CHAPTER XIII. MISCELLANY.

121 Local coal of very inferior quality appears to also have been used. Such entries occur as “four loodes of cole at Hilton delve, 4s.,” but this was probably only the cost of the carriage, as the coal would belong to the Shuttleworths, and be got in the quarry.

122 “Bibliotheca Heraldica,” p. 582.

123 See “History of Rochdale,” p. 352.

124 The author read a paper on “The Lancashire Demoniacs” before the Hist. Soc. of Lanc. and Ches. (vol. xxxv.), in which this subject is more fully gone into.

125 This case does not belong to the seventeenth century, but it is inserted here as bearing upon the subject, and only occurred four years before the century began.

126 “The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the County of Lancaster, with the arraignment and trial of nineteene notorious Witches, etc., etc.; London, 1613.” Reprinted by the Chetham Soc., vol. vi., old series.

127 See Lanc., and Ches. Ant. Soc., x. 215.

128 Some of these tracts are now very scarce.

129 One of these was found near Rochdale a few years ago. (See “History of Rochdale,” p. 535.)

130 Satirical poem, Hopkinson’s MSS., xxxiv. 85.

131 “Nicholas Assheton’s Journal,” Chetham Soc., xiv.

132 Liverpool Municipal Records.

133 The Chetham Society, vols. ii., xlii., and lxvi., contained full details of the Civil War in Lancashire. From this source many of the following particulars are taken.

134 In a tract dated July 5, 1642, entitled “The Beginning of the Civil Warres in England, or Terrible News from the North,” Lord Strange is reported to have approached Manchester with a considerable armed force on July 5, and drawing up at a little distance from the town, demanded that the inhabitants should deliver up their magazines. On their refusal to give them up, he marched against the town, outside of which he was met by “ten small companies set in a faire battalion,” and a skirmish took place, which lasted several hours, and resulted in the withdrawal of the Royalist forces with the loss of twenty–seven men. The tract then states “that this is the beginning of the Civill Warre, being the first stroke that hath been struck, and the first bullet that hath been shot.” There is much reason to doubt the correctness of this reported fight, as no mention of it is made by contemporary authorities.

135 These fortifications consisted of posts and chains, and barricades of mud. They were erected under the superintendence of Lieutenant–Colonel Rosworm, a German engineer, at a cost of £30.

136 A slightly different version of this is given in “Lancashire’s Valley of Achor.”

137 Major Edward Robinson, “A Discourse of the Warr in Lancashire,” Chetham Soc., lxii.

138 “Lancashire’s Valley of Achor.”

139 “A punctuall relation of the passages in Lancashire this week” (February 14, 1642).

140 This is Major Robinson’s statement.

141 Major Robinson says he “discharged that little pece of ordenance they carried with them divers times,” and then walked into the town.

142 “Lancashire’s Valley of Achor.”

143 Edward Bridgeman, late M.P.

144 This castle was afterwards ordered to be dismantled. Its position rendered it difficult to attack, as it stood on an eminence from which the ground sloped rapidly in every direction. It was entered by the large windows on the east side, and the entrance thus gained, the victory was assured.

145 This castle was first taken by Colonel Ashton, in June, 1643, but Sir John Girlington, having got hold of it, reoccupied it.

146 For full details of these two sieges see “Civil War Tracts,” Chetham Soc., ii.

147 Seacome’s “Memoirs of the House of Stanley.”

148 In Salford Chapel, “for poor distressed Bolton,” the very large sum of £140 was collected (“Vicar’s Chronicle”).

149 By way of Blackburn and Colne; at the latter place a slight skirmish took place on June 25. At Kirkham, between May and September, 1644, no accounts of the vestry were kept, because “Prince Rupert’s army” had command of the county, and many of the parishioners had fled. In 1642 the soldiers “pulled asunder the organ pipes in the church.”

150 “A Discourse of the Warr in Lancashire.”

