Maadentezerrubad.

Goolur is cool and moist; useful in bilious complaints, heat, thirst, and running at the nose from heat. The decoction of the bark removes poison from wounds inflicted by the claws of the tiger, cat, or other animal. The root bruised in water is useful in dysentery, in a dose of two direms.

813 Goonma گونما.—“Pharnaceum mollugo.” The plant grows in waste and wild places, and is very common. It is about a yard high, and grows in the rains; it is many-flowered; and when young they are of a red color, but become grey when dry, and full of small holes; they are round and curled.

814 Koonda گوندا.—Koonda, called also Pita. A. Midjdubeh, and in P. Puzdubeh. It is a creeper; its leaves like the Gourd leaf, or larger; its fruit twice as large as a melon. When unripe, it is cooling, and useful in bilious disorders and wind; it increases mucus. When ripe, it is sweet and pungent; it is equal in its properties; light; creates appetite; assists digestion; useful in disorders of the stomach and of the three secretions. The fibres of its root, its leaves, and branches, are sweet; beneficial in disorders of wind and mucus; are lithontriptic: the soft part of the fruit is sweet, removes gravel and other disorders of the urinary bladder; cures bilious disorders, and is aphrodisiac. The particular mode of administering it, I have described in my other works. It is very useful as an aphrodisiac, and for increasing the bulk of the solids. Cucurbita Pepo.

Its sherbet is useful in all the disorders above mentioned, also in depression of spirits from heat, in mania or disordered imagination; increases appetite and evacuates bile.

The sherbet is thus prepared:

A piece is cut off from the end of the fruit, and the inside scooped out till the hand can be admitted; this is to be filled with fine sugar, taking care to preserve all the juice. The divided piece is then to be re-applied, the division secured with moistened flour; it is then placed in the sun, during the hot season, for four days, or in the cold weather for a week. It by this process becomes acid like oxymel; the juice is then taken out, strained, and seasoned with cardamums, saffron, musk, and cloves, or other articles as may be deemed proper, and preserved in bottles for use; the dose is four tolahs, but it will not keep good beyond a week.

815 Khaer كهير.—Vide Kut. “Acacia Catechu, Mimosa Catechu. Chadira, S.” A tree of the jungles, from which Catechu is produced. It is called also Cudder. “One of the best applications in ulcers I ever tried, is composed of Catechu, Camphor, and white lead, in equal parts.”—Trans.

816 Geerehti گيرهٹى.—A plant, about a yard high, or less; the largest kind is named Geerehta, also Mahabela. Its leaves are larger, as well as the tree, than the Geerehtee; but the latter is to be preferred as a medicine. It is sweet, cool, moist, and astringent, useful in Soorkhbad, disorders of bile, affections of the uterus, and clears the complexion.

817 Kherie كهڑى.—An earth of a white color used in cleaning houses; one kind of it is called Goorboghan.

818 Kyrnie كيرنى.—One kind of it is named Chupuk. It is the fruit of a very large tree, of a yellow color, about the size of a date, but thicker; both kinds are cool and moist, heavy and tonic; useful in thirst, delirium, heaviness of the head, and disorders of all the secretions. If the kernel is bruised in water and applied to the eyes, it will remove opacities of the cornea—this I know from my grand-father’s experience.

In my opinion, it is cardiac and stomachic, and gently astringent; when ripe it is very generally useful. Some have called it hot in the second and dry in the first degree. If eaten when unripe, there is fear of its producing cholic. Its corrector is dhaie. The kernel is bitter.

819 Koontanduk كوكٹاندک.—A kind of Rice, like the Saatee in its properties.

820 Ghora كهوڑا.—P. Asp. The horse; its meat is sweet to the taste, but bitter in digestion. It is light, creates appetite, increases bile and mucus, beneficial in disorders of wind, and increases aphrodisia. It is generally tonic, and strengthens the eyes. I have often eat of it, and believe it to be hot and tonic, but it is hurtful to those of hot temperament. In some countries, it is used as food, and it was so used by Vizier Nawab Kumruddin Khan. I have remarked, that when used in this country as food by the natives of other countries, it produces a fermentation in the blood, and consequent eruptions in the mouth and tongue. Its properties are particularly noticed in Yunani works, and I have conversed with many who considered the milk of the mare excellent as a stomachic and aphrodisiac.

