[565] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, 1856, p. 340.

[566] Ibid., p. 91.

[567] Detroit Sunday News Tribune, quoted by the Louisville Journal, Aug. 12, 1894.

[568] Conversation with Henry Stevenson, Windsor, Ont., July, 1895.

[569] Conversation with Elder Anthony Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.

[570] E. M. Pettit, Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, pp. 66, 67. See also Chapter I, p. 14, and Chapter VI, p. 178.

[571] Conversation with William Johnson, at Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.

[572] Conversation with Allen Sidney, Windsor, Ont.

[573] Conversation with John Evans, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.

[574] Conversation with John Reed, Windsor, Ont.

[575] The Rev. J. W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman, 1859, told by himself; chap. xxiv, pp. 338, 340.

[576] Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 209.

[577] Mission of Upper Canada, Vol. I, No. 17, Wed., July 31, 1839.

[578] Ibid.

[579] Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.

[580] May, Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 303.

[581] Hinton, John Brown and His Men, p. 175.

[582] Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 249, 250.

[583] Ibid., p. 251.

[584] Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.

[585] Niles' Register, Vol. XXV, p. 289.

[586] Howe, Refugees in Canada West, p. 68.

[587] Levi Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.

[588] Benjamin Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 292.

[589] George Bryce, Short History of the Canadian People, p. 403.

[590] Benjamin Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 291.

[591] S. G. Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 107, 108.

[592] History of Knox County, Illinois (published by Charles C. Chapman and Co.), p. 203. Here it is stated: "Mr. Wilson arranged with the authorities to have all supplies for the fugitive slaves admitted free of customs duty. Many were the large well-filled boxes of what was most needed by the wanderer taken from the wharf at Toronto during that winter [1841] by E. Child, mission-teacher. He was then a student at Oneida Institute, N.Y., but for many years has resided in Oneida, this county. He went into Canada for the purpose of teaching the fugitives."

[593] Conversation with Jacob Cummings, a fugitive from Tennessee, now living in Columbus, O. Mr. Cummings was at one time a collecting agent for a settlement at Puce, Ont. He told the author, "While agent, I was sent to Sandusky. I would collect goods for the settlement, and ship it to Detroit, marked 'Fugitive Goods.' Brother Miller, at the Corners, a little place about fifteen miles from Detroit, would take care of these, and Canada wouldn't charge any duty on 'fugitive goods.'"

[594] J. C. Hamilton, Magazine of American History, Vol. XXV, p. 238.

[595] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 311, 368.

[596] Ibid., p. 322.

[597] Quoted by Drew, p. 326.

[598] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.

[599] Ibid., p. 367.

[600] Ibid., pp. 367, 369; Austin Steward, Twenty-two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman, p. 272.

[601] Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 68, 69.

[602] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 308.

[603] The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, 1852, p. 115. See also Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 171. Mr. Drew ascribes the honor of the original conception of this Institute to the Rev. Hiram Wilson. (See A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.) Mr. Henson, after asserting that he and Mr. Wilson called the convention of 1838, continues, "I urged the appropriation of the money to the establishment of a manual-labor school...." (Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 169.) It appears that both Wilson and Henson were placed on the committee on site. As they were friends and coworkers, it is safe to accord them equal shares in the undertaking.

[604] Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 169.

[605] The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 115.

[606] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.

[607] First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 17. See also Drew's North-Side View, p. 311.

[608] Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.

[609] Ibid., p. 117.

[610] A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.

[611] Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, pp. 182-186.

[612] The dimensions of the model house-were twenty-four by eighteen feet, and twelve feet high.

[613] Third Annual Report, September, 1852, quoted by Drew in North-Side View of Slavery, p. 293.

[614] Fourth Annual Report, September, 1853. See Drew's work, p. 294.

[615] Fifth Annual Report, September, 1854; Drew's work, p. 295.

[616] Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 70, 71.

[617] Ibid., p. 108.

[618] Ibid., p. 110.

[619] Laura S. Haviland, A Woman's Life Work, pp. 192, 196, 201.

[620] The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 69, 70.

[621] A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 367.

[622] The Life of Josiah Henson, as narrated by Himself, p. 117.

[623] Conversation with the Rev. Jacob Cummings, a refugee now living at Columbus, O.

[624] Ibid.

[625] First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, Appendix, p. 22.

[626] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 148.

[627] Ibid., p. 349.

[628] Ibid., p. 369.

[629] First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, p. 22.

[630] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 236.

[631] Ibid., p. 322.

[632] Ibid., pp. 294, 325.

[633] Third Annual Report (1852), quoted by Drew, p. 293.

[634] Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 109, 110.

[635] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.

[636] The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.

[637] Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 69.

[638] A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 235.

[639] Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 521.

[640] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 189.

[641] Ibid., p. 190.

[642] Drew, North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.

[643] A statement to this effect, which appeared in the Marine Journal of New York, is quoted in McClure's Magazine for May, 1897, p. 618.

