GLOSSARY

(6) Active decontamination is attempted only when weathering will not decontaminate the packaging material in sufficient time. Decontamination procedures can be enhanced by using heat to vaporize the chemical agent; by reaction with decontaminants; or by removing with hot soapy water.


	WEATHER CONDITIONS

AGENT	SUNNY, AROUND 20°C, LIGHT BREEZE	WET AND WINDY, AROUND 10°C	CALM, SUNNY, LYING SNOW, AROUND -10°C

MUSTARD(HD)	2-7 DAYS	1/2-2 DAYS	2-8 WEEKS
TABUN(GA)	1-4 DAYS	1/2-6 HOURS	1 DAY-2 WEEKS
SARIN(GB)	1/4-4 HOURS	1/4-1 HOUR	1-2 DAYS
SOMAN(GD)	2-1/2-5 DAYS	3-36 HOURS	1-6 WEEKS
NERVE(VX)	3-21 DAYS	1-12 DAYS	1-16 WEEKS

(a) The simplest (standard) decontamination materials are water and detergents. An effective decontaminant is hot water used with the addition of soap or detergent and scrubbing. Commercial abrasive powdered cleansers are effective decontaminants for many surfaces (metal, glass, Formica), but not wood or soft plastics.

(b) Water can be used to flush chemical agents from surfaces. High-pressure application produces a better cleansing action than low pressure. If the surface has absorbed the agent, flushing will remove the surface contamination, but will not affect the agent that is absorbed.

(c) Soaking contaminated items in boiling water is an excellent decontamination method for some agents. Water alone will not be sufficient to decontaminate all chemical agents. Soaking in warm or cold water may reduce the contamination slightly; however, the hazard may not be reduced sufficiently even after prolonged soaking. If hot water is not available, or if it might cause damage to the item, other methods of decontamination should be considered, such as decontaminating solutions or a caustic solution followed by thorough rinsing.

(d) Fibrous materials such as cloth and canvas are best decontaminated by washing and scrubbing.

(e) Glass, metal, porcelain, and plastic surfaces are best decontaminated by using hot water or hot soapy water. Some toxic materials are readily removed with no more than slight abrasion or brushing.

(f) Painted, varnished, and waxed surfaces are generally smooth and nonporous. Dust and liquids are readily removed by wiping, brushing, or vacuuming. Absorbed materials are removed by hot water, detergent, or complexing agents. None of these surfaces stand up well to heavy abrasive techniques. Agents can be attacked and removed by caustics, acids, and organic chemicals. Some of these surfaces readily absorb agents, so weathering following decontamination is advisable.

(g) Rubber is a porous material that can absorb agents. It is not easily decontaminated by abrasive techniques. Warm, soapy water used with brushing is effective since it removes some absorbed contamination. Strong acids, alkalies, and organic solvents may deteriorate and decompose rubber articles.

(7) Operational rations are the primary rations issued; always issue uncontaminated stocks first. This allows for decontamination of contaminated stocks without interrupting supply support. Normally, contaminated stocks are not issued. The decision to issue contaminated items is based on the tactical situation, criticality of the items, type and extent of contamination, and the time and resources available for decontamination. Decontamination efforts on subsistence items are limited to the containers and carton overwrap material.

(a) The MRE retort and nonretort food pouch may be decontaminated with soap and water wash. The chemical agents will be removed by the solutions.

(b) Semipermeable materials (polyethylene menu bag, shrink wrap, and film wrap) may have chemicals deposited not only on the surface, but also dissolved into the matrix of the material. The chemicals can be removed from the surface by washing with hot soapy water, but contaminant dissolved in the material is not removed. The remaining agent can only be removed by weathering which can be accelerated through the use of heat and sweeping the surface with air.

(c) Fiberboard is both sorbent and permeable and acts like a blotter. Liquid decontaminants can force the contaminant further into the fiberboard. Any attempt to decontaminate fiberboard would be futile. The only alternatives are to remove the fiberboard, or to allow it to weather.

(d) Palletized unit loads of MRE and UGR outerwraps can be decontaminated through the aid of a forced clean air sweep in 4 to 5 days, compared to 3 weeks or more under natural conditions without a forced air sweep.

