[1] Herrera failed to add a list of authors to the original edition of his Historia (1601-1615), but one of about thirty-three entries is found in later editions.

[2] See Vol. IV. p. 417.

[3] Sabin, vol. x. no. 40,053; Carter-Brown, vol. ii. no. 347; Rich (1832), no. 188; Trübner, Bibliographical Guide to American Literature, p. viii; Murphy, no. 1,471.

[4] Dictionary, vol. ii. no. 5,102.

[5] For an account of a likeness, see J. C. Smith’s British Mezzotint Portraits, iv. no. 1,694.

[6] The book, of which 250 copies only were printed, is rare, and Quaritch prices it at £3 (Sabin, vol. ix. no. 37,447). It preserves some titles which are not otherwise known; and represents a library which Kennett had gathered for presentation to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Rich (Bibl. Amer. nova, i. 21) says the index was made by Robert Watts. Although Stevens (Historical Collections, i. 142) says that the books were dispersed, the library is still in existence in London, though it lacks many titles given in the printed catalogue, and shows others not in that volume. Cf. Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., xx. 274; Allibone, ii. 1020; James Jackson’s Bibliographies géographiques (Paris, 1881), no. 606; Trübner’s Bibliographical Guide, p. ix; Sabin, Bibliography of Bibliographies, p. lxxxvii.

[7] Memorial History of Boston, vol. i. pp. xviii, xix; vol. ii. pp. 221, 426.

[8] The original edition was Valencia, 1607. Carter-Brown, vol. ii. no. 52.

[9] Catalogue (1832), no. 188. Cf. Carter-Brown, vol. iii. no. 568; Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. ix; Sabin, vol. i. no. 3,349. The portion on America is in vol. ii.

[10] For example, the Champlain of 1613, 3 fr.; that of 1632, 4 fr.; 21 volumes of the Relations of the Jesuits, 18 fr.

[11] Sabin, Dictionary, vol. ii. no. 5,198; and Bibliography of Bibliographies, p. xviii; Hist. Mag., i. 57; and Allibone, ii. 1764, who calls him Reid, an American resident in London, and says he issued the bibliography as preparatory to a history of America. Jackson’s Bibliographies géographiques, no. 611, and Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. x, call it by the name of the publisher, Debrett.

[12] Jackson’s Bibliographies géographiques, no. 621.

[13] Jackson, Bibliographies géographiques, no. 612; Serapeum (1845), p. 223; Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. xxv.

[14] Sparks, Catalogue, no. 1,635; Jackson’s Bibliographies géographiques, no. 613; Trübner, p. xxv.

[15] History of Mexico, iii. 512, where is an account of Alcedo’s historical labors.

[16] Sparks, Catalogue, no. 1,635 a, and p. 230.

[17] Sabin, Bibliography of Bibliographies, p. xxiv; H. H. Bancroft, Central America, ii. 700, 760.

[18] Quincy’s Harvard University, ii. 413, 596. It is noteworthy, in view of so rich an accession coming from Germany, that Grahame, the historian of our colonial period, says that in 1825 he found the University Library at Göttingen richer in books for his purpose than all the libraries of Britain joined together.

[19] This collection is also embraced in the Catalogue of the College Library already referred to. Mr. Warden began the collection of another library, which he used while writing the American part (10 vols.) of the Art de vérifier des Dates, Paris, 1826-1844, and which (1,118 works) was afterward sold to the State Library at Albany for $4,000. Dr. Henry A. Homes, the librarian at Albany, informs me that when arranged it made twenty-one hundred and twenty-three volumes. Warden’s Bibliotheca Americana, Paris, 1831, reprinted at Paris in 1840, is a catalogue of this collection. Mr. Warden died in 1845, aged 67. Cf. Ludewig in the Serapeum, 1845, p. 209; Muller, Books on America (1872), no. 1734; Allibone, iii. 2,579; S. G. Goodrich, Recollections, ii. 243; Jackson’s Bibl. Géog., nos. 617, 618; Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. xiv. There was a final sale of Mr. Warden’s books by Horatio Hill, in New York, in 1846.

[20] This portrait of one of the earliest contributors to the bibliography of American history follows an engraving in the Allgemeine geographische Ephemeriden, May, 1800, p. 395. Ebeling was born Nov. 20, 1741, and died June 30, 1817, and his own contributions to American History were—

(a) Amerikanische Bibliothek (Zwei Stücke), Leipzig, 1777.

(b) Erdbescreibung und Geschichte von America, Hamburg, 1795-1816, in seven vols.; the author’s interleaved copy, with manuscript notes, is in Harvard College Library.

(c) With Professor Hegewisch, Americanisches Magazin, Hamburg, 1797.

There are other likenesses,—one a large lithograph published at Hamburgh; the other a small profile by C. H. Kniep. Both are in the collection of the American Antiquarian Society.

[21] This collection was offered to Congress for purchase through Edward Everett in December, 1827. The printed list, with nearly a hundred entries for manuscripts and three hundred and eighty-nine for printed books, covering the years 1506-1825, was printed as Document 37 of the 1st session of the 20th Congress. The sale was not effected. Rich had been able to gather the books at moderate cost because of the troubled political state of the peninsula. Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. xv.

[22] Dictionary, ii. 1788.

[23] Bibl. Amer. Vet., p. xxix.