[644] See the letter signed "D. F.," printed in McClure's Magazine, May, 1897, p. 618.

[645] Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 251. The italics are my own.

[646] The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.

[647] Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 16.

[648] Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.

[649] The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, Appendix, p. 99.

[650] Quoted by Howe in The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 17.

[651] Conversation with Mr. Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.

[652] John Brown and His Men, p. 171.

[653] The Underground Railroad, p. 127.

[654] Ibid., p. 166.

[655] The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 17.

[656] Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, p. 173 et seq.

[657] This is substantiated by the testimony of various Canadian refugees.

[658] First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.

[659] Father Henson's Story of His Own Life, pp. 165, 166; Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 196, 369.

[660] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 120.

[661] The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 65, 66. See also Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 368.

[662] Mitchell, The Underground Railroad, p. 128.

[663] First Annual Report of the Society, pp. 16, 17.

[664] The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.

[665] Dr. Howe quotes the following statement from Mr. Brush, town clerk of Malden: "A portion of them (the colored people) are pretty well behaved, and another portion not.... A great many of these colored people go and sail (are sailors) in the summer-time, and in the winter lie around, and don't do much.... We have to help a great many of them, more than any other class of people we have here. I have been clerk of the council for three years, and have had the opportunity of knowing. I think the council have given more to the colored people than to any others." See also A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 58.

[666] A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 62.

[667] Ibid., p. 94.

[668] Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 63.

[669] Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.

[670] A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 94, 119, 147, 234, 321, 344, 348, 376, 378.

[671] The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 63, 64. See also Mitchell's Underground Railroad, pp. 130, 131, 133, 135, 137-139, 142-144, 146, 148 et seq.

[672] The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 95, 101, Appendix, pp. 109, 110. In her book, A Woman's Life Work, p. 193, Mrs. Laura S. Haviland reports some interesting cases of this sort.

[673] Mitchell, The Underground Railroad, pp. 140, 164, 165.

[674] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 341, 342.

[675] Ibid., pp. 118, 147, 235.

[676] Ibid., p. 341.

[677] Ibid., p. 308.

[678] First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.

[679] A Woman's Life Work, pp. 192, 193.

[680] The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 77.

[681] Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 236, 237.

[682] Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 92.

[683] Ibid.

[684] Still, Underground Railroad Records, 2d ed., pp. 59, 65, 105, 137, 193, 249, 263, 291, 293, 337, 385, 448, 490.

[685] The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 61, 62.

[686] Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. xxvii.

[687] Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, Appendix, p. 108.

[688] Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.

[689] Mitchell, The Underground Railroad, pp. 155, 156.

[690] The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 102. William Still, who made a trip through Canada West in 1855, expressed a view similar to that above quoted, and added the words: "To say that there are not those amongst the colored people in Canada, as every place, who are very poor, ... who will commit crime, who indulge in habits of indolence and intemperance, ... would be far from the truth. Nevertheless, may not the same be said of white people, even where they have had the best chances in every particular?" Underground Railroad Records, p. xxviii.

[691] Chronotype, Oct. 7, 1850.

[692] Clipping from the Commonwealth, preserved in a scrap-book relating to Theodore Parker, Boston Public Library.

[693] Conversation with Mr. Oliver, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.

[694] Conversation with the Rev. James Poindexter, Columbus, O., summer of 1895.

[695] History of Summit County, Ohio, pp. 579, 580.

[696] Letters of Mrs. Susan L. Crane, Elmira, N.Y.

[697] See p. 250, this chapter.

[698] The Chicago Tribune, Jan. 29, 1893.

[699] Letter of John F. Hogue, Greenville, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895.

[700] Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 297.

[701] Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 304; see also E. B. Andrews' History of the United States, Vol. II, p. 36.

[702] Conversation with Mr. Sanborn, Cambridge, Mass., March, 1897.

[703] The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 97.

[704] James H. Fairchild, The Underground Railroad, Tract No. 87, in Vol. IV, Western Reserve Historical Society, p. 106.

[705] G. M. Stroud, A Sketch of the Laws Relating to Slavery, 2d ed., 1856, pp. 281, 282.

[706] Statutes of the State of Ohio, 1841, collated by J. B. Swan, pp. 595-600.

[707] Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 367.

[708] Some Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 380. The newspapers named by Mr. May are, The Advertiser and The American of Rochester, The Gazette and Observer of Utica, The Oneida Whig, The Register, The Argus and The Express of Albany, The Courier and Inquirer and The Express of New York.

[709] The Underground Railroad, pp. 13, 14.

[710] Weiss, Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. II, p. 93.

[711] The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims, by Samuel May, Jr., 1861, p. 19.

[712] Ibid., p. 31. See Appendix B, p. 374.

[713] Ibid., p. 68 et seq.

[714] See Appendix B, p. 375.

[715] Congressional Globe, New Series, Vol. XXII, Part I, p. 793.

[716] F. Bowen on "Extradition of Fugitive Slaves," Vol. LXXI, p. 252 et seq.