| BOOK FOURTH. |
| ON IDEAS. |
| CHAPTER | | PAGE |
| I. | Cursory View of Sensism | 3 |
| II. | Condillac's Statue | 6 |
| III. | Difference between Geometrical Ideas and the Sensible Representations which accompany them | 12 |
| IV. | The Idea and the Intellectual Act | 15 |
| V. | Comparison of Geometrical with Non-Geometrical Ideas | 20 |
| VI. | In what the Geometrical Idea consists; and what are its Relations with Sensible Intuition | 25 |
| VII. | The Acting Intellect of the Aristotelians | 29 |
| VIII. | Kant and the Aristotelians | 33 |
| IX. | Historical View of the Value of Pure Ideas | 42 |
| X. | Sensible Intuition | 50 |
| XI. | Two Cognitions: Intuitive and Discursive | 54 |
| XII. | The Sensism of Kant | 57 |
| XIII. | Existence of Pure Intellectual Intuition | 59 |
| XIV. | Value of Intellectual Conceptions.—Abstraction made from Intellectual Intuition | 62 |
| XV. | Illustrations of the Value of General Conceptions | 65 |
| XVI. | Value of Principles, independently of Sensible Intuition | 68 |
| XVII. | Relations of Intuition with the rank of the Perceptive Being | 71 |
| XVIII. | Aspirations of the Human Soul | 74 |
| XIX. | Elements and variety of the characters of Sensible Representation | 76 |
| XX. | Intermediate Representations between Sensible Intuition and the Intellectual Act | 81 |
| XXI. | Determinate and Indeterminate Ideas | 84 |
| XXII. | Limits of our Intuition | 88 |
| XXIII. | Of the Necessity involved in Ideas | 92 |
| XXIV. | Existence of Universal Reason | 96 |
| XXV. | In what does Universal Reason consist? | 99 |
| XXVI. | Remarks on the Real Foundation of Pure Possibility | 102 |
| XXVII. | Individual and Intellectual Phenomena explained by the Universal Subsisting Reason | 105 |
| XXVIII. | Observations on the Relation of Language to Ideas | 108 |
| XXIX. | Origin and Character of the relation between Language and Ideas | 112 |
| XXX. | Innate Ideas | 115 |
| |
| BOOK FIFTH. |
| IDEA OF BEING. |
| I. | Idea of Being | 125 |
| II. | Simplicity and Indeterminateness of the Idea of Being | 127 |
| III. | Substantive and Copulative Being | 129 |
| IV. | Being, the Object of the Understanding, is not the Possible, Inasmuch as Possible | 134 |
| V. | A Difficulty Solved | 138 |
| VI. | In what Sense the Idea of Being is the Form of the Understanding | 141 |
| VII. | All Science is founded in the Postulate of Existence | 143 |
| VIII. | The foundation of Pure Possibility, and the Condition of its Existence | 147 |
| IX. | Idea of Negation | 150 |
| X. | Identity; Distinction; Unity; Multiplicity | 153 |
| XI. | Origin of the Idea of Being | 155 |
| XII. | Distinction between Essence and Existence | 161 |
| XIII. | Kant's Opinion of Reality and Negation | 164 |
| XIV. | Recapitulation and Consequences of the Doctrine concerning the Idea of Being | 168 |
| |
| BOOK SIXTH. |
| UNITY AND NUMBER. |
| I. | Preliminary Considerations on the Idea of Unity | 175 |
| II. | What is Unity? | 176 |
| III. | Unity and Simplicity | 180 |
| IV. | Origin of the Tendency of our Mind to Unity | 183 |
| V. | Generation of the Idea of Number | 187 |
| VI. | Connection of the Ideas of Number with their Signs | 191 |
| VII. | Analysis of the Idea of Number in Itself and its Relations with Signs | 194 |
| |
| BOOK SEVENTH. |
| ON TIME. |
| I. | Importance and Difficulty of the Subject | 201 |
| II. | Is Time the Measure of Movement? | 203 |
| III. | Similarities and Differences between Time and Space | 206 |
| IV. | Definition of Time | 211 |
| V. | Time is Nothing Absolute | 213 |
| VI. | Difficulties in the explanation of Velocity | 215 |
| VII. | Fundamental Explanation of Succession | 219 |
| VIII. | What is Co-existence? | 223 |
| IX. | Present, Past, and Future | 226 |
| X. | Application of the preceding Doctrine to several important Questions | 231 |
| XI. | The Analysis of the Idea of Time confirms its resemblance to the Idea of Space | 234 |
| XII. | Relations of the Idea of Time to Experience | 236 |
| XIII. | Kant's Opinion | 239 |
| XIV. | Fundamental Explanation of the Objective Possibility and of the Necessity of the Idea of Time | 242 |
| XV. | Important Corollaries | 243 |
