Agnooski and Winisk rivers, description of country between, 55

 

Agricultural country, rich, north of lake Winnipeg, 44-45

 

Agricultural Experiments, early, and their success, 30

 

Agricultural land, good, around head of lake Winnipeg, 58

 

Agricultural possibilities of the country south of Reed and Wuskwatim lakes, 53

  of the country from Prince Albert to Fort Pitt, 97-98

  at Ile à la Crosse, 98

  at Lac la Ronge, 100-102

  around Deer lake, 106

  at Methye lake, 108-109

  in Green lake district, 112-113

  at Chipewyan, 133

  at Baptiste lake, 135

  at Calling river, 136

  at McMurray, 136

  at Chipewyan, 137

  around Cowpar lake, 137-138

  in country west of Methye and Buffalo lakes and south of Clearwater river, 137-138

  around Heart lake, 138

  around Winefred lake, 138

  in Peace river country, 144

  at Fort Vermilion, 147-148

  at Red River fort, 148

  at Fort St. John, 150

  at Dunvegan, 150-154

  at Grand Prairie, 155-156

  at Fort Vermilion, 157, 163-164

  around Edmonton, 166-167

  of Mackenzie river region, 208, 219

 

Alluvium on banks of Great Slave lake, 283

 

Alsop, Enoch, testimony of, 33

 

Anderson river, basin of, 277

  fairly well wooded, 277

 

Animals, fur-bearing, in Keewatin area, 88

  about Winisk and Attawapiskat rivers, 91

  in the area south of Cross lake, 92

  at Churchill, 93

  of Clearwater country, 127

  in the far northwest, 127-128

  in the country between Churchill river and lake Athabaska, 128-129

 

Arable Land of Mackenzie river region, 208

 

Arctic grayling in Peace region, 296

 

Armstrong, Mr. John, report of, on the preliminary survey of 1908 and 1909 for the proposed railway to Hudson Bay, 60

  on the preliminary surveys for the Hudson Bay railway, 87

 

Artillery lake, 309

 

Aspen:—(‘Trembling-leaved Poplar’), 65

 

Asphalt on Great Slave lake, 283

 

Athabaska lake, 116

  timber on the shores of, 123

  minerals near lake, 124

  evidence of Archbishop Clut before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to minerals in country northwest of, 125-126

 

Athabaska river and tributaries, 131-132

  basin, Sir John Franklin’s report of the agricultural possibilities of, 133

  valley, climate conditions in various parts of, 141-142

  water power on, 177

  iron found on, 181

  general description, 245

  summers very hot on, 245

  timber, 261

  water power along river, 262

  country has fine balsam poplar, 268

  petroleum, 282

  moose, 290

  woodland caribou, 291

  fish, 299

 

Attawapiskat river, 66-67

 

Attawapiskat and Winisk rivers, basins of the, 70-71

 

Attawapiskat and Winisk rivers, fish of, 91

 

Aylmer lake, 311

 

 

Back, Captain, explorations of, 13, 14

  impression of the view from the heights above the Clearwater at Methye portage, 118

  report on timber of Reindeer lake, 267

 

Back’s grayling in the tributaries of Peace river in Rocky mountains, 204

 

“Balsam Fir” also called “Single Spruce” and “Silver Pine”, 65

 

Baptiste lake, agricultural possibilities of, 135

 

Barley and oats grown at Chipewyan settlement on Buffalo river, 108

 

Barren Lands, the, area comprised in, 29

  topography, soil, climate, flora, 303

  tree growth and timber resources, 317

 

Battle river, gold found in the bars above the mouth of, 180

 

Bears, white, in the northern part of Hudson bay and black in southern part, 89

 

Bear and Moose along Lockhart river, 291

 

Bear river, birch on, 277

  gypsum, 282

 

Bear lake settlement, 171

 

Beaver plentiful along Clearwater valley, 130

 