151 Another authority gives 32,000 (Burghall’s “Civil War in Cheshire”).

152 Lieut.–General Cromwell’s letter to the Hon. William Lenthall.

153 Burghall put the killed and wounded at 4,000, and adds that they took 6,000 prisoners!

154 Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser., 1648–9, p. 219.

155 For full details of this historic incident see “Stanley Papers,” “Civil Warr in Lancashire” (Chetham Society), Seacome’s “Memoirs,” Hughes’ “Boscobel Tracts,” etc.

156 State Papers, Dom. Ser., iv. 240.

157 Heawood’s “Coronation.”

158 Published by Chetham Society, vol. xii., old series.

159 “Autobiography of William Stout”; London, 1851.

160 A few years afterwards he was sent to a school in Westmorland, where he was taught both Latin and Greek.

161 The place where the meal was bolted = sifted.

162 The cotton trade had not yet arisen. These goods were coatings, and made of wool.

163 One solitary book, “A Guide to Heaven from the Word,” is said on doubtful authority to have been printed at Smithy Door, Manchester, in 1664.

164 Kingston’s “True History of the Several Designs and Conspiracies against his Majesty’s Person and Government, as they were carried on from 1688 to 1697.”

165 For full details of this “plot” see the late Mr. Beamont’s introduction to “The Jacobite Trials in Manchester, 1694” (Chetham Soc., xxviii.), and also Dr. Abbadie’s “True History of the Late Conspiracy,” etc.; London, 1696.

166 All well–known Lancashire men, except Sir Rowland Stanley, who lived in Cheshire.

167 Chetham Soc., xxviii.

168 See Lanc. and Ches. Ant. Soc., vol. v.

169 Bright’s “Early English Church History,” p. 111.

170 Lancashire was subsequently included in the Diocese of Lichfield and Coventry until the establishment of the See of Chester, in 1541, the northern portion being in the Archdeaconry of Richmond, in the Diocese of York.

171 Lancaster parish is partly in Lonsdale and partly in Amounderness.

172 Symeon of Durham’s “Life of St. Cuthbert,” Surtees Soc., li. 141.

173 See Lanc. and Ches. Ant. Soc., vol. ix.

174 Aldcliffe Hall is on the south of the river. Of Newton all trace is lost. See “Materials for History of the Church of Lancaster,” Chetham Soc., xxvi., new series.

175 Calendar of Papal Reg., A.D. 1193–1304, and chartulary of the priory.

176 Calendar of French Rolls; 48th Report of Deputy–Keeper of Records.

177 Worthings = manure.

178 “Antiquities of Furness.”

179 Probably granted for a term of years.

180 Printed by the Chetham Society (new series, vols. xiii., xiv., xv.).

181 A compound of “kirk,” the Danish or Scandinavian for church, and the Anglo–Saxon “ham,” a village or a dwelling.

182 Whitaker’s “History of Whalley.”

183 Chetham Society, Coucher Book of Whalley.

184 See Whitaker’s “History of Whalley,” from which this description is taken.

185 Recently forms have been placed in the church.

186 For detailed drawing of Stydd Church see “The History of Stydd Chapel and Preceptory,” by George Latham; London, 1853.

187 Warrington Church Notes.

188 For details of remains of Burscough, see Lanc. and Ches. Hist. Soc., 1889.

189 Dom. Gilbert Dolan, O.S.B. (Lanc. and Ches. Hist. Soc., vols. vii., viii., p. 231).

190 Partly printed by Chetham Society, cvii. and cxiii.

191 Bridge = a kind of thread.

192 Communion–cloths.

193 A glass bottle to hold oil.

194 Created in 1848, and includes all Lancashire, except parts of West Derby which are in Chester Diocese, and the Furness and Cartmel districts, which were added to Carlisle.

195 Near the door of the dining–room is a small hole in the flag floor, somewhat like the impress of a human foot, which tradition says marks the place where George Marsh stamped his foot as he protested to the truth of his faith.