(8) Contaminated food supplies are only handled by personnel trained in decontamination methods and in MOPP Level 4. Contaminated food items are divided into three groups as described below (see Table J-1 for additional information).

(a) Group 1 consists of canned and unopened packaged items which have been exposed only to agent vapors. Most items in this group will be safe to issue after a brief period of outdoor airing to remove clinging vapors. Table J-7 lists the decontamination procedures for packaging materials contaminated with nerve agents, mustards, and arsenicals.


PACKAGING MATERIAL	CONTAMINATION	DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

AIRTIGHT METAL	VAPOR AND	AIR FOR 24 HOURS. WASH
CONTAINERS, GLASS	LIQUID	WITH HOT SOAPY WATER,
BOTTLES, FOIL		SODA, OR BLEACH SOLUTION.
ALUMINATED LAMINATED		RINSE WITH WATER.
MATERIALS.

POLYESTER, PVF.	VAPOR	REMOVE CONTAMINATED
WOODEN BOXES, CRATES,		PACKAGE. AIR CONTENTS FOR
BOARD, MULTILAYER		24 HOURS.
BAGS.

CARDBOARD,	LIQUID	CONTAMINATED CONTENTS—
POLYETHYLENE.		TREAT AS UNPACKAGED FOOD.

2. Food in cans or in other sealed, impermeable containers is not in danger of chemical contamination. Because contamination is confined to the outer surface of the sealed container, decontamination is accomplished by: immersion in boiling, soapy water for 30 minutes and rinse; immersion in boiling water for 30 minutes; spray with DS2; or to wash in hot soapy water, rinse, and aerate. Under no conditions should contaminated containers be opened before they have been decontaminated and monitored.

3. Supertropical bleach and DS2 can be used on the polyethylene menu bag for up to 24 hours without a significant change in appearance, tensile properties, and size of the plastic. The use of DS2 will cause significant degradative changes to most other plastics, while STB will cause little or no change. Also, DS2 may cause false positive readings when using M8 or M9 paper, or the M256 Detector Kit to check completeness of decontamination.

(c) Group III will consist of unpackaged or poorly packaged items which have been exposed to an agent in either vapor or liquid form. Foodstuffs in this group should be decontaminated only when absolutely necessary. The decision to use foods that have been contaminated is to be made by the commander. Decontamination procedure to be followed, in order, is: trim surface fat and grossly contaminated areas; wash with water or 2-percent sodium bicarbonate solution; then boil in water.

1. Boiling in water may be eliminated when the contamination has been only with the vapors of irritant agents. When such an exposure has been light, aeration for a short time may be used for decontamination.

2. Frying, roasting, or broiling will not remove traces of blister agents from meats. In general, salvage of foods heavily contaminated with droplets of the blister agents, especially the arsenical blister agents, is not practical. Foods of high water or fat content are unfit for consumption and reclamation is not practical when contaminated with liquid mustard or a liquid nitrogen mustard.

3. When foods have been exposed to blister agent vapor, they can be reclaimed by washing with sodium bicarbonate solutions and rinsing with clear water, by intensive cooking, or in the case of dry provisions, by 24 to 48 hours of aeration. Lean meat contaminated with mustard vapor can be reclaimed by boiling in water for 30 minutes or more. With nitrogen mustard vapor contamination, the meat should be boiled in a 2-percent sodium bicarbonate solution. Discard the water used to boil the meat.

4. Nerve agent contamination is treated the same as blister agent contamination.

5. Foods, such as potatoes and hard-skinned fruits and vegetables, can be decontaminated by washing or scrubbing, followed by peeling or scraping, then washing again.

6. Prepared food in open containers will be contaminated; it must be temporarily isolated, or disposed of (bury or as directed by commander).

7. A food Item that is contaminated with irritants can be decontaminated by airing. Consumability is determined by taste rather than toxicity.

8. Phosgene is rapidly hydrolyzed, therefore, washing the food with water or airing it will usually suffice.

10. Normally, hydrocyanic acid will have little effect on food supplies. The exposures will most likely be as a vapor. However, foods with a high water content may become unfit for consumption after exposure to high concentrations.