Beech, Mr. William, description of, of the country around Hudson bay and at Churchill, 63

  of the timber resources of Hudson bay region, 79-80

  of the water power available in Hudson bay region, 80

  of fish and animals at Churchill, 93-94

 

Bell, Doctor Robert, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., exploratory trips of, 17, 18

  report of his exploratory trip from lake Winnipeg to Hudson bay in 1878, 37, 38

  testimony before the Senate Committee of 1887, 38

  report of his explorations in the valleys of Nelson and Churchill rivers in 1879, 65-66

  1886 report, 66

  before Senate Committee of 1887, 82

  description of the rocks of the eastern part of lake St. Joseph, 82

  1886 report as to fish, animals and game in Keewatin area, 88

  evidence before the Senate Committee of 1887 as to fish, animals and game in Keewatin area, 88-89

  evidence before the Senate Committee of 1887 as to agriculture in Athabaska district, 134-135

  opinion of the tar sands in Athabaska river in his paper before the American Institute of Engineers, Toronto, in 1907, 187

 

Bell, James Macintosh, F.R.G.S., exploratory trips of, 21

  description of country along Martin river, 266

  description of Great Bear river, 271

  fine timber at Keith bay, 275

 

Birch, 122

  canoe birch at Fort Rae, 266

  grown within Arctic circle, 274

  on Bear river, 277

 

Bituminous Spring on Cree river, 126

 

Bitumen from Fort Providence to Chipewyan, 285

 

Black bay on lake Athabaska, galena found at, 181

 

Bompas, the Right Reverend, opinion of, of the soil in Peace river country, 145-146

 

Boulder river, timber along, 66

 

Bredin, W. F., Esq., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907, 104

  evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to tar sands on Buffalo lake, 126

  as to agriculture in Athabaska district, 137

  as to agriculture in Peace river country, 165-167

  as to the natural gas along Athabaska river, 193

 

Brick, Reverend J. Gough, evidence of, before the Senate Committee, as to agriculture and climate in Peace river country, 161-162

 

British North America Act, 1

 

Brock, Mr. R. W., opinion of, of petroleum and natural gas in northern Alberta, 194

  of coal deposits, 286

 

Browne, Alexander, evidence of, on the mineral resources of the country around Hudson bay, 81

 

Buffalo lake tar sands, 126

 

Burntwood river, timber along, 72

 

Button, Captain Thomas, 7

 

Button bay, timber on, 76

 

 

Calling river, agricultural possibilities on, 136

 

Canoe lake, good gardens at, 108

 

Caribou in country between Churchill and Owl river, 93

  south of Athabaska, 291

  between Fort Rae and Great Bear lake, 291

  between Athabaska lake and Churchill river, 291

  west of the Mackenzie, 292

  pass Rampart House semi-annually, 293

  of the Barren Lands, 292, 343

  value of, 349

  an experiment by Dr. Grenfell, 350

 

Cereals in Mackenzie river region, 221

 

Champions of the north, 5, 6

 

Chesterfield inlet, water routes via, 307

  spring at, 310

 

“Chinooks” at Arctic circle, 224

 

Chipewyan settlement, 108

  advent of spring at, 133

  agricultural possibilities at, 133, 137

  timber in the vicinity of, 175

 

Christie, Hon. William, evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to the agricultural possibilities of the country from Prince Albert to Fort Pitt, 97, 98

  as to the agricultural possibilities of Peace river country, 157

  as to wood buffalo in northern Alberta, 195, 196

 

Churchill and Owl rivers, timber in the country between, 76, 77

 

Churchill, fur-bearing animals near, 93

  fish, 93, 94

 

Churchill river, 99

  country north of, 115, 116

  tributaries, 116

  waterpower, 120

  timber along the banks, 120, 122

  timber north of, 123

 

Churchill and Clearwater rivers, resources of the region south of, 105

  timber north of, 122, 123

 