196 State Papers, Dom. Ser., 1547–1565.

197 State Papers, Dom. Ser., addenda xix., p. 525.

198 Ibid., p. 161.

199 Ibid., cxxxviii., p. 18.

200 See “History of Poulton–le–Fylde” (Fishwick), Chetham Society, viii., new series.

201 Chetham Society, xcvi., p. 1.

202 Chester Presentments at York. See also “History of Kirkham” (Fishwick), Chetham Society, xcii. 45.

203 State Papers, Dom. Ser., Eliz., vol. cclxxix., No. 86.

204 “A True and Exact Relation of the Death of Two Catholics,” etc.; London, 1737.

205 See “History of Kirkham,” Chetham Society, xcii., also article in “Bygone Lancashire”; London, 1892.

206 “Bygone Lancashire”: London, 1892.

207 Including North Meols, which is omitted in the survey.

208 The names were those who were considered “fit to be of the classis.”

209 St. Michael’s–on–Wyre and Lytham are left out.

210 Written by the Rev. Richard Heyricke. Both these tracts are now very scarce.

211 “Lancashire: its Puritanism, etc.,” i. 465.

212 “Lancashire Quaker Literature” (Fishwick), Trans. of Lanc. and Ches. Ant. Soc., 1887.

213 They so designated the church.

214 “Notitia Cestriensis,” Chetham Society, xix.

215 See “Lancashire Nonconformity,” by the Rev. B. Nightingale also Dr. Halley’s “Lancashire Puritanism,” etc.

216 The original meeting–house was at Castle Hey.

217 S. Hibbert Ware, M.D. See Chetham Society, v. (old series), from which many of the facts concerning this rebellion are taken.

218 Works consulted: Patten’s “History of the Rebellion,” Rae’s “History of the Rebellion,” “Lancashire Memorials of 1715” (Chetham Soc., v.), “Manchester Collectanea” (Chetham Soc., lxviii.), “History of Garstang,” etc.

219 His real name was Hoghton.

220 A clergyman of the Church of England.

221 “The Authentic History of the Life and Character of Thomas Cappoch (the rebel Bishop of Carlisle), etc.” London, 1739.

222 One of Dr. Deacon’s sons died on the road.

223 “Through England on a Side–saddle,” by Celia Fiennes; London, 1888. The date ascribed to this journey is the time of William and Mary. This, strictly speaking, is in the last decade of the seventeenth century, but it is near enough to the eighteenth century to serve as an illustration.

224 See article by Mr. W. Harrison in the Lanc. and Ches. Hist. Soc., vol. iv.

225 These roads were not cart–roads, but intended for horse and foot passengers, and in Lancashire were paved with narrow blocks of millstone grit, which are still in places to be seen, the centre deeply worn by the tread of the horses.

226 Another, A.D. 1766.

227 See Mr. Harrison’s List of Turnpike Roads (Lanc. and Ches. Ant. Soc., x.).

228 This invention is by some attributed to John Wyatt, of Birmingham, but recent research gives the credit to Lewis Paul. (See Espinasse’s “Lancashire Worthies.”)

229 Some authorities assert that Arkwright’s mill in Nottingham was built prior to Hargreaves’.

230 He did not, as has been frequently stated, die in poverty. He left property worth £4,000.

231 See Guest’s “Compendious History”; Baines’s “History of Cotton Manufacture”; Espinasse’s “Lancashire Worthies,” etc.

232 Quarterly Review, No. 213, p. 64.

233 Kennedy’s “Brief Memoir of Crompton”; see also French’s “The Life and Times of Samuel Crompton,” and Espinasse’s “Lancashire Worthies.”

234 Article by Mr. W. E. A. Axon, Lanc. and Ches. Ant. Soc., vol. iv.

235 See Roby’s “Traditions of Lancashire”; Harland and Wilkinson, “Legends and Traditions of Lancashire,” etc.

236 A somewhat similar tradition obtains of Wardley Hall, where the skull of Roger Downes, who was slain in London in 1676, was preserved for centuries.