[24] Dibdin (Library Companion, edition 1825, p. 467) refers to this spirit, hoping it would lead to a new edition of White Kennett, perfected to date.

[25] Bibliotheca Grenvilliana (London, 1842), now a part of the British Museum.

[26] Sabin, Bibliog. of Bibliog., p. cxxi; Allibone, Dictionary, p. 1787; Trübner, Bibliographical Guide to American Literature, Introduction, p. xiv; Jackson’s Bibl. Géog., no. 623, etc.; Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., i. 395; Historical Magazine, iii. 75; Menzies Catalogue, no. 1,690; Ternaux-Compans, Bibliothèque Américaine, Preface. Puttick and Simpson’s Catalogues, London, June 25, 1850, and March, April, and May, 1872, note some of his books, besides manuscript bibliographies.

After Mr. Rich’s death Mr. Edward G. Allen took the business, and issued various catalogues of books on America in 1857-1871. Cf. Jackson’s Bibliog. Géog., nos. 677-682.

[27] See Vol. III. p. 159. The catalogue, being without date, is sometimes given later than 1833. Cf. Jackson, Bibliog. Géog., no. 636; and no. 690. A new Rough List of the Barlow Collection was printed in 1885.

[28] Magazine of American History, iii. 177. This library was sold in November, 1836, as Raetzel’s; the numbers 908-2,117 concerned America. Trübner (Bibliographical Guide, p. xviii) says the collection was formed by Ternaux probably with an ultimate view to sale. Ternaux did not die till December, 1864.

[29] Now worth 40 or 50 francs.

[30] Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. xvi.

[31] See Vol. IV. p. 367. Cf. also Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. xviii; and Daniel’s Nos Gloires Nationales, where will be found a portrait of Faribault.

[32] Sabin, x. nos. 42, 644-42, 645.

[33] Sabin, x. 42, 643; Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. xxi.

[34] Historical Magazine, xii. 145; Allibone, ii. p. 1142. The sale of Mr. Ludewig’s library (1,380 entries) took place in New York in 1858.

[35] In his Verrazano, p. 5.

[36] Cf. also D’Avezac in his Waltzemüller, p. 4.

[37] Sabin, viii. p. 107; Jackson, Bibliog. Géog., no. 696. The edition was four hundred copies.

[38] An error traced to the proof-reader, it is said in Sabin’s Bibliog. of Bibliog., p. lxxiv.

[39] Stevens noticed this defence by reiterating his charges in a note in his Bibliotheca Historica, 1870, no. 860.

[40] Vol. IV. p. 366.

[41] Sabin, Bibliography of Bibliographies, p. lxxv.

[42] Grandeur et décadence de la Colombine, Paris, 1885.

[43] J. J. Cooke Catalogue, no. 2,214; Griswold Catalogue, nos. 730, 731. The editions were fifty copies on large paper, two hundred on small. It may be worth record that Gowan, a publisher in New York, was the earliest (1846) to instigate a taste for large paper copies among American collectors, by printing in that style Furman’s edition of Denton’s Description of New York, after the manner of the English purveyors to book-fancying.

[44] See Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, Philadelphia, 1881, p. 28.

[45] Mr. Wilberforce Eames is the new editor. A list of the catalogues prepared by Mr. Sabin is given in his Bibliography of Bibliographies, p. cxxiv, etc.

[46] The German translation, Kritische Untersuchungen, was made by J. I. Ideler, Berlin, 1852, in 3 vols. It has an index, which the French edition lacks.

[47] Sabin, viii. 539. The edition of Paris, without date, called Histoire de la géographie du nouveau continent, is the same, with a new title and an introduction of four pages, La Cosa’s map being omitted.

[48] Verrazano, p. 4.

[49] In his Cosmos Humboldt gives results, which he says are reached in his unpublished sixth volume of the Examen critique.

[50] The Humboldt Library was burned in London in June, 1865. Nearly all of the catalogues were destroyed at the same time; but a few large paper copies were saved, which, being perfected with a new title (London, 1878), have since been offered by Stevens for sale. Portions of the introduction to it are also used in an article by Stevens on Humboldt, in the Journal of Sciences and Arts January, 1870. Various of Humboldt’s manuscripts on American matters are advertised in Stargardt’s Amerika und Orient, no. 135, p. 3 (Berlin, 1881).

[51] Cf. Historical Magazine, vol. ix. no. 335; Magazine of American History, vol. ii. pp. 193, 221, 565; Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc., April, 1868. Colonel Force died in January, 1868.

[52] Mr. Sparks died March 14, 1866. Tributes were paid to his memory by distinguished associates in the Massachusetts Historical Society (Proceedings, ix. 157), and Dr. George E. Ellis reported to them a full and appreciative memoir (Proceedings, x. 211). Cf. also Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc., March, 1866; Historical Magazine, May, 1866; Brantz Mayer before the Maryland Historical Society, 1867, etc.

[53] Cf. Historical Magazine, vol. ix. p. 137.