821 Khutmul كهٹمل كٹمل.—P. Saas. A. Fusafush. It is bred in beds or other furniture. Its smell is very useful in epilepsy; bruised in water and used as an injection into the urethra, it will be found useful in suppression of urine.

822 Kujoor كجور.—Phœnix dactylifera or Phœnix Silvestris or Khurjoor. A. Kittub. It has many fruits, even to the number of many hundreds: in its properties it is very similar to the Pind-Kajoor.

823 Khaperia كهپريا.—A. Tooti. P. Sungbusseri. It is useful in affections of the eyes and eye sight. Its powder beneficial for cleaning and healing ulcers. Its ointment I have noticed in my other publications. I have known a person who used it commonly as a tonic to the stomach, and for correcting laxities of the bowels. It is also used in Indian Recipes, but I have never seen that any physician of celebrity recommended its use.

824 Keera كيرا or Kheera. One kind of this is bitter, but both are cool and dry, diuretic, and aperient; useful in disorders of bile, lithontriptic, and beneficial in suppression of urine. The ripe fruit is sweet and little astringent. The Balum-kheera is a kind of this, but of less efficacy. The large kind, from its efficacy and scarcity, was usually sent to the emperor by the Marwar Rajah. It is highly spoken of for the cure of Remittent Fever.

825 Khand كهانڈ.—Heavy, creating appetite, tonic, aperient; useful in thirst, general heat, delirium, disorders of bile and wind; but if eaten to excess it produces bile.

826 Khylakhylie كهيلاكهيلى.—A name for Silleekha. Its rind is hard and thick, and of a round shape; it is of a reddish clay color. It is the bark of a tree; some say it is not the Silleekha, but that it nearly resembles it. It forms an ingredient in formulæ for strengthening the loins and kidnies. It dries up the vagina, and is used by women in the cold season as an ingredient in Peendie.

827 Ghekwaar گهى كوار or Ghwar. “Aloe Perfoliata, W. Ghrita Cumari and Taruni, S. Elwa (the gum), H. Musebber, A. Suc d’Aloes (the gum), F. Glausinde Aloe, G. Aloe, I. Aloe, Sp.” It is the Sibr plant, and is in height about a yard, becoming small towards the top; it is full of juice of an offensive smell; it (the leaf) is serrated on the edges, and is of a green color. It is bitter, cool, and aperient, useful in affections of the spleen and liver, disorders of mucus, bile, blood, fever, blisters, and hardness of the skin; and slightly increases bile. If rubbed with water on the hands, fire may be held with impunity. Its juice is well known as a medicine, mixed with anise seed; it is excellent in pains of the bowels. I have written more of its virtues in my other works, and the prescription there mentioned is excellent in all disorders from cold. The pulp of the leaf with alum and opium is excellent in ophthalmia; its juice dropt into the eye.

828 Goongchee گونچى.—“Abrus Precatorius. Gooncha, H. Gunja, S. The seed called Retti, H. Rectica, S. The root of the plant coincides very exactly in appearance, taste, and medicinal qualities with the liquorice root, and is sold for it in the bazar; vide Glycine Abrus, Linn, Flem.”

Maadentezerrubad.

Goongchee, called also Retti, is hot and dry; its dose one direm. In the opinion of the people of India, it is cool and dry in the third degree. It is emetic, and violently purgative, and is considered a poison. If the Goongchee is reduced to a coarse powder, moistened with water, and bruised and fried in sweet oil, till it is dissolved; this oil applied in the morning to the head, and washed off at night, and this repeated for 21 days, it will greatly increase the growth of the hair; its leaves and branches thus prepared have the same effect

If the Red Goongcha, having its bark peeled off, be coarse pounded to the quantity of eight ounces, and boiled in eight pounds of cow’s milk, till only three pounds remain, then coagulated, and its butter extracted; the butter will reproduce hair on any parts which may have been deprived of it by venereal or other disease, and the effect will take place by its continuance for a fortnight. The white Goonchee, in the quantity of two direms, given internally for three days, with sugar, to a woman, will render her barren.

829 Khelowrie كهيلورى.—The name for the composition of certain pills, about the size of Peepul seed, sold covered with silver leaf; they are highly scented, and improve the smell of the mouth; they enliven the spirits and strengthen the stomach. They are made of Kuth in this manner:

The Catechu is first mixed well with water, and the precipitate taken for use. This is boiled in cow’s milk, or sometimes in the above-mentioned water; then Musk Amber and Rose-water are added, or the distilled water of Keora, and from this the pills are formed.

