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THE RIVERS OF GREAT BRITAIN

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THE
RIVERS OF GREAT BRITAIN

DESCRIPTIVE, HISTORICAL, PICTORIAL

RIVERS OF THE SOUTH AND WEST COASTS

Logo

CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED

LONDON, PARIS & MELBOURNE

1897

La Belle Sauvage

CONTENTS.

THE SOUTHERN CHALK STREAMS.—By WILLIAM SENIOR.	PAGE
General Characteristics—The CANTERBURY STOUR and its Branches: Ashford and Jack Cade—Horton and Lyminge—Canterbury—Fordwich and Izaak Walton—Isle of Thanet—Minster. The LESSER STOUR: “Bourne Ground”—Sandwich. The BREDE. The ROTHER: Bodiam—Isle of Oxney—Winchelsea—Seaford. The CUCKMERE: Alfriston and Lullington. THE OUSE: St. Leonard’s Forest—Fletching—Maresfield—Lewes. The ADUR: Bramber—Shoreham. The ARUN: Amberley—Arundel—Littlehampton. Hampshire Rivers—The ARLE: The Meon District—Wickham and the Bishop-Builder—Titchfield. The ITCHEN: A Curious Example of Instinct—Alresford Pond—Cheriton—Tichborne—The Winnal Reaches—Winchester and Izaak Walton—St. Cross—St. Catherine’s Hill—Southampton. The TEST: Romsey and its Abbey. The BEAULIEU: Beaulieu Abbey. The LYMINGTON and the MEDINA—The HAMPSHIRE AVON and the STOUR: Christchurch—Salisbury—Wimborne. The FROME: Dorchester—Mr. Hardy’s Country—Poole Harbour	1
RIVERS OF DEVON.—By W. W. HUTCHINGS.
General Characteristics—Sources of the Devon Streams: Exmoor and Dartmoor. The OTTER: Ottery Saint Mary and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Exmoor Streams:—The EXE: Its Source in The Chains—The Barle—The Batherm—Tiverton and Peter Blundell—Bickleigh Bridge and the “King of the Gipsies”—The Culm—Exeter—Countess Weir—Exmouth. The LYN: Oareford—The Doone Country—Malmsmead—Watersmeet—Lyndale—Lynton and Lynmouth. Dartmoor Streams:—The TEIGN: Wallabrook—Chagford—Fingle Bridge—Chudleigh—The Bovey—Newton Abbot—Teignmouth. The DART: Holne Chase—Buckfast Abbey—Dartington Hall—Totnes—The Lower Reaches—Dartmouth. The Tavy. The TAW: Oxenham and its Legend—Barnstaple—Lundy. The TORRIDGE: The Okement—Great Torrington—Bideford—Hubbastone. The Avon, Erme, and Yealm. The PLYM: Dewerstone—The Meavy and Plymouth Leat—Plympton St. Mary and Plympton Earl—The Three Towns	25
RIVERS OF CORNWALL.—By HUGH W. STRONG.
The Minor Streams of Cornwall—The TAMAR: Woolley Barrows—Morwellham and Weir Head—Morwell Rocks—Harewood—Calstock—Cotehele—Pentillie—Confluence with the Tavy—Saltash—The Hamoaze. The FOWEY: A Change of Name—St. Neot—Lostwithiel—Fowey. The FAL: Fenton Fal—Tregony—Truro—Tregothnan—Falmouth	54
THE PARRET AND THE LOWER AVON.—By HUGH W. STRONG.
The PARRET: Its Source—Muchelney Abbey—The Tone and Taunton—Athelney Island and Alfred the Great—Sedgemoor—Bridgwater—Burnham. The LOWER AVON: Escourt Park—Malmesbury—Chippenham—Melksham—Bradford-on-Avon—Bath—The Frome—Beau Nash—Bridges at Bath—The Abbey Church—Bristol—St. Mary Redcliffe and Chatterton—The Cathedral—“The Chasm”—Clifton Suspension Bridge—The Lower Reaches—Avonmouth	67
THE SEVERN.—By the REV. PROFESSOR BONNEY, D.Sc., F.R.S.
CHAPTER I.—FROM THE SOURCE TO TEWKESBURY.—Birthplace of the Severn—Plinlimmon—Blaenhafren—Llanidloes—Caersws—Newtown—Montgomery—Welshpool—Powys Castle—The Breidden Hills—The Vyrnwy. Distant Views—Shrewsbury—Haughmond Hill—The Caradoc Hills—Atcham—Wroxeter—Condover—The Wrekin—Benthall and Wenlock Edges—Buildwas Abbey—Coalbrook Dale—Ironbridge—Broseley and Benthall—Coalport—Bridgnorth—Quatford—Forest of Wyre—Bewdley—Stourport—Worcester—The Teme—Ludlow— Tewkesbury	82
CHAPTER II.—THE UPPER OR WARWICKSHIRE AVON.—The Watershed of Central England—Naseby—Rugby—The Swift—Lutterworth and Wiclif—Stoneleigh Abbey and Kenilworth Castle—Guy’s Cliff—The Leam—Warwick and its Castle—Stratford-on-Avon and its Shakespeare Associations—Evesham—Pershore—Tewkesbury	107
CHAPTER III.—FROM TEWKESBURY TO THE SEA.—Deerhurst—Gloucester—The “Bore”—May Hill—Minsterworth—Westbury-on-Severn—Newnham—Berkeley Castle—Lydney—Sharpness—The Severn Tunnel—The Estuary—A Vanished River	119
THE WYE.—By E. W. SABEL.
“The Notorious Hill of Plinlimmon”—The Stronghold of Owen Glendower—Llangurig—Rhayader Gwy—Llyn-Gwyn—The Elan, the Ithon, and the Yrfon—Llandrindod—Builth—Aberedw and the Last Prince of Wales—Hay—Clifford Castle and the Fair Rosamond—Hereford—The Lug—“The Wonder”—Ross and John Kyrle—Goodrich Castle—Coldwell Rocks—Symond’s Yat—Monmouth—The Monnow, the Dore, and the Llonddu—Wordsworth’s Great Ode—Tintern Abbey—The Wyndcliff—Chepstow—The Lower Reaches	124
THE USK.—By E. W. SABEL.
The Black Mountains—Trecastle—The Gaer—Brecon—The Brecknock Beacons—Crickhowell—Abergavenny—Usk—Caerleon and the Arthurian Legend—Christchurch—Newport	149