[54] The principal interpreter of the Indian languages of the temperate parts of North America has been Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, of Hartford, for whose labor in the bibliography of the subject see a chapter in vol i. of the Memorial History of Boston. There is also a collection edited by him, of books in and upon the Indian languages, in the Brinley Catalogue, iii. 123-145. He gave in the Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, and also separately in 1874, a list of books in the Indian languages, printed at Cambridge and Boston, 1653-1721 (Field, Indian Bibliography, no. 1,571). Cf. also Ludewig’s Literature of American Aboriginal Languages, mentioned on an earlier page. It was edited and corrected by William W. Turner. (Cf. Pinart-Brasseur Catalogue, no. 565; Field, Indian Bibliography, no. 959).

Icazbalceta published in 1866, at Mexico, a list of the writers on the languages of America; and Romero made a similar enumeration of those of Mexico, in 1862, in the Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia, vol. viii. Dr. Daniel G. Brinton has made a good introduction to the literary history of the native Americans in his Aboriginal American Authors, published by him at Philadelphia in 1883. For his own linguistic contributions, see Field, Indian Bibliography, no. 187, etc. One of the earliest enumerations of linguistic titles can be picked out of the list which Boturini Benaduci, in 1746, appended to his Idea de una nueva historia general de la America septentrional.

The most extensive enumeration of the literature of all the North American tongues is doubtless to be the Bibliography of North American Linguistics, which is preparing by Mr. James C. Pilling of the Bureau of Ethnology in Washington, and which will be published in due time by that bureau. A preliminary issue (100 copies) for corrections is called Proof-sheets of a Bibliography of the Indian Languages of North America (pp. xl, 1135).

The Bibliotheca Americana of Leclerc (Paris, 1879) affords many titles to which a preliminary “Table des Divisions” affords an index, and most of them are grouped under the heading “Linguistique,” p. 537, etc. The third volume of H. H. Bancroft’s Native Races, particularly in its notes, is a necessary aid in this study; and a convenient summary of the whole subject will be found in chapter x. of John T. Short’s North Americans of Antiquity. J. C. E. Buschmann has been an ardent laborer in this field; the bibliographies give his printed works (Field’s Indian Bibliography, p. 208, etc.), and Stargardt’s Catalogue (no. 135, p. 6) shows some of his manuscripts. The Comte Hyacinthe de Charencey has for some years, from time to time, printed various minor monographs on these subjects; and in 1883 he collected his views in a volume of Mélanges de philologie et de paléographie Américaines.

The Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg, in his Bibliothèque Mexico-Guatemalienne (Leclerc, nos. 81, 1,084), has given for Central America a very excellent list of the works on the linguistics of the natives, which are all contained also in the Catalogue of the Pinart-Brasseur sale, which took place in Paris in January and February, 1884. Cf. the paper on Brasseur by Dr. Brinton, in Lippincott’s Magazine, vol. i.; and the enumeration of his numerous writings in Sabin’s Dictionary, ii. 7,420; also Leclerc, Field, and Bancroft.

Dr. Félix C. Y. Sobron’s Los Idiomas de la America Latina,—Estudios Biografico-bibliograficos, published a few years since at Madrid, gives, according to Dr. Brinton, extended notices of several rare volumes; but on the whole the book is neither exhaustive nor very accurate.

Julius Platzmann’s Verzeichniss einer Auswahl Amerikanischer Grammatiken, etc. (Leipsic, 1876), is a small but excellent list, with proper notes. These bibliographies will show the now numerous works upon the aboriginal tongues, their construction and their fruits.

There are several important series interesting to the student, which are found in the catalogues. Such are the Bibliothèque linguistique Américaine, published in seven volumes by Maisonneuve in Paris (Leclerc, no. 2,674); the Coleccion de linguistica y etnografía Americanas, or Bibliothèque de linguistique et d’Ethnographie Américaines, 1875, etc., edited by A. L. Pinart; the Library of American Linguistics, in thirteen volumes, edited by Dr. John G. Shea (Cf. Brinley Catalogue, vol. iii. no. 5,631; Field, no. 1,396); Brinton’s Library of Aboriginal American Literature, published by Dr. D. G. Brinton in Philadelphia; and Brasseur de Bourbourg’s Collection de documents dans les langues indigènes, Paris, 1861-1864, in four volumes (cf. Field, p. 175).

The earliest work printed exclusively in a native language was the Catecismo de la Doctrina Cristiana en lengua Timuiquana, published at Mexico in 1617 (cf. Sabin, vol. xiv. no. 58,580; Finotti, p. 14). This is the statement often made; but Mr. Pilling refers me to references in Icazbalceta’s Zumárraga (vol. 1. p. 200) to an earlier edition of about 1547; and in the same author’s Bibliografia Mexicana (p. 32), to one of 1553. Molina’s Vocabulario de la lengua Castellana y Mexicana, placing the Nahuatl and Castilian in connection, was printed at Mexico in 1555. The book is very rare, five or six copies only being known; and Quaritch has priced an imperfect copy at £72 (Quaritch, Bibliog. Géog. linguistica, 1879, no. 12,616; Carter-Brown, vol. i. no. 206; Brinley Catalogue, vol. iii. no, 5,771). The edition of 1571 is also rare (Pinart-Brasseur Catalogue, no. 630; Carter-Brown, vol. i. nos. 285, 286; Quaritch, 1879, no. 12,617). The first edition of Molina’s Aztec grammar, Arte de la lengua Mexicana y Castellana, was published the same year (1571). Quaritch (1879, no. 12,615) prices this at £52 10s. Cf. also Carter-Brown, vol. i. no. 284. One of the chief of the more recent studies of the linguistics of Mexico is Francisco Pimentel’s Cuadro descriptivo y comparativo de las lenguas indigenas de México, Mexico, 1862-1865; and second edition in 1874-1875.