11. The effect of CK on foods is not known. Foods exposed to CK vapors are considered toxic.

12. Table J-8 lists the decontamination procedures for unpackaged food contaminated with a chemical agent.

(9) Decontaminating cattle, poultry, and other livestock is only attempted when other sources of food are not available. Heavily contaminated animals should be destroyed. Livestock contaminated lightly by phosgene, nerve agents, mustards, and arsenicals (such as vapor or liquid) may be slaughtered in the early stages of poisoning before the full effects of exposure are shown. If these animals are slaughtered in the preliminary stages of poisoning and all tissues exposed to the agent (the head, blood, lungs, organs, and local areas) are discarded, there is no danger in consumption of the meat, provided the animal passes a pre-slaughter and slaughter inspection. This is true even of animals poisoned by arsenical agents since the edible tissue will contain amounts of arsenic too small to be toxic. Organs (liver, brain, heart, kidney, and lungs) will contain more arsenic than the musculature and are discarded. The meat must be well cooked. Personnel involved in slaughtering procedures must be careful to prevent spreading contamination to the meat and to themselves.

(10) Decontaminating forage and grain exposed to only chemical agent vapors is by aeration. Aerated supplies, especially if mixed with larger amounts of uncontaminated supplies, produces no ill effects when fed to animals. Forage or grain heavily contaminated by liquid vesicants, especially arsenicals, should not be used.


CHEMICAL AGENT	FATTY FOODS (BUTTER, BACON, MILK, CHEESE, HAM).	NONFATTY FOODS, HIGH WATER CONTENT CRYSTALLINE (FRUITS, VEGETABLES, SALT, SUGAR).	NONFATTY FOODS, LOW WATER CONTENT, AMORPHOUS (FLOUR, CEREALS, BREAD, PEAS).

NERVE AGENTS
VAPOR, HEAVY	DESTROY	DESTROY, UNLESS POSSIBLE TO BOIL AFTER AIRING 48 HOURS.	AIR FOR 48 HOURS, THEN BOIL.
VAPOR, LIGHT	DESTROY	AIR FOR 48 HOURS, THEN BOIL.	AIR FOR 48 HOURS, THEN BOIL.
LIQUID	DESTROY	DESTROY	DESTROY
MUSTARDS
VAPOR	REMOVE 1-3 cm OF OUTER LAYER AND WASH WITH 2% SODIUM BICARBONATE SOLUTION. BOIL FOR AT LEAST 30 MINUTES. DESTROY MILK.	WASH WITH WATER. AIR FOR 48 HOURS.	WASH WITH WATER. AIR FOR 48 HOURS.
LIQUID	DESTROY	DESTROY	DESTROY
ARSENICALS
	DESTROY	DESTROY	DESTROY

GLOSSARY

ABCA American, British, Canadian, and Australian

ABO agents of biological origin

AC hydrogen cyanide

AFJMAN Air Force Joint Manual

amb ambulance

AMEDD Army Medical Department

AMEDDC&S Army Medical Department Center and School

AMedP Allied Medical Publication

AML area medical laboratory

AN/PDR27 radiac meter

AN/PDR77 radiac meter

AN/VDR2 radiac meter

AO area of operations

AR Army regulation

ATM advanced trauma management

ATTN attention

AXP ambulance exchange point

BAS battalion aid station

BAT Biological Augmentation Team

BC blood culture

bde brigade

BDU battle dress uniform

BI battle injury

BIDS Biological Integrated Detection System

Biological Warfare Agent Field Confirmation Identification Identification of a suspect biological warfare agent by means of devices/materials/technologies that are based on detecting biological markers using two or more independent biomarker results. Examples might include the findings of the presumptive biomarker identification with the addition of a positive PCR, ELISA, or electrochemiluminescence (ECL) results, using specific target nucleic acid sequences for the organism and antibody recognition of agent-specific antigen sites, respectively. (Field sample/specimen identification by forward deployed or forward positioned laboratories [such as the US Air Force Biological Augmentation Team (BAT), theater army medical laboratory, or forward deployed preventive medicine unit (US Navy) and homeland security Laboratory Response Network (LRN) Level B or C, US Army Community Hospitals or Medical Centers].)