| XVI. | Pure Ideal Time and Empirical Time | 245 |
| XVII. | Relations of the Idea of Time and the Principle of Contradiction | 247 |
| XVIII. | Summing up | 254 |
| XIX. | A glance at the Ideas of Space, Number, and Time | 257 |
| |
| BOOK EIGHTH. |
| THE INFINITE. |
| I. | Transitory View of the Actual State of Philosophy | 263 |
| II. | Importance and Anomaly of the Questions on the Idea of the Infinite | 268 |
| III. | Have we the Idea of the Infinite? | 269 |
| IV. | The Limit | 272 |
| V. | Considerations on the Application of the Idea of the Infinite to continuous quantities, and to Discrete Quantities, in so far as these last are expressed in Series | 274 |
| VI. | Origin of the Vagueness and Apparent Contradictions in the Application of the Idea of the Infinite | 278 |
| VII. | Fundamental Explanation of the Abstract Idea of the Infinite | 281 |
| VIII. | The Definition of Infinity confirmed by Application to Extension | 285 |
| IX. | Conception of an Infinite Number | 289 |
| X. | Conception of Infinite Extension | 292 |
| XI. | Possibility of Infinite Extension | 294 |
| XII. | Solution of Various Objections against the Possibility of an Infinite Extension | 296 |
| XIII. | Existence of Infinite Extension | 302 |
| XIV. | Possibility of an Actual Infinite Number | 304 |
| XV. | Idea of Absolutely Infinite Being | 311 |
| XVI. | All the Reality contained in Indeterminate Conceptions is affirmed of God | 315 |
| XVII. | All that is not contradictory in Intuitive Ideas is affirmed of God | 317 |
| XVIII. | Intelligence and the Absolutely Infinite Being | 321 |
| XIX. | Summing up | 324 |
| |
| BOOK NINTH. |
| ON SUBSTANCE. |
| I. | Name and General Idea of Substance | 331 |
| II. | Application of the Idea of Substance to Corporeal Objects | 333 |
| III. | Definition of Corporeal Substance | 338 |
| IV. | Relation of Corporeal Substance to its Accidents | 340 |
| V. | Considerations on Corporeal Substance in Itself | 344 |
| VI. | Substantiality of the Human Me | 347 |
| VII. | Relation of the Proposition, I Think, to the Substantiality of the Me | 349 |
| VIII. | Remarks on the Soul's Intuition of Itself | 352 |
| IX. | Kant's Opinion of the Arguments proving the Substantiality of the Soul | 355 |
| X. | Kant's Opinion of the Argument which he calls Paralogism of Personality | 366 |
| XI. | Simplicity of the Soul | 377 |
| XII. | Kant's Opinion of the Argument proving the Simplicity of the Soul | 381 |
| XIII. | In what manner the Idea of Substance may be applied to God | 394 |
| XIV. | An important Remark, and Summary | 397 |
| XV. | Pantheism examined in the Order of Ideas | 399 |
| XVI. | Pantheism examined in the Order of External Facts | 403 |
| XVII. | Pantheism examined in the Order of Internal Facts | 406 |
| XVIII. | Fichte's Pantheistic System | 409 |
| XIX. | Relations of Fichte's System to the Doctrines of Kant | 424 |
| XX. | Contradiction of Pantheism to the Primary Facts of the Human Mind | 429 |
| XXI. | Rapid glances at the Principal Arguments of Pantheists | 434 |
| |
| BOOK TENTH. |
| NECESSITY AND CAUSALITY. |
| I. | Necessity | 439 |
| II. | The Unconditioned | 442 |
| III. | Immutability of Necessary and Unconditioned Being | 445 |
| IV. | Ideas of Cause and Effect | 448 |
| V. | Origin of the Notion of Causality | 451 |
| VI. | Formula and Demonstration of the Principle of Causality | 454 |
| VII. | The Principle of Precedency | 457 |
| VIII. | Causality in Itself.—Insufficiency and Error of some Explanations | 467 |
| IX. | Necessary and sufficient Conditions of true Absolute Causality | 474 |
| X. | Secondary Causality | 476 |
| XI. | Fundamental Explanation of the Origin of the Obscurity of Ideas in what relates to Causality | 479 |
| XII. | Causality of Pure Force of the Will | 483 |
| XIII. | Activity | 486 |
| XIV. | Possibility of the Activity of Bodies | 493 |
| XV. | Conjectures as to the Existence of Corporeal Activity | 496 |
| XVI. | Internal Causality | 500 |
| XVII. | Remarks on Spontaneity | 508 |
| XVIII. | Final Causality;—Morality | 513 |
| XIX. | Various Explanations of Morality | 520 |
| XX. | Fundamental Explanation of the Moral Order | 527 |
| XXI. | A Glance at the Work | 543 |