoum amulek بهوم املك.—The anula tree, without the principal root; it is bitter and astringent, cool, and producing flatulence; it allays thirst, cough, disorders of bile, blood, and phlegm; it cures marasmus, and is useful in hurts.

234 Phoje پهوج.—Cool and heavy, astringent and useful in bilious eruptions, and disorders from phlegm.

235 Pockurmool پكڑمول.—A root; bitter, pungent, hot and stomachic; useful in disorders of wind and phlegm, in fevers, swellings, difficulty of breathing, and in affections of the liver.

236 Bharingee بهارينگى.—The bark of a tree in the hills; bitter, pungent, hot, and dry; promotes appetite; remedies disorders of indigestion, swellings, cough, disorders of wind, phlegm, difficulty of breathing, fever, and pains in the uterus.

237 Bhær بهير.—The name for a sheep, called also Mendha.

238 Bhains بينس.—The Buffalo, called also Mahaki.

239 Bheria بهيڑيا.—The Wolf; also named Bhuddha. Its flesh is heavy, beneficial in disorders of wind, in affections of the eye, and clears the voice. Its teeth rubbed down in water forms an effectual application in specks of the cornea. This was used by my father with success. If the teeth be suspended from the neck of a child, it will preserve the child from the effects of an evil eye. A. Zeeb. P. Goorg.

240 Phunjeetuck پهن جيتك.—A species of Loonia; a culinary green.

241 Bhuhira بہيرا.—“Terminalia Bellerica, (Roxb. MS.) Beleric myrobalan. P. Beyleyleh.” In taste it is astringent; grateful during the process of digestion; hot, dry, and beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and cough; strengthens the eyes, hair of the head, and the brain. It produces a slight degree of intoxication. A. Baleludje.

242 Bhelawj بهيلاج.—“Bela, Semicarpus Anacardium.” It is astringent and sweet to the taste; hot and light. It promotes appetite; is aphrodisiac; cures disorders of the wind and phlegm; useful in dropsy, flatulence, Juzam, piles, diarrhœa, Badgola, fever, and white leprosy. It is vermifuge, and used in boils and eruptions. A. Bilâdoúr.

I have found that its kernel used as an ingredient in a decoction intended to promote aphrodisia, (having used it myself,) is effectual; it strengthens the stomach and powers of virility, and cures colds beyond any other medicine.

A friend of mine had a very severe cold in his head, for which he had taken much medicine without relief. I first gave him the Nux Vomica to supplant the habit of eating opium, to which he had become addicted: from this he derived partial benefit; but it soon became as difficult to refrain from this as from the opium. I then gave him the kernel of the Bela made into pills with honey, and cured him of his disorder.

I also gave it to a woman who had a swelling on both sides of the uterus, which was daily increasing, and this it also cured.

In short, this is a drug, that when it agrees with the patient, no medicine is equal in efficacy; but when it disagrees, no drug is more prejudicial. It will be prudent not to give it to any one of a hot temperament.

243 Bhoom Kajoor بهوم كجهور.—A tree as tall as the Taar tree. The stem rough and serrated; the leaves only growing at the top; they are long and hard, and used in making mats. The tree is also called Pinkajoor. It is sweet, cool, and moist; it allays pain, and is an excellent application in bruises. It is beneficial in disorders of blood, wind, bile, and debility. The Pinkajoor is brought from Mooltan or Tattla, and in A. is called Rittub.

The Rittub, which is brought from Mecca, is aphrodisiac; strengthens the kidnies, back, tone of the stomach, and corrects a cold phlegmatic temperament. This is ascertained from experience. It also increases the volume of blood; but if much is used, it produces a fermentation therein, unless habit has rendered it innocent.

244 Bhehi بہى.—“The Quince. The seed very mucilaginous, and excellent in diarrhœa and dysentery.” A species of pear, of a yellow color.

245 Boochitter بوچتر.—Some call it Beechittúr; it is cool and heavy, aperient, strengthening, increasing the three principal secretions. A. Jamarookh and Koombi; also Gagundool, vide K.