Clay Belt, the, 61

 

Clay, Corporal S. G., report of, of his patrol through Grande prairie country in 1911, 207

 

Clearwater lake and Pas, timber in the country between, 75, 76

  Mr. McLaggan’s description of the waters between, 92

 

Clearwater river, country good along, 104, 105

  river and valley as described by Mr. F. J. P. Crean, 109, 110

 

Clearwater valley from Methye portage, description of the height of land overlooking, 117, 118

  described by Bishop Tache, 118

  water power, 121

  sulphur springs on, 125, 126

  animals, 127

  beaver plentiful along, 130

  iron found on, 181

 

Climate of the country lying south of Reed and Wuskwatim lakes, 54

  of district explored by Mr. Crean in 1908, 111

  in various parts of Athabaska valley, 141, 142

  in Peace river country, 149

  at Dunvegan, 151, 152

  at Fort Vermilion, 165

  in Peace river country, described by Mr. Warburton Pike, in his book, 173, 174

  of Peace river country exceptionally healthy, 174

 

Clut, Archbishop, evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to minerals in country northeast of lake Athabaska, 125, 126

  as to gold in Peace and Liard rivers, 181

  as to timber, 265, 269

  on feathered game, 294

 

Coal found south of Saskatchewan and Churchill rivers, 124

  on Saskatchewan river, 124

  along either side of Cree river, 126

  at Lac la Ronge, 126

  at McKay, 182

  along Mackenzie river, 281

  two hundred square miles, 286

 

Cobalt found on west shore of Reindeer lake, 125

 

Cold Springs settlement, 171

 

Conroy, Mr. H. A., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to agricultural possibilities in Athabaska district, 136, 137

  as to the climate conditions in Athabaska-Peace river country, 142

  as to the agricultural resources of Peace river country, 168, 169

  as to timber in Athabaska country, 176

  his report to the Superintendent of Forestry, January 17, 1910, as to timber in Athabaska country, 176

 

Cook, Richard S., Esq., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907, 102, 104

  as to mineral in region north of the Saskatchewan, 126

  as to the fish in country north of the Saskatchewan, 129

 

Copper around File lake, 85

  found at Wekusko lake, 86

  at the junction of Nahanni and Liard rivers, 282

  in Barren Lands, 325

  deposits rival those around lake Superior, 328

 

Cowpar lake, agricultural possibilities around, 137, 138

 

Crean, Frank, J. P., C.E., explorations of, 25, 27

  natural resources of district south of Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 105, 115

  description of Clearwater river and valley, 109, 110

  report on water powers, 120, 121

  reports on timber areas, 120, 122

  as to minerals in country north of the Saskatchewan, 126

  as to fish and game in country north of the Saskatchewan, 129, 130

  as to agriculture in the country west of Methye and Buffalo lakes and south of Clearwater river, 137, 138

  as to the tar sands on Athabaska river, 187, 188

  fish and game in district explored by him in 1909, 204, 205

 

Cree lake, 116

 

Cree river, timber on the shores of, 123

  bituminous springs on, 126

  coal along either side of, 126

  minerals reported by Chief Factor A. McDonald on, 126

 

Cross lake and Pas, timber of the district between, 78, 79

 

 

Dawson-Hind expeditions, 2

 

Dawson, Doctor G. M., exploration of, 17

  report of 1879-80 as to agriculture in Peace river country, 157-161

  evidence before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to timber in Peace river country, 177-179

  description of petroleum along the Athabaska in his Summary Report for 1894, 189

  reports spruce as far north as Bear lake river, 271

  on Back’s grayling, 295

 

Dease, Peter Warren and Thomas Simpson, Exploration of, 14

 

Dease river, 278

 

Deer lake, timber around, 68

  agricultural possibilities good, 106

 

Deer at Fort Resolution, 293-294

 