This subject has other treatment later in the present volume.

[55] It included two thousand and thirty-four items, ninety-four of which were Mr. Squier’s own works.

[56] Vol. II. p. 578.

[57] He says that up to 1881 he had gathered 35,000 volumes, at a cost of $300,000, exclusive of time and travelling expenses. His manuscripts embraced 1,200 volumes. The annual growth of his library is still 1,000 volumes.

[58] One twelfth of the earth’s surface, as he says.

[59] Cf. account of Maximilian’s library in the Bookworm (1869), p. 14.

[60] These biographical data are derived from a tract given out by himself which he calls A brief account of the literary undertakings of Hubert Howe Bancroft (San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft & Co. [his own business house], 1882, 8vo, pp. 12). Other accounts of his library will be found in the American Bibliopolist, vii. 44; and in Apponyi’s Libraries of California, 1878. Descriptions of the library and of the brick building (built in 1881) which holds it, and of his organized methods, have occasionally appeared in the Overland Monthly and in other serial issues of California, as well as in those of the Atlantic cities. He has been free to make public the most which is known regarding his work. He says that the grouping and separating of his material has been done mostly by others, who have also written fully one half of the text of what he does not hesitate to call The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft; and he leaves the reader to derive a correct understanding of the case from his prefaces and illustrative tracts. Cf. J. C. Derby’s Fifty Years among authors, books, and publishers (New York, 1884), p. 31.

[61] Averaging twelve from that time to this; a hundred persons were tried for every one ultimately retained as a valuable assistant,—is his own statement.

[62] At a cost, as he says, of $80,000 to 1882.

[63] They appeared in The Nation and in the New York Independent early in 1883. The first aimed to show that there were substantial grounds for dissent from Mr. Bancroft’s views regarding the Aztec civilization. The second ignored that point in controversy, and merely proposed, as was stated, to test the “bibliographic value” which Mr. Bancroft had claimed for his book, and to point out the failures of the index plan and the vicarious system as employed by him.

[64] Seemingly intended to make part of one of the later volumes of his series, to be called Essays and Miscellanies.

[65] With a general title (as following his Native Races) of The History of the Pacific States, we are to have in twenty-eight volumes the history of Central America, Mexico, North Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, Northwest Coast, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, British Columbia, and Alaska,—to be followed by six volumes of allied subjects, not easily interwoven in the general narrative, making thirty-nine volumes for the entire work. The volumes are now appearing at the rate of three or four a year.

[66] The list which is prefixed to the first volume of the History of California, forming vol. xiii. of his Pacific States series, is particularly indicative of the rich stores of his library, and greatly eclipses the previous lists of Mr. A. S. Taylor, which appeared in the Sacramento Daily Union, June 25, 1863 and March 13, 1866. Cf. Harrisse, Bibl. Amer. Vet., p. xxxix. A copy of Taylor’s pioneer work, with his own corrections, is in Harvard College Library. Mr. Bancroft speaks very ungraciously of it.

[67] See Vol. IV., chap. i. p. 19.

[68] Jackson, Bibl. Géog., no. 639; Menzies Catalogue, nos. 1,459, 1,460; Wynne’s Private Libraries of New York, p. 335. Mr. Murphy died Dec. 1, 1882, aged seventy-two; and his collection, then very much enlarged, was sold in March, 1884. Its Catalogue, edited by Mr. John Russell Bartlett, shows one of the richest libraries of Americana which has been given to public sale in America. It is accompanied by a biographical sketch of its collector. Cf. Vol. IV. p. 22.

[69] Cf. Wynne’s Private Libraries of New York, p. 106. Mr. Brevoort died December 7, 1887.

[70] Cf. Sabin, v. 283; Farnham’s Private Libraries of Boston.

[71] February, 1880, aged eighty years. His father was Robert Lenox, a Scotchman, who began business in New York in 1783, and retired in 1812 with a large fortune, including a farm of thirty acres, worth then about $6,000, and to-day $10,000,000,—if such figures can be made accurate. Cf. also Charles Deane in Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc., April, 1880. Henry Stevens’s Recoll. of Lenox is conspicuous for what it does not reveal.

[72] The Lenox Library is now under the direction of the distinguished American historical student, Dr. George H. Moore, so long in charge of the New York Historical Society’s library. Cf. an account of Dr. Moore by Howard Crosby in the Historical Magazine, vol. xvii. (January, 1870). The officer in immediate charge of the library is Dr. S. Austin Allibone, well known for his Dictionary of Authors.

[73] Mr. Bartlett was early in life a dealer in books in New York; and the Americana catalogues of Bartlett and Welford, forty years ago, were among the best of dealers’ lists. Jackson’s Bibl. Géog., no. 641.

[74] The field of Americana before 1800 has been so nearly exhausted in its composition, that recent purchases have been made in other departments, particularly of costly books on the fine arts.

[75] Cf. Vol. III. p. 380.

[76] Because Greenland in the map of the Ptolemy of this year is laid down. The slightest reference to America in books of the sixteenth century have entitled them to admission.