246 Bhuiteroor بهوئى ترور.—Whoever shall use this as their only food for one month, their youth will be prolonged, and their hair remain black. It will strengthen the solids, and give universal strength. If it be ate for 40 days, it will produce a sweet smell from the body. It is laxative, and in A. called Soonamookey. “Cassia Senna.”

247 Bhoeperus بهوى پرس.—A name of honey.

248 Bhang بهانگ.—“Canabis Sativa;” a name for Kainib, called also Bidjia; it is pungent, bitter, hot, light, and astringent; it promotes appetite, cures disorders of phlegm, produces idiotism; is the cause of foolish speech and conduct, or in other words, it intoxicates; if used in excess it produces fever, and it increases all the deleterious effects of poison.

The author of the Dhará Shekoi says, that when he was digging the foundation of a house in Bengal, he found a board, on which the effects of this drug was written, and on this it was recorded, that Mahadeo used constantly to eat of this, and that from its use, he derived the wonderful aphrodisiac power, with which he was gifted; he says he has tried it, and found it very beneficial.

Take of Bidjia 64 tolahs, when the sun is in the division Sirtaam, white sugar 32 tolahs, and pure honey 16 tolahs, cow’s ghee 34 tolahs. First fry the Bidjia in the ghee, then add the honey in a boiling state, afterwards the sugar: use this in moderate doses daily, and when it has been used for two months, strength and intelligence will have become increased, and every propensity of youth restored; the eye-sight cleared, and all eruptions of the skin removed; it will prove an exemption from convulsions and debility, and preserve the bowels at all times in a state of order. It will likewise give an additional zest for food.

249 Bhoom Kudum بهوم كدم.—A kind of Kudum.

250 Bhendi بهنڈى.—A very common vegetable of the culinary kind, from 2 to 3 inches in height: very mucilaginous. It is sweet; produces wind and phlegm; it diminishes bile; is diuretic, and increases the seminal secretion. “Hibiscus Esculentus.”

251 Phaar پهار.—The author of the Cashmee calls it the medicine of Shaik Furried, because it was a great favorite of his. It is common at Agra and Delhi; it is bitter, and difficult of digestion, and hot; it cures fever from phlegm and bile, also diarrhœa and indigestion, and cholicky pains in the bowels. Its virtues are many, but too numerous for the compass of this work. The people of Hindost’han use it as a culinary vegetable with much benefit.

252 Bhindale بہندالى.—The name of Bhindal.

253 Phankra پهانكڑا.—Mahomed Cassim says, that this tree is the Dársheeshán, and that the name of its bark is Kagphill; it is hot, and easy of digestion; it lessens the secretion of wind and phlegm. It is aperient, and corrects a bad taste in the mouth.

254 Bhapungi بهاپونگى.—The author of the Cashmee says, that this is the Anjidan Roomi. It is pungent bitter, and hot, and is useful in removing coughs from phlegm, asthma, swellings, wounds, worms in the stomach, heat, and fever.

255 Phitkerrie پہتكارى.—“Sulphate of Alumine, Alumen. F. Alaun, G. Allume, I. Alumbre. S. Sphatica. Shan Shub, A.” Pungent, astringent, transparent. It increases and clears the complexion; is beneficial in seminal weakness and dysuria, in all complaints of the vagina, in vomiting, and in thirst.

256 Bheroza بهيروزا.—Called also Gundha Bheroza, (Turpentine.) In its properties it approaches the Koondhur; but its effects are more drying. If a tent be made with this, and applied or introduced into the vagina, it will cure any affection to which that may be subject, and prevent habitual abortion.

257 Bhateele باٹيل.—In Persian called Goolqunda. A. Verdmoonuttin.

258 Bhoodill بديل.—The name of a piece of Talc.

259 Bhoothpees بهوتہةپيس.—A name for the Ram.

260 Phaloke پهالوک.—A name for Arloo.

261 Bhu’th Kutaeye بہٹ كٹيا.—The name of both kinds of Kutai, “Solanum Jacquini.”

262 Bhohphilly بهوپهيلى.—A creeping grass, the fibres of which are very thin, and its leaves very small. Its seed vessels are numerous, thin, and small, about the size of the nail of the finger; it is aphrodisiac, and thickens the seminal fluid.