Dickson, J. R., B.S.A., M.S.F., inspection by, in 1910, of the timber along the line of the proposed Hudson Bay railway from Pas to Split lake, 60-61

  report as to climate and soil conditions of the area between Pas and Split lake, 62-63

  report on the timber of the district between Pas and Cross lake, explored by him in 1910, 78-79

  report of the mineral deposits of the area explored by him south of Cross lake, 86

  report of the area south of Cross lake as to fish, animals, and game, 92

 

Distances estimated on the patrol of Inspector E. A. Pelletier of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 24

 

Dowling, Mr. D. B., explorations of, in 1899, 21

  report of his explorations in 1893, 46-47

  report of his explorations in 1899, 69

  report of 1901 on Ekwan district, 69-70

  report of his 1893 explorations, 70

  explorations of Severn district in 1901, 83-84

  report in 1901 of the game, animals and fish in Ekwan district, 90-91

  report on the timber in the country around Green and Ile à la Crosse lakes and Lac la Ronge, 119-120

 

Dubawnt lake, 307

 

Dunvegan, agricultural possibilities at, 150-154

 

 

Economic minerals, report of Mr. Wm. Ogilvie on, 284

 

Edmonton, agricultural possibilities around, 166-167

 

Ekwan district, timber in, 69

  game, animals and fish, 90-91

 

Ells, R. W., LL.D., F.R.S.C., opinion of, on the tar sands of Athabaska river as stated in the Geological Survey report, 186-187

 

Explorations, Dawson-Hind, 2

 

Explorations of Doctor John Richardson and Doctor Rae, 15

 

Explorations of Doctor Selwyn, Director of the Geological Survey, and Professor John Macoun, 17

 

Explorations of Doctor G. M. Dawson, 17

 

Explorations of Captain Back, 13, 14

 

Explorations of Thomas Simpson and Peter Warren Dease, 14

 

Explorations of Arctic Regions by Sir John Franklin, 14

 

Explorations conducted by the Canadian Government, 16

 

Explorations of Mr. A. P. Low of the Geological Survey, 18

 

Explorations of Mr. R. G. McConnell, B.A., 18, 19

 

Explorations of Doctor Bell, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., 17, 18

 

Explorations of Mr. William Ogilvie, D.L.S., in 1884 and 1888, 18

 

Explorations of Great Slave lake district by Mr. Warburton Pike, 19

 

Explorations of Mr. J. Burr Tyrrell, 19, 20

 

Explorations of Mr. D. B. Dowling of the Geological Survey in 1899, 21

 

Explorations of Mr. David T. Hanbury, 21, 22

 

Explorations of the country between Great Slave lake and Chesterfield inlet on Hudson bay, by J. W. Tyrrell, C.E., 21

 

Explorations of James Macintosh Bell, F.R.G.S. 21

 

Explorations of Mr. Edward A. Preble of the United States Biological Survey, 22

 

Explorations of Mr. William McInnes, 23

 

Explorations of W. Thibaudeau, C.E., in Churchill district, 23

 

Explorations of Frank J. P. Crean, C.E., of the Railway Lands Branch of the Department of the Interior, 25, 26, 27

 

Explorations of Mr. J. W. McLaggan of Strathcona, Alberta, in 1907, 58, 59

 

Explorations of W. Thibaudeau, C.E., in 1906, of the country between Churchill and Owl rivers, 76, 77

 

Explorations of Mr. Wm. McInnes in 1906 of the basins of Reed and Wekusko lakes and Grass river, 84, 85

 

Explorations for minerals of the district north of Lac Seul by Mr. A. W. G. Wilson, 85, 86

 

European districts compared with northwestern Canada, 241

 

Evidence before the Parliamentary Committee of 1749, 30, 31

 

Evidence of Doctor Bell before the Senate Committee of 1887, 67

 

Evidence of Mr. Low before the Senate Committee of 1907, 68

 

Evidence of Mr. McInnes before the Senate Committee of 1907, 73