RIVERS OF SOUTH WALES.—By CHARLES EDWARDES.
Brecknock Beacons—The TAFF: Taff Fawr and Taff Fechan—Cardiff Reservoirs—Merthyr—The Dowlais Steel and Iron Works—The Rhondda—Pontypridd—Castell Coch—Llandaff and its Cathedral—Cardiff and its Castle. The NEATH: Ystradfellte—The Mellte and its Affluents—The Cwm Porth—Waterfalls and Cascades—The Sychnant—Pont Neath Vaughan—Neath and its Abbey—The Dulas and the Clydach. Swansea and its Docks—Morriston Castle—Swansea Castle—The Mumbles and Swansea Bay. The TAWE: Craig-y-Nos—Lly-Fan Fawr. The TOWY: Ystradffin—Llandovery—Llandilo—Dynevor Castle—Carmarthen and Richard Steele—Carmarthen Bar. The TAFF: Milford Haven—Carew Castle—Pembroke Castle—Monkton Priory—New Milford and Old Milford—Haverfordwest. The TEIFI: Strata Florida Abbey—Newcastle Emlyn—Cenarth—Cardigan. The YSTWITH: The Upper Waters—Aberystwith	159
RIVERS OF NORTH WALES.—By AARON WATSON.
CHAPTER I.—THE DOVEY, THE DYSYNNI, THE MAWDDACH.—Glories of a Wet Autumn in North Wales. The DOVEY: Source of the Stream—Dinas Mowddwy—Mallwyd—Machynlleth. The DYSYNNI: Tal-y-Llyn—The “Bird Rock”—Towyn. The MAWDDACH: The Estuary—The Wnion—Torrent Walk—Dolgelley—Precipice Walk—The Estuary—Barmouth—Harlech Castle—Portmadoc—Glaslyn—Tremadoc and Shelley—The Traeth Bach	193
CHAPTER II.—THE SEIONT, THE OGWEN, THE CONWAY.—The SEIONT: Llanberis Pass—Lakes Peris and Padarn—Dolbadarn Castle