Biological Warfare Agent Definitive Identification And Confirmation The specific identification of a suspect biological agent as to genus and species, serological type, or toxin. This level of identification is by means of devices/materials/technologies that are based on two or more independent biomarker results and using different methodologies. This level of identification is performed in a reference laboratory with a broader variety of methodologies available and highly skilled testing personnel, thus providing the highest levels of accuracy. (Sample/specimen identification is accomplished by homeland security LRN Level C and D and nationally recognized laboratory such as the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)

Biological Marker Characteristics of a biological agent (organism, virus, toxin, or product) that are specific to the agent. This includes (1) recognition of specific nucleic add sequences (DNA or ribonucleic acid [RNA]) unique to the bacteria or virus by a technique such as PCR; (2) identification of specific ECL assay; (3) specific growth properties as seen on selective media such as characteristic colony morphology on culture along with phage inhibition; (4) Identification using specific microscopic characteristics such as Gram stain, fluorescent antibody stain, immunohistochemical stain, or cytopathic effects.

Biological Warfare Agent Presumptive Identification Identification of a suspect biological warfare agent by means of devices/materials/technologies that are based detecting biological markers (biomarkers) using a single methodology. The biomarkers and/or methodologies used at this level of testing have significant limits to their accuracy. Agent identification to species level, or differentiation among a family of similar agents, may not be possible. This is equivalent to the LRN Level A and the US Army BIDS. (EXAMPLES: Identification by sensor triggering, hand-held devices [hand-held assays] or initial systems, or laboratory analysis employing one screening methodology [such as microscopic morphology, antibody/protein, or nucleic acid-based test].)

bot/pkg bottle/package

BSA brigade support area

BW biological warfare

BZ an incapacitating chemical warfare agent

C Centigrade/Celsius

C2 command and control

C4I Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence

CaCl calcium hypochlorite

cal/cm² calories per square centimeter

cal/cm²/sec calories per square centimeter per second

CAM chemical agent monitor

CANA convulsant antidote for nerve agent (diazepam)

CB chemical/biological

CBDA Chemical Biological Defense Agency

CBPS chemically biologically protected shelter

CBRNE chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive

CBSCC Chemical-Biological Sampling Control Center

CBSCE Chemical-Biological Sampling Control Element

cc cubic centimeter

CG phosgene

cGy centigray

CIS Commonwealth of Independent States (Russia)

CK cyanogen chloride

Cl chlorine

CLASS VIII Classification of medical supplies and equipment within the Federal Stock Classification
System

CLS combat lifesaver

cm centimeter

cm² square centimeter

CNS central nervous system

CO₂ carbon dioxide

CONUS continental United States

COSC combat operational stress control

CP chemically protected

CP DEPMEDS chemically protected deployable medical system

CPS collective protection shelter

CREST Casualty Requirements Estimation Tool

CS combat support

Cs-137 Cesium 137

CSF cerebrospinal fluid

CSH combat support hospital

CSS combat service support

CW chemical warfare

CX phosgene oxime

DA Department of the Army

DAP decontamination apparatus, portable

DCS division clearing station

DD Department of Defense

decon decontamination

DEPMEDS Deployable Medical System

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

DNBI disease and nonbattle Injury

DOD Department of Defense

DP diphosgene

DS2 decontaminating solution Number 2

DTF dental treatment facility

E EDTA

EAC echelons above corps

ECL electochemiluminescence

ECP entry control point

ECU environmental control units

EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate

EEE eastern equine encephalitis

ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EM electron microscopy

EMP electromagnetic pulse

EMS emergency medical services

EMT emergency medical treatment

EOD explosive ordnance disposal

EPW enemy prisoner of war

ER emergency room

evac evacuation

F Fahrenheit

F-1 Fraction-1

FA fluorescent antibody

FDECU field deployable environmental control unit

FH field hospital

FLOT forward line of own troops

FM field manual

FMC Field Medical Card

FSOP field standing operating procedures

FST forward surgical team

g gram

G1 Assistant Chief of Staff (Adjutant)

G2 Assistant Chief of Staff (Intelligence)

G3 Assistant Chief of Staff (Operations and Training)

G4 Assistant Chief of Staff (Logistics)

GA Tabun

gal gallon

GB Sarin

GD Soman

GF a nerve agent

GH general hospital

gm gram

GP general purpose

GVO green vinyl overboots

Gy gray (100 cGy)