[77] The book purports to have been printed in one hundred copies; but not more than half that number, it is said, have been distributed. Some copies have a title reading, Bibliographical notices of rare and curious books relating to America, printed in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, in the library of the late John Carter Brown, by John Russell Bartlett.

[78] Sir Arthur Helps, in referring to the assistance he had got from books sent to him from America, and from this library in particular, says: “As far as I have been able to judge, the American collectors of books are exceedingly liberal and courteous in the use of them, and seem really to understand what the object should be in forming a great library.” Spanish Conquest, American edition, p. 122.

[79] Cf. Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc., October, 1875.

[80] Dr. Trumbull himself has been a keen collector of books on American history, particularly in illustration of his special study of aboriginal linguistics; while his influence has not been unfelt in the forming of the Watkinson Library, and of that of the Connecticut Historical Society, both at Hartford.

[81] The first sale—there are to be four—took place in March, 1878, and illustrated a new device in testamentary bequests. Mr. Brinley devised to certain libraries the sum of several thousand dollars each, to be used to their credit for purchases made at the public sale of his books. The result was a competition that carried the aggregate of the sales, it is computed, as much beyond the sum which might otherwise have been obtained, as was the amount devised,—thus impairing in no degree the estate for the heirs, and securing credit for public bequests. The scheme has been followed in the sale of the library (the third part of which was Americana, largely from the Menzies library) of the late J. J. Cooke, of Providence, with an equivalent appreciation of the prices of the books. It is a question if the interests of the libraries benefited are advanced by such artificial stimulation of prices, which a factitious competition helps to make permanent.

[82] American Bibliopolist, viii. 128; Wynne’s Private Libraries of New York, p. 318. The collection was not exclusively American.

[83] Memoir of Mr. Crowninshield, by Charles Deane, in Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., xvii. 356. Mr. Stevens is said to have given about $9,500 for the library. It was sold in various parts, the more extensive portion in July, 1860. Allibone, vol. ii. p. 2,248.

[84] This collection—which Mr. Allan is said to have held at $15,000—brought $39,000 at auction after his death.

[85] Another catalogue rich in pamphlets relating to America is that of Albert G. Greene, New York, 18339.

[86] The Catalogue is more correctly printed than the Essay. Sabin, Bibliog. of Bibliog., p. cxxv.

[87] Bibliotheca Mejicana, a collection of books relating to Mexico, and North and South America; sold by Puttick & Simpson in London, June, 1869. (About 3,000 titles.)

[88] Jackson, Bibl. Géog., nos. 844, 845.

[89] Catalogue de la collection précieuse de livres anciens et modernes formant la Bibliothèque de feu M. Serge Sobolewski (de Moscou) Leipsic, 1873.

[90] Bibliotheca Sunderlandiana. Sale Catalogue of the Sunderland or Blenheim Library. Five Parts. London, 1881-1883. (13,858 nos.)

[91] Catalogue de livres rares et précieux, manuscrits et imprimés, principalement sur l’Amérique et sur les langues du monde entier, composant la bibliothèque de Alphonse L. Pinart, et comprenant en totalité la bibliothèque Mexico-Guatémalienne de M. l’abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg. Paris, 1883. viii. 248 pp. 8º.

[92] Catalogue de la précieuse bibliothèque de feu M. le Docteur J. Court, comprenant une collection unique de voyageurs et d’historiens relatifs à l’Amérique. Première partie. Paris, 1884. (458 nos.)

[93] There is an account of his family antecedents, well spiced as his wont is, in the introduction to his Bibliotheca Historica, 1870.

[94] Trübner, Bibliographical Guide to American Literature (1859), p. iv.; North American Review, July, 1850, p. 205, by George Livermore.

[95] Allibone, ii. 2247-2248.

[96] Sabin, vol. xii. no. 49,961.

[97] Stevens, Historical Collections, i. 874. It was ostensibly made in preparation for his projected Bibliographia Americana.

[98] Historical Collections, vol. i. no. 90; Allibone, vol. ii. p. 2248.

[99] Allibone, ii. 2248; Historical Collections, vol. i. no. 875; Bibliotheca Historica (1870), no. 1,974.

[100] Allibone, ii. 2248; Historical Collections, vol. i. no. 878.

[101] It was first published, less perfectly, in the American Journal of Science, vol. xcviii. p. 299; and of the separate issue seventy-five copies only were printed. Bibliotheca Historica (1870), no. 1,976. It was also issued as a part of a volume on the proposed Tehuantepec Railway, prepared by his brother, Simon Stevens, and published by the Appletons of New York the same year. Ibid. no. 1,977; Historical Collections, vol. i. nos. 894-895; Allibone, vol. ii. p. 2348, nos. 17, 18, 19.

[102] Historical Collections, vol. i. no. 897.

[103] It is a droll fancy of his to call his bookshop the “Nuggetory;” to append to his name “G. M. B.,” for Green Mountain Boy; and even to parade in a similar titular fashion his rejection at a London Club,—“Bk-bld—Ath.-Cl.”

[104] Historical Collections, vol. i. no. 898.

[105] Historical Collections, vol. i. no. 899.