830 Khull كهل.—A name for Kus’boosum seem; the refuse of Till. It is heavy and flatulent, weakens eye-sight; is aphrodisiac; and is used as a soap to remove grease from the hands.

831 Khopra كهپرا.—A name for Narzeel. Its properties mentioned in Yunani works.

832 Khewumberie كهيوم بيرى.—The wild fig; useful in white leprosy. All Indian physicians use the root in this disease, both internally and externally; some have called it hot, others cold; it is likewise named Kewumber.

833 Khesoo كهيسو.—A root; the leaf of its tree resembles a tiger’s claws. Its flower is yellow; the tree large and common all over the jungles, and becomes of a red color like fire.

834 Khynth كهينتهة.—A tree of India; its fruit acid like the apple when unripe; it is light; cures thirst, hiccup, disorders of wind and bile. It clears the throat; is difficult of digestion, and strengthens the stomach, and is lithontriptic; beneficial in fulness of the head, and is cool and dry in the second degree.

835 Gheyd گيد.—A kind of Vulture. Its flesh is beneficial in disorders of the eyes; it is a bird of prey; hot and dry: it is of a black color, though some have described it as grey. The Baaz and Joorra are used in hawking. A. Okab, P. Aal.

836 Kinchua كينچو.—A name of Kherrateen. The earth-worm. It is used in oil and fomentation as an aphrodisiac, and for this purpose the most powerful is the Lumbricus discharged from the human subject.

Maadentezerrubad.

It is said, that if the Kinchua be dried and mixed with dhaie, it will contract the vagina. If it be mixed with sweet oil, and boiled, and in this Zaftroomie (pitch) be dissolved, and the mixture externally applied, it will increase the size of the male organ. From the worm a kind of copper is procured, which is called in India Paak Tamba. If put in the mouth it has this effect, that the taste of the neeb, or pungency of chunam will not be perceptible. It is an antidote to all animal as well as vegetable poisons, and hydrophobia; useful in want of power in the digestive organs and pains in the bowels. Its powder is useful in the Soorkhbad, and kept in the mouth, prevents thirst; and if kept about the person a snake will not approach or bite. Thus prepared:—The fresh worms are taken and put into a copper vessel, over them is poured lime juice, and the vessel well luted, is placed on the fire; when well boiled, the medicine will be found adhering to the top and sides of the vessel.

Another mode.

Take of white lead and borax, each eight direms; turmeric and bullock’s bile, each four direms; worms and honey, each 24 direms; mix and fry the whole in cow’s ghee, and when fried, make the mass into balls. Place these balls in an earthen vessel on the fire, and by means of bellows increase the heat, and keep it so, for some time; and when taken off the fire, the Paak Tamba will be found in small grains at the bottom.

837 Gyndha گيندها.—Rhinoceros. A four-footed beast, larger than the buffaloe. Its skin black and indented; it is very hard, and used for making shields, which are held in great estimation. It has a horn near its nose. Its flesh is used in disorders of wind, and decreases urine and fæces. The smoke of the horn while burning is excellent in the cure of piles, and for producing easy labour; drinking water from a cup made of the horn will also cure the piles. P. Kurguddun.

838 Kenkra كينكڑا.—Its flesh is cool, and strengthens the seven component parts of the body; is aphrodisiac, and remedies profuse discharge of the menses. “The Crab.”

839 Kesur كيسر or Kunkum. Saffron. It is pungent and hot; exhilirates the spirit; useful in hiccup and in affections of the skin from a taint in the blood; it is beneficial in head-ache; allays vomiting; is vermifuge; cures boils and disorders of the three secretions, and cleans the complexion. P. Zaffraan.

840 Kyte گيت.—When unripe, it is light; induces costiveness; used in disorders of the three secretions. When ripe, it becomes of a bitterish sweet, and is useful in dropsy, eruptions of the mouth, and in wind. It is heavy, clears the throat, is slow of digestion, and allays thirst.

841 Kytiputtrie كيتى پترى.—Its leaves resemble the Kyte; it is hot and pungent; used in disorders from poison, phlegm in the throat, and seminal weakness.