263 Phooth پهوتہة.—“Cucumis Momordica,” (Roxb.) P. Dustumbœah. Its properties approach those of the melon when unripe. In my opinion, as nature has given it a sweet smell, it must be beneficial in strengthening the heart and brain; but it encourages the attack of putrid fever. It is used to form a sherbet with sugar and rose-water, for the above-mentioned beneficial purposes.

264 Bhuntaki بهنٹاكى.—(“The wild Bhengun; is the Solanum Melongena,”) a name for Badinjan; sweet, pungent, and penetrating, and during digestion, bitter, hot, and light; beneficial in diminishing phlegm and bile, strengthens the circulation, clears the complexion, promotes appetite, and cures fever and cough.

When ripe, it is hot and heavy, and increases the bilious secretion. The white kind is inferior in virtue to the black. Some call it hot, others cold. I have from experience found it excellent in giving strength to the stomach; that it is very drying, and produces vitiated bile; from this circumstance it prevents sleep, or produces unpleasant dreams: its correctors are ghee or oil. Although I have stated all these properties, yet as a culinary vegetable it is in very general use, it cannot possess them in any great degree; it is called Benghun.

265 Pechuck پيچك.—A name for Bidjosaar.

266 Beedjbund بيج بند.—(From the Maadentezerrabad.) A medicine of India, red and black; its seed resembles that of the onion, red and shining; the red kind is to be preferred. It is aphrodisiac, increases seminal secretion, strengthens the back and loins. It is cool and dry, flatulent and difficult of digestion; its corrector is sugar; its sucoedaneum, the seed of the Antungun. The dose is one miskal with equal parts of sugar.

267 Benth بينة.—“Calamus Rotang.” Of this there are many kinds; one kind called Toæikam, another Jillbenth, a fourth Itchill; the whole four are cool and cure swellings, piles, pains in the uterus, boils, eruptions, acne, difficulty in voiding urine, are lithonthriptic, useful in affections of wind and mucus, also foulness of blood. Jillbenth is astringent and flatulent, and Itchill is an antidote to poison.

268 Peetul پيتل.—(Brass.) P. Bering. It is not an original metal, but a composition. In its properties it is equally cool, hot, and dry; it cures disorders of wind, phlegm, jaundice, and affections of the spleen. A kind of this is called Sonepeetul.

269 Peepul پيپل.—“Ficus Religiosa.” A tree of India, very large and common; the young leaves are green, but when well formed become yellowish; it is cool; cures disorders of bile, phlegm, and blood; is useful in boils and eruptions. The bark of the tree is aphrodisiac, strengthens the loins, and restrains watery discharge from the urethra; and this I have found from experience. Some say, this is called in P. Lirzan. Its fruit is about twice the size of the Phaìsa. It tastes like the fig. It is called Peepulie, and is when ripe of a yellowish color. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus mentioned. “The Peepul tree in Persian is called Lirzan; in the opinion of the inhabitants of India, cool and dry. Its fruit diminishes the secretion of bile, promotes digestion, relaxes the bowels; and if the bark be infused in water and applied to boils, it will hasten suppuration and promote the discharge of the matter; if the bark be burnt and thrown into water, it will quickly purify it.”

270 Bale بيل.—A name for Raebale; cool and light; cures disorders of phlegm, and is an antidote to poisons.

271 Baele بيل.—“Called also Byll, Cratœva, or Ægle Marmelos; Wood Apple.” The name of a fruit which grows like the quince; its seeds are larger than those of the Ryhan. I have seen the tree, it is like the Bukaen; its leaves very soft and tender, broad and long, somewhat like the Moong: on each small sprig it has three leaves. Some have said that it was originally wild, but subsequently brought into our gardens; that which is now in gardens is larger than that which grows uncultivated. The fruit is hollowed out and used as snuff-boxes, and for several other purposes. It is a very common tree in India; it is bitter, astringent, and a little sweetish, hot, and moist; when ripe it is heavy, producing phlegm, bile, and wind, causing heat of stomach, and is difficult of digestion. It destroys appetite and induces costiveness; but unripe it is light, strengthens the circulation, and the whole body; induces costiveness; increases appetite, hastens digestion, and cures disorders of wind and phlegm. I have given it with other medicines for the cure of diarrhœa with good effect. “And in dysentery, a table-spoonful of the pulp, made into sherbet, and taken several times a day, has been effectual.”