[106] The public is largely indebted to the efforts of Mr. Theodore F. Dwight, the librarian and keeper of the Archives of the Department of State at Washington, for the ultimate success of the endeavor to secure these manuscripts to the nation. Mr. Stevens had lately (1885) formed a copartnership with his son, Mr. Henry N. Stevens, and had begun a new series of Catalogues, of which No. 1 gives his own publications, and No. 2 is a bibliography of New Hampshire History. He died in London, February 28, 1886.

[107] N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., 1863, p. 203. Dr. Homes, of Albany, is confident Joseph Bumstead was earlier in Boston than Mr. Drake. The Boston Directory represents him as a printer in 1800, and as a bookseller after 1816.

[108] His earliest catalogue appeared in 1842, as of his private library. Sabin’s Bibl. of Bibl., p. xlix. A collection announced for sale in Boston in 1845 was withdrawn after the catalogue was printed, having been sold to the Connecticut Historical Society for $4,000. At one time he amassed a large collection of American school-books to illustrate our educational history. They were bought (about four hundred in all) by the British Museum.

[109] Cf. Jackson’s Bibl. Géog., no. 684, and pp. 185, 199. Also see Vol. III. 361.

[110] His catalogues are spiced with annotations signed “Western Memorabilia.” Sabin (Dictionary, vii. 369) quotes the saying of a rival regarding Gowans’s catalogues, that their notes “were distinguished by much originality, some personality, and not a little bad grammar.” His shop and its master are drawn in F. B. Perkins’s Scrope, or the Lost Library. A Novel. Mr. Gowans died in November, 1870, at sixty-seven, leaving a stock, it is said, of 250,000 bound volumes, besides a pamphlet collection of enormous extent. Mr. W. C. Prime told the story of his life, genially, in Harper’s Magazine (1872), in an article on “Old Books in New York.” Speaking of his stock, Mr. Prime says: “There were many more valuable collections in the hands of booksellers, but none so large, and probably none so wholly without arrangement.” Mr. Gowans was a Scotchman by birth, and came to America in 1821. After a varied experience on a Mississippi flat-boat, he came to New York, and in 1827 began life afresh as a bookseller’s clerk. Cf. American Bibliopolist, January, 1871, p. 5.

[111] Harrisse, Bibl. Amer. Vet., p. xxx.

[112] Jackson, Bibl. Géog., nos. 670-676.

[113] Jackson, no. 687. See Vol. IV. p. 435. Munsell issued privately, in 1872, a catalogue of the works printed by him. Sabin, Bibl. of Bibl., p. cv. Cf. a Biographical Sketch of Joel Munsell, by George R. Howell, with a Genealogy of the Munsell Family, by Frank Munsell. Boston, 1880. This was printed (16 pp.) for the New England Historic Genealogical Society.

[114] Jackson, no. 669.

[115] They have been issued in 1869, 1871, 1873, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1883. Jackson, nos. 705-711. Lesser lists have been issued in Cincinnati by William Dodge. The chief dealer in Americana in Boston, who issues catalogues, is, at the present time, Mr. George E. Littlefield.

[116] Another is now in progress.

[117] With these canons Mr. Quaritch’s prices can be understood. The extent and character of his stock can be inferred from the fact that his purchases at the Perkins sale (1873) amounted to £11,000; at the Tite sale (1874), £9,500; at the Didot sales (1878-1879), £11,600; and at the Sunderland sales (1883), £32,650, out of a total of £56,851. At the recent sales of the Beckford and Hamilton collections, which produced £86,444, over one half, or £44,105, went to Mr. Quaritch. These figures enable one to understand how, in a sense, Mr. Quaritch commands the world’s market of choice books. A sketch, B. Q., a biographical and bibliographical Fragment (1880, 25 copies), in the privately printed series of monographs issued to a club in London, of which Mr. Quaritch is president, called “The Sette of Odd Volumes,” has supplied the above data. The sketch is by C. W. H. Wyman, and is also reprinted in his Bibliography of Printing, and in the Antiquarian Magazine and Bibliographer, November, 1882. One of the club’s “opuscula” (no. iii.) has an excellent likeness of Mr. Quaritch prefixed. Cf. also the memoir and portrait in Bigmore and Wyman’s Bibliography of Printing, ii. 230.

[118] Jackson, nos. 643-649; Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. xix.

[119] Mr. Trübner died in London March 30, 1884. Cf. memorial in The Library Chronicle, April, 1884, p. 43, by W. E. A. Axon; also a “Nekrolog” by Karl J. Trübner in the Centralblatt für Bibliothekswesen, June, 1884, p. 240.

[120] Cf. notice by Mr. Brevoort in Magazine of American History, iv. 230.

[121] There is a paper on “Edwin Tross et ses publications relatives à l’Amérique” in Miscellanées bibliographiques, Paris, 1878, p. 53, giving a list of his imprints which concern America.

[122] Jackson, nos. 689, 703, 717.

[123] Vol. IV. chap. viii. editorial note. There is an account of Muller and his bibliographical work in the Centralblatt für Bibliothekswesen, November, 1884.

[124] Jackson, nos. 650-654; Trübner, Bibliographical Guide, p. xix; Sabin, Bibliog. of Bibliog., p. cv; Petzholdt, Bibliotheca Bibliographica.

[125] More or less help will be derived from the American portion of the Liste provisoire de bibliographies géographiques spéciales, par James Jackson, published in 1881 by the Société de Géographie de Paris,—a book of which use has been made in the preceding pages.