842 Kyloot كيلوٹ.—Cool, astringent; useful in eruptions of the mouth, in mucus, and flatulent disorders.

843 Keora كيوڑا.—Pandanus Odoratissimus, (Roxb.) It is like the Ketki, but it is twice as large; its leaves are prickly, and about the same thickness throughout. It is in fact like a head of Indian corn before its leaves recede. It has a very powerful, penetrating, diffusible scent, more perceptible at a distance than when close; and after it is dried the smell remains. If it is put amongst linen, the smell will adhere to it for a length of time. The plant is about 12 feet high; its leaves resemble the Juwar, and are long and trefoil, with prickles upon all of them; it flowers when four years old. Earth is thrown up round the roots every year. In the Deccan and in Behar, it is very common. A distilled water is made from its flowers, which is cardiac and stomachic.

844 Kethki كيتكى.—Also Pandanus Odoratissimus, for it is a kind of Keora. The Sirrunkethkie is also a species of this.

845 Kewanch كيوانچ.—Sweet, hot, heavy, and aphrodisiac; produces an increased secretion of semen. Its seed is useful in disorders of wind, and is also aphrodisiac. It is a name for Kabeakudje, and that is a species of Curruf’s junglee. It is also a name for Dolichos Pruriens or Cow-itch.

846 Kela كيلا.—Musa Paradisiaca. The Plantain or Banana. The tree is straight, about the height of a spear. Its leaves, when young, come out in the form of a round ruler, and are soft as satin, and much resembling it, with cross marks resembling the plaits of cloth. The leaf when expanded is very long and broad. Its flower is a hard substance, of a pyramidal shape, and covered with leaves of a dark-red color. Every tree which has flowered bears 70 or 80 plantains, formed in distinct rows round a centre stem, and the tree bears only once. And the fruit ripe, the tree must be cut down, to leave room for others to spring up from the same root. There are many kinds of this fruit. The best kind is small, and called Imrutbean; and the people of India have said that the camphor is produced from it: but those who say so are ignorant, the camphor tree is very different. Its root is tonic; beneficial in disorders of bile, blood, and mucus, and in gonorrhœa; but it weakens aphrodisia. The fruit is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy; increases flatulence and mucus; useful in disorders of bile, blood, wind, and heat of the chest. A. Mooz. The natives of India dress the unripe fruit with meat, or even dress it alone; and the Hindoos dress the heart of the branches for food. This I have found very effectual as an aphrodisiac and for increasing semen, and as a tonic to the brain. It weakens the stomach, and is heavy; its corrector is cardamum seed. The Yunani physicians say, that its correctors are honey, gum, and ginger.

847 Keetkarode كيتكارود.—A name for Baraicund.

848 Keekur كيكر or Babool. “Acacia Arabica, W. Babool, H. Barbura, S. Babool ka Goond (the gum), H. The bark, like that of most of the Acacias, is a powerful astringent, and is used as a substitute for Oak bark in tanning by leather-manufacturers in India. Gomme Arabique, F. Arabischen Gummi, G. Gomma Arabica, I. Vullam pisin, Tam.” A common prickly tree of the jungles; its leaves very numerous and small; it is of two kinds, a large and a small. The young trees have very numerous prickles, the old trees have fewer; its bark kept in the mouth relieves cough. Its leaves heated and applied to the eye removes heat and inflammation; both kinds are astringent, hot, and pungent, useful in cough, mucus, and diseases proceeding from mucus; restrain laxatives of the bowels, and are useful in piles. The young leaves infused for a night in water, in the morning bruised in the water, and this drank, will be found very useful in gonorrhœa and itchiness of the bladder.

849 Keet كيت or Keetie. The refuse or scoriæ of iron; it is sweet, pungent, and hot; beneficial in wind, worms, cholicks, seminal weakness, and swellings.

850 Gehoon گيهون.—A name for Gundum. A. Hinta. It is oleaginous and slow of digestion; facilitates the junction of fractured bones. Is soft, tonic, useful in mucus, and increases semen. Its oil is beneficial in Daad and swellings from vitiated bile. The oil is thus made:—White Gehoon is moistened for a night in water, and in the morning the oil is extracted.

851 Geroo گيرو.—It is sweet, astringent, and cool; useful in ulcers; clears the skin; beneficial in piles, heat, and incipient phlegmon. It resembles the Gilermonie, and is often substituted for it.