H heparin

HD sulfur mustard (a blister agent)

HG chemical symbol for mercury

HL mustard and Lewisite mix

HMMWV high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle

HN nitrogen mustard

HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatography

HSL health service logistics

HSS health service support

HUB hospital unit base

HUH hospital unit holding

HUM hospital unit medical

HUS hospital unit surgical

HTH high test hypochlorite (70% available chlorine)

I-131 Iodine-131

IATA International Air Transportation Association

IAW in accordance with

IC intensive care

ICAM improved chemical agent monitor

ICC incident command center

ICU intensive care unit

ICW intensive care ward

ID Incapacitation dose

IgG immunoglobulin class G

IgM immunoglobulin class M

IMA installation medical authority

ISO International Organization for Standardization

IV intravenous

J2 Joint Intelligence Directorate

J3 Joint Operations Directorate

kg kilogram

km kilometer(s)

kph kilometers per hour

KT kiloton

L Lewisite

LAB laboratory

lb pound

LCE load-carrying equipment

LD lethal dose

LD 50/60 lethal dose for 50 percent of exposed persons within a period of 60 days

LRN Laboratory Response Network

LSD d-lysergic acid diethylamide

LZ landing zone

µ micron

m meters

m3 milligrams per minute

MCRP Marine Corps Reference Publication

MEDEVAC medical evacuation

Medical Countermeasures Those measures taken to maintain soldier sustainability through the prevention and pretreatment of injury from NBC agent hazards; and following injury those measures taken to treat NBC casualties and improve medical capability for diagnosis, physiological resuscitation and continued medical management of NBC casualties.

MES medical equipment set

MF2K Medical Force 2000 (Army of Excellence Organizations)

mg milligram

mg/kg milligrams per kilogram

MILVAN military-owned demountable container

ml milliliter

mm millimeter

MOPP mission-oriented protective posture

MOS military occupational specialty

MRE meal ready-to-eat

MRI Medical Reengineering Initiative

MSR main supply route

m/sec meters per second

MT megaton

MTF medical treatment facility

NaCl sodium chloride (salt)

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NAVMED P Naval Medical Publication

NBC nuclear, biological, and chemical

NBCC nuclear, biological, and chemical control

NBCWRS nuclear, biological, and chemical warning and reporting system

NCO noncommissioned officer

NL no limit

NTTP Navy Tactics Techniques and Procedures

O₂ oxygen

OEG operational exposure guide

OPLAN operation plan

OPSEC operations security

Patient Decontamination —The removal and/or the neutralization of hazardous levels of nuclear, biological, and chemical contamination from patients at a medical treatment facility. Patient decontamination is performed under the supervision of medical personnel to prevent further injury to the patient and to maintain the patient's health status during the decontamination process. Patient decontamination serves multiple purposes; it protects the patient from further injury, it prevents exposing medical personnel to the contamination, and it prevents contamination of the medical treatment facility.

PCR polymerase chain reaction

PDS patient decontamination station

pH symbol relating the hydrogen ion activity in gram equivalents per liter used in expressing the acidity and alkalinity on a scale whose values run from 0 to 14 with 7 representing neutrality. Numbers less than 7 indicate increasing acidity, and numbers greater than 7 indicate increasing alkalinity.

PMM preventive medicine measures

pnt patient

ppm parts per million

PPW patient protective wrap

PS chloropicrin

PVF polyvinyl fluoride

PVNTMED preventive medicine

QSTA Quadripartite Standardization Agreement

RDD radiological dispersal device

recon reconnaissance

RES radiation exposure status

RNA ribonucleic acid

ROWPU reverse osmosis water purification unit

RT red top

RT-PCR reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction

RTD return to duty

S1 Adjutant (US Army)

S2 Intelligence Officer (U.S. Army)

S3 Operations and Training Officer (U.S. Army)

S4 Supply Officer (U.S. Army)

SCUD ballistic missile

SDK skin decontaminating kit

SFG Special Forces Group

SMART special medical assistance response team

SOF Special Operations Forces

SOP standing operating procedure

Sr-89 Strontium-89

Sr-90 Strontium-90

STANAG Standardization Agreement (NATO)

STAT statim

STB supertropical bleach

Sv Sievert

T2 trichothecene

TAML theater Army medical laboratory

TC training circular

TEU technical escort unit

TEMPER tent, expandable, modular, personnel

Toxic Industrial Biological (TIB) Biological materials (bacteria, viruses, and toxins) found in medical research, pharmaceutical, and other manufacturing processes that are toxic to humans and animals, or cause damage to plants.