[126] See the chapter on the libraries of Boston in the Memorial History of Boston, vol. iv.

[127] The extent of Dr. Dexter’s library is evident from the signs of possession which are so numerously scattered through the 7,250 titles that constitute the exhaustive and very careful bibliography of Congregationalism and the allied phases of religious history, which forms an appendix to his Congregationalism as seen in its Literature, New York, 1880. He explains in the Introduction to his volume the wide scope which he intended to give to this list; and to show how poorly off our largest public libraries in America are in the earliest books illustrating this movement, he says that of the 1,000 earliest titles which he gives, and which bear date between 1546 and 1644, he found only 208 in American libraries. His arrangement of titles is chronological, but he has a full name-index.

The students of the early English colonies cannot fail to find for certain phases of their history much help from Joseph Smith’s Descriptive Catalogue of Friends’ Books, London, 1867; his Bibliotheca Anti-Quakeriana, 1873; and his Bibliotheca Quakeristica, a bibliography of miscellaneous literature relating to the Friends, of which Part I. was issued in London in 1883.

[128] The private library of George Bancroft is in Washington. It is described as it existed some years ago in Wynne’s Private Libraries of New York.

[129] A book on the private libraries of San Francisco by Apponyi was issued in 1878.

[130] An account of the libraries of the various historical societies in the United States is given in the Public Libraries of the United States, issued by the Bureau of Education at Washington in 1876.

[131] The title is quoted differently by different authorities. Harrisse, Bibl. Amer. Vet., no. 32, and Additions, no. 16; his Christophe Colomb, i. 89; Humboldt, Examen critique, iv. 67; Sabin, Dictionary of Books relating to America, x. 327; D’Avezac, Waltzemüller, p. 79; Varnhagen, Nouvelles Recherches, p. 17; Irving’s Columbus, app. ix.

[132] See Vol. IV. p. 12. The editorship is in dispute,—whether Zorzi or Montalboddo. The better opinion seems to be that Humboldt erred in assigning it to Zorzi rather than to Montalboddo. Cf. Humboldt, Examen critique; Brunet, v. 1155, 1158; Sabin, Dictionary, vol. xii. no. 50,050; D’Avezac, Waltzemüller, p. 80; Graesse, Trésor; Harrisse, Bibl. Amer. Vet., nos. 48, 109, app. p. 469, and Additions, no. 26; Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, October, 1857, p. 312; Santarem’s Vespucius, Eng. tr., p. 73; Irving’s Columbus, app. xxx.; Navarrete, Opúsculos, i. 101; Harrisse, Christophe Colomb, i. 89. There are copies of this 1507 edition in the Lenox and Carter-Brown libraries, and in the Grenville Library; and one in the Beckford sale, 1882 (no. 186), brought £270. Cf. also Murphy Catalogue, no. 2,612[A], and Catalogue de la précicuse bibliothèque de feu M. le Docteur F. Court (Paris, 1884), no. 262. The Paesi novamente retrovati is shown in the chapter on the Cortereals in Vol. IV. to be of importance in elucidating the somewhat obscure story of that portion of the early Portuguese discoveries in North America. Since Vol. IV. was printed, two important contributions to this study have been made. One is the monograph of Henry Harrisse, Les Cortereal et leur voyages au Nouveau-monde. D’après des documents nouveaux ou peu connus tirés des archives de Lisbonne et de Modène. Suivi du texte inédit d’un recit de la troisième expédition de Gasper Cortereal et d’une carte nautique portugaise de 1502 reproduite ici pour la première jois. Mémoire lu à l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres dans sa séance du 1er juin, 1883, and published in Paris in 1883, as Vol. III. of the Recueil de voyages et de documents pour servir à l’histoire de la géographie depuis le XIIIe jusqu’à la fin du XVIe siècle. The other is the excerpt from the Archivo des Açores, which was drawn from that work by the editor, Ernesto do Canto, and printed separately at Ponta Delgarda (S. Miguel) in an edition of one hundred copies, under the title of Os Corte-Reaes, memoria historica accompanhada de muitos documentos ineditos. Do Canto refers (p. 34) to other monographs on the Portuguese discoveries in America as follows: Sebastião Francisco Mendo Trigoso,—Ensaio sobre os Descobrimentos e Commercio dos Portuguezes em as Terras Septentrionaes da America, presented to the Lisbon Academy (1813), and published in their Memorias da Litteratura, viii. 305. Joaquim José Gonçalves de Mattos Corrêa,—Acerca da prioridade das Descobertas feitas pelos portuguezes nas costas orientaes da America do norte, which was printed in Annaes maritimos e Coloniaes, Lisbon, 1841, pp. 269-423. Luciano Cordeiro,—De la part prise par les Portugais dans le découverte de l’Amerique, Lisbon, 1876. This was a communication made to the Congrès des Américanistes in 1875. Cf. Vol. IV. p. 15.

[133] Harrisse, Bibl. Amer. Vet., no. 55; D’Avezac, Waltzemüller, p. 80; Wieser, Magalhâes-Strasse, pp. 15, 17. There are copies in the Lenox, Carter-Brown, Harvard College, and Cincinnati Public libraries. The Beckford copy brought, in 1882, £78. Quaritch offered a copy in 1883 for £45. At the Potier sale, in 1870 (no. 1,791), a copy brought 2,015 francs; the same had brought 389 francs in 1844 at the Nodier sale. Livres payés en vente publique 1,000 francs et au dessus, 1877, p. 77. Cf. also Court, no. 263.