272 Peeloo پيلو.—“Salvadora Persica.” “Careya Arborea,” (Roxb.) The Indian name for this, Araak. It is a wild growing shrub, about the height of a long spear, (8 feet,) with many branches; it is broad and round in its general appearances; its leaves thin, and about ½ an inch long. The fruit is called Peel or Peeludj; it is hot, light, and aperient; promotes appetite, cures Badgola, piles, affections of the spleen and wind; is lithonthriptic; useful in disorders of the blood; it produces bile, and in all favorite formulæ, it forms an ingredient. The fruit is also called Jhal; it is bitter, laxative, lessens phlegm, general heat, Juzam, fever, and worms. The wood of the Peeloo used as a tooth-brush, is excellent for preserving the gums.

273 Peoke پيوک, or Peossie.—The first milk given by any animal after the birth of its young. A. Lubba. It increases the bulk of the solids, and inclination towards aphrodisia, but it causes hiccough, and the formation of stone in the bladder, and is difficult of digestion; its corrector is sweetmeats.

274 Peease پياز پياس.—“Allium Cepa. Agnon, F. Swiebel, G. Cipolla, I. Pallandoo, S. Onion.” A. Bosool. Pungent, and during digestion sweet; hot in a small degree, and in its effects resembling Garlic. It increases mucus, removes disorders of wind, and hydrocele. There is a smaller sort, called Karinjun, which increases bile, produces costiveness, and cures piles. There is a third kind, which when dried is white, and is recommended to be kept in any house to prevent the approach of snakes or any venomous reptiles.

275 Peeplamool پيپل مول.—The name given to the root of the Peepul tree, but some give the name to the whole tree, and some give the name to the fibres of the root of any tree; but judging from the name, I conceive it to be what I have just stated. Mool being root, and Peepul must indicate the kind of root. The idiom is Indian, and I think must be correct. It is bitter and pungent, dry and stomachic; promotes digestion, cures disorders of wind and phlegm, but impairs the eye-sight and seminal secretions.

276 Bear بيار.—Called also Konar, “Ziziphus Jujuba.” Sweet, cool, heavy, aperient, causes wind, produces corpulency, cures disorders of bile, wind, blood, general heat, and the disease called Rajerogue; also allays thirst. Another kind of this, named Husthkool, and a third called Kurkund, q. vide.

277 Peeta پيٹا.—Called also Khunda, q. vide.

278 Passownie پاسونى.—A name for Chírkákólie.

279 Bealduntuck بيالدنتك.—A name for Khárkhúsuck, meaning a snake’s tooth. This is known to every one.

280 Peeche پيچ.—Congee, or rice water; it is cool and allays thirst; it is proper food for the sick; drank with rose water, Beelemoosk and sugar, or with pomegranate sherbet, it produces cold, strengthens the circulation, and entirely allays general heat.

281 Beerbahootie بيرباهوٹى.—An insect very common in the rainy season, resembling scarlet velvet; hot in the 3rd and moist in the 2nd deg. One insect, with the legs taken off, ate with Paan, is very efficacious in paralytic disorders, and other complaints from cold. Bruised and mixed with water, it is used as an aphrodisiac, in seminal weakness, &c. Its oil is also used as an external application in debility brought on by onanism, and for giving strength to the muscular fibres. Its succed. is the Kinchua.

“I have prescribed the Beerbahootie with decided good effects in paralysis, commencing with one and increasing to three or four in the day: 1 or 2 given with a little pounded nutmeg is said to be very efficacious in spasms in the bowels of children.”