Toxic Industrial Chemical (TIC) Chemical compounds used or produced in industrial processes that are toxic to humans and animals, or cause damage to plants. EXAMPLES include fuels, solvents, heavy metals, and chemicals used in manufacturing processes.

Toxic Industrial Material (TIM) Toxic industrial materials may be toxic industrial chemical (TIC), toxic industrial biological (TIB) and toxic industrial radiological (TIR) materials.

Toxic Industrial Radiological (TIR) Radiation-emitting materials used in research, power generation, medical treatment, and other non-weapon developmental activities that are harmful to humans and animals if released outside their controlled environment.

TIR toxic industrial radiological

TM technical manual

^TM trademark

TOE table of organization and equipment (US Army organizational structure document)

TO theater of operations

trmt treatment

TSOP tactical standing operating procedures

TT tiger top

µ microns

UGR unit group rations

UN United Nations

US United States

USAF United States Air Force

V-agent a nerve agent

VEE Venezuelan equine encephalitis

VX a persistent nerve agent

WBGT wet bulb globe temperature

WEE western equine encephalitis

WMD-IST weapons of mass destruction—installation support team

REFERENCES

NATO

NATO Emergency War Surgery Handbook. 1988.

NATO STANAGs

These agreements are available on request (using DD Form 1425) from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700 Robins Avenue, Building 4, Section D, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111-5094.

2002. Warning Signs for the Marking of Contaminated or Dangerous Land Areas, Complete Equipments, Supplies and Stores. Edition 8. 29 January 1999.

2047. Emergency Alarms of Hazard or Attack (NBC and Air Attack Only). Edition 7. 24 July 1998. (Latest Amendment, 7 February 2000.)

2068. Emergency War Surgery. Edition 4. 28 October 1986. (Latest Amendment, 17 October 1991.)

2083. Commander's Guide on Nuclear Radiation Exposure of Groups. Edition 5. 19 September 1986. (Latest Amendment, 26 June 1994.)

2103. Reporting Nuclear Detonations, Biological and Chemical Attacks, and Predicting and Warning of Associated Hazards and Hazard Areas—ATP 45(A). Edition 8. 31 August 2000.

2104. Friendly Nuclear Strike Warning. Edition 7. 28 June 1994. (Latest Amendment, 28 June 1995.)

2112. Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Reconnaissance. Edition 4. 6 March 1998.

2475. Medical Planning Guide for the Estimation of NBC Battle Casualties (Nuclear)—AmedP-8(A), Volume I. December 2000.

2476. Medical Planning Guide of NBC Battle Casualties (Biological)—AmedP-8(A), Volume II. March 2001.

2477. Planning Guide for the Estimation of NBC Battle Casualties (Chemical)—AmedP-8(A), Volume III. March 2001.

2500. NATO Handbook on the Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations—AMedP-6(B). Edition 4. 11 February 1997.

2873. Concept of Operations of Medical Support in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Environments—AmedP-7(A). Edition 3. 16 October 1996.

2879. Principles of Medical Policy in the Management of a Mass Casualty Situation. Edition 3. 7 September 1998.

2941. Guidelines for Air and Ground Personnel Using Fixed and Transportable Collective Protection Facilities on Land. Edition 2. 19 June 1992. (Latest Amendment, 30 October 1995.)

2954. Training of Medical Personnel for NBC Operations. Edition 1. 28 December 1987. (Latest Amendment, 6 June 1995.)

ABCA QSTAGs

These agreements are available on request (using DD Form 1425) from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700 Robins Avenue, Building 4, Section D, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111-5094.

183. Emergency Warning Signals and Alarms for NBCD Hazards or Attacks (NBC and Air Attacks Only). Edition 3. 12 August 1991.

187. Reporting Nuclear Detonations Biological and Chemical Attacks and Predicting and Warning of Associated Hazards and Hazard Areas. Edition 5. 21 May 1998.

189. Friendly Nuclear Strike Warning. Edition 3. 12 August 1991.

501. Warning Signs for the Marking of Contaminated or Dangerous Land Areas, Complete Equipment, Supplies and Stores. Edition 2. 11 May 1982.

608. Interoperable Chemical Agent Detector Kits. Edition 3. 13 December 2000.

816. Medical Aspects of Mass Casualty Situations. Edition 1. August 1990.

1330. Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations. Draft.

2000. Guidelines on Entry and Exit Procedures for Using Collective Protection Facilities. 17 December 1996.

JOINT OR MULTISERVICE PUBLICATIONS

AR 40-535. Worldwide Aeromedical Evacuation. AFR 164-5; OPNAVINST 4630.9C; MCO P4630.9A. 1 December 1975. (Reprinted with basic including Change 1, 10 May 1979.)

AR 40-562. Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis. AFJI 48-110; BUMEDINST 6230.15; CG COMDTINST M6230.4E. 1 November 1995.

AR 40-656. Veterinary Surveillance Inspection of Subsistence. NAVSUPINST 4355.10; MCO 10110.45. 15 October 1986.

AR 40-657. Veterinary/Medical Food Inspection and Laboratory Service. NAVSUPINST 4355.4F; MCO P10110.31G. 6 November 1997.

FM 3-3. Chemical and Biological Contamination Avoidance. FMFM 11-17. 16 November 1992. (Change 1, 29 September 1994.)

FM 3-4. NBC Protection. FMFM 11-9. 29 May 1992. (Reprinted with basic including Changes 1-2, 21 February 1996.)

FM 3-5. NBC Decontamination. MCWP 3-37.3. 28 July 2000.

FM 3-6. Field Behavior of NBC Agents (Including Smoke and Incendiaries). AMF 105-7; FMFM 7-11 H. 3 November 1986.

FM 3-9. Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds. NAVFAC P-467, AFR 355-7. 12 December 1990.

FM 3-11.34. Multiservice Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Defense of Theater Fixed Sites, Ports, and Airfields. MCWP 3.37.5; NTTP 3-11.23; AFTTP(I) 3-2.33. 29 September 2000.

FM 3-19. Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Reconnaissance. FMFM 11-20. 19 November 1993.

FM 3-100. Chemical Operations, Principles and Fundamentals. MCWP 3-3.7.1. 8 May 1996.

FM 4-02.33. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th Edition. NAVMED P-5038. 31 December 1999.

FM 4-02.283. Treatment of Nuclear and Radiological Casualties. NTRP 4-02.21; AFMAN 44-161(I); MCRP 4-11.1B. 20 December 2001.

FM 6-22.5. Combat Stress. MCRP 6-11C; NTTP 1-15M. 23 June 2000.

FM 8-9. NATO Handbook on the Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations AMedP-6(B), Part I—Nuclear, Part II—Biological, Part III—Chemical. NAVMED P-5059; AFJMAN 44-151V1V2V3. 1 February 1996.

FM 8-284. Treatment of Biological Warfare Agent Casualties. NAVMED P-5042; AFMAN(I) 44-156; MCRP 4-11.1C. 17 July 2000. (Change 1, 8 July 2002.)

FM 8-285. Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries. NAVMED P-5041; AFJMAN 44-149; FMFM 11-11. 22 December 1995.

FM 21-10. Field Hygiene and Sanitation. MCRP 4-11.1D. 21 June 2000.

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

DOD 5100.52-M. Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures (NARP). September 1990.

DOD Directive 3150.8. DOD Response to Radiological Accidents. 13 June 1996.

DD Form 1380. US Field Medical Card. December 1991.

DD Form 1911. Material Courier Receipt. May 1982.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FORM

DA Form 4137. Evidence/Property Custody Document. 1 July 1976.

ARMY PUBLICATIONS

AR 40-5. Preventive Medicine. 15 October 1990.

AR 40-61. Medical Logistics Policies and Procedures. 25 January 1995.

AR 40-66. Medical Records Administration and Health Care Documentation. 3 May 1999.

AR 40-400. Patient Administration. 12 March 2001.

FM 3-06.11. Combined Arms Operations in Urban Terrain. 28 February 2002.

FM 3-7. NBC Field Handbook. 29 September 1994.

FM 3-50. Smoke Operations. 4 December 1990. (Change 1, 11 September 1996).

FM 3-101. Chemical Staffs and Units. 19 November 1993.

FM 3-101-4. Biological Detection Platoon Operations—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 9 June 1997. (Reprinted with basic including Changes 1-2, 1 September 2000.)

FM 4-02.1. Combat Health Logistics. 28 September 2001.

FM 4-02.4. Medical Platoon Leaders' Handbook—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 24 August 2001.

FM 4-02.6. The Medical Company—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 1 August 2002.

FM 4-02.10. Theater Hospitalization. 29 December 2000.

FM 4-02.17. Preventive Medicine Services. 28 August 2000.

FM 4-02.19. Dental Service Support in a Theater of Operations. 1 March 2001.

FM 4-25.12. Unit Field Sanitation Team. 25 January 2002.

FM 8-10. Health Service Support in a Theater of Operations. 1 March 1991.

FM 8-10-1. The Medical Company—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 29 December 1994.

FM 8-10-6. Medical Evacuation in a Theater of Operations—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 14 April 2000.

FM 8-10-8. Medical Intelligence in a Theater of Operations. 7 July 1989.

FM 8-10-9. Combat Health Logistics in a Theater of Operations—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 3 October 1995.

FM 8-10-14. Employment of the Combat Support Hospital—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 29 December 1994.

FM 8-10-15. Employment of the Field and General Hospitals—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 26 March 1997.

FM 8-10-18. Veterinary Service—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 22 August 1997.

FM 8-10-24. Area Support Medical Battalion—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 13 October 1993.

FM 8-10-25. Employment of Forward Surgical Teams—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 30 September 1997.

FM 8-10-26. Employment of the Medical Company (Air Ambulance). 16 February 1999. (Change 1, 20 May 2002.)

FM 8-30. Veterinary Food Inspection Specialist. 12 August 1986.

FM 8-42. Combat Health Support in Stability Operations and Support Operations. 27 October 1997.

FM 8-50. Prevention and Medical Management of Laser Injuries. 8 August 1990.

FM 8-51. Combat Stress Control in a Theater of Operations—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 29 September 1994.

FM 8-55. Planning for Health Service Support. 9 September 1994.

FM 8-250. Preventive Medicine Specialist. 27 January 1986. (Reprinted with basic including Change 1, 12 September 1986.)

FM 8-500. Hazardous Materials Injuries: A Manual for Pre-Hospital Care. Edition 4. 17 January 1997.

FM 10-52. Water Supply in Theaters of Operations. 11 July 1990.

FM 21-11. First Aid for Soldiers. 27 October 1988. (Reprinted with basic including Changes 1-2, 4 December 1991.)

FM 22-51. Leaders' Manual for Combat Stress Control. 29 September 1994.

FM 31-71. Northern Operations. 21 June 1971.

FM 90-3. Desert Operations. FMFM 7-27. 24 August 1993.

FM 90-5. Jungle Operations. 16 August 1982.

FM 90-10. Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT). 15 August 1979.

STP 8-91 W15-SM-TG. Soldier's Manual, Skill Levels 1/2/3/4/5 and Trainer's Guide, MOS 91W, Health Care Specialist. 10 October 2001.

TC 8-13. Deployable Medical Systems—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 7 December 1990.

TM 3-4240-288-12&P. Operator's and Unit Maintenance Manual including Repair Parts and Special Tool List for Collective Protection Equipment NBC, Simplified M20 (NSN 4240-01-166-2254). NAVFAC P-475. 20 August 1987. (Reprinted with basic including Changes 1-2, 3 May 1989.)

TM 10-5410-228-10. Operator's Manual for Chemical Biological Protective Shelter System. 31 August 2001.

TM 10-5410-283-14&P. Operator's Unit, Direct Support, and General Support Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools Lists) for Chemically Protected Deployable Medical System (CP DEPMEDS) (NSN 5410-01-479-9730) (5410-01-479-9727) and CP DEPMEDS Training Set (6910-01-479-2464). 30 November 2001.