[134] Only one copy in the United States, says Sabin.

[135] In Carter-Brown and Lenox libraries; also in the Marciana and Brera libraries. Leclerc in 1878 priced a copy at 1,000 francs. Cf. Harrisse, no. 90, also p. 463, and Additions, no. 52; Sobolewski, no. 4,130; Brunet, v. 1158; Court, no. 264.

[136] Sabin, vol. xii. no. 50,054; Leclerc, no. 2,583 (500 francs). A copy was sold in London in March, 1883. There is a copy in the Cincinnati Public Library.

[137] Harrisse, no. 109; Sobolewski, no. 4,131; Carter-Brown, vol. i. no. 68; Murphy, no. 2,617.

[138] Newe unbekanthe landte (Nuremberg, 1508), by Ruchamer; copies are in the Lenox, Carter-Brown, Congress, and Cincinnati Public libraries. Cf. Sabin, vol. xii. no. 50,056; Carter-Brown, vol. i. no. 36; Harrisse, no. 57; Murphy, no. 2,613; Sobolewski, no. 4,069; D’Avezac, Waltzemüller, p. 83; Rosenthal, Catalogue (1884), no. 67, at 1,000 marks.

[139] Nye unbekande Lande (1508), in Platt-Deutsch, by Henning Ghetel, of Lubeck, following the German. Sabin, vol. xii. no. 50,057; Harrisse, Additions, no. 29. The Carter-Brown copy (Catalogue, vol. i. no. 37) cost about 1,000 marks at the Sobolewski (no. 4,070) sale, when it was described as an “édition absolument inconnu jusqu’au présent.” Mr. C. H. Kalbfleisch has since secured a copy at 3,000 marks,—probably the copy advertised “as the second copy known,” by Albert Cohn, of Berlin, in 1881, in his Katalog, vol. cxxxix. no. 27. Cf. Studi biografici e bibliografici della Società Italiana, i. 219.

[140] Itinerariū Portugallēsiū e Lusitania in Indiā (Milan, 1508), a Latin version by Archangelus Madrinanus, of Milan. Cf. D’Avezac, Waltzemüller, p. 82; Sabin, vol. xii. no. 50,058; Harrisse, no. 58; Sobolewski, no. 4,128; Muller (1870), no. 1,844. There are copies in the Lenox, Barlow, Harvard College, Carter-Brown (Catalogue, vol. i. no. 35), and Congressional libraries. The Beckford copy (no. 1,081) brought £78. Sabin quotes Bolton Corney’s copy at £137. Copies have been recently priced at £30, £36, and £45. A copy noted in the Court Catalogue (no. 177) differs from Harrisse’s collation.

[141] Sensuyt le nouveau mōde, supposed to be 1515; some copies vary in text. The Lenox Library has two varieties. Cf. Sabin, vol. xii. nos. 50,059, 50,061; Harrisse, no. 83, and Additions, no. 46; D’Avezac, Waltzemüller, p. 84. An edition of 1516 (Le nouveau monde) is in the Carter-Brown and Lenox libraries (Sabin, vol. xii. no. 50,062; Court, no. 248; Harrisse, no. 86; Sobolewski, no. 4,129). One placed in 1521 (Sensuyt le nouveau mōde) is in Harvard College Library (Harrisse, no. 111; Sabin, vol. xii. no. 50,063). Another (Sensuyt le nouveau monde) is placed under 1528 (Sabin, vol. xii. no. 50,064; Harrisse, no. 146, and Additions, no. 87).

[142] Bibl. Amer. Vet., no. 50. Harrisse also gives a chapter to Peter Martyr in his Christophe Colomb, i. 85.

[143] See also the reference in Joannes Tritemius’ De scriptoribus ecclesiasticis (Cologne, 1546), pp. 481-482. There have been within a few years two monographs upon Martyr:(1) Hermann A. Schumacher’s Petrus Martyr, der Geschichtsschreiber des Weltmeeres (New York, 1879); (2) Dr. Heinrich Heidenheimer’s Petrus Martyr Anglerius und sein Opus epistolarum (Berlin, 1881). This last writer gives a section to his geographical studies.

[144] Humboldt, Examen critique, ii. 279; Irving, Columbus, app.; Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella (1873), ii. 74, and Mexico, ii. 96; H. H. Bancroft, Central America, i. 312; Helps, Spanish Conquest. Cf. Harrisse, Bibl. Amer. Vet., nos. 66 and 160.

[145] Morelli’s edition of Letter of Columbus, 1810.

[146] There is an examination of this edition on page 109 of Vol. II.

[147] Harrisse, Bibl. Amer. Vet., no. 88; Carter-Brown Catalogue, vol. i. no. 50; Huth, p. 920; Brunet, i. 293; Murphy, no. 1,606; Leclerc, no. 2,647 (600 francs); Stevens, Nuggets, £10 10s.; Bibliotheca Grenvilliana. There is a copy in Charles Deane’s collection. Tross priced a copy in 1873 at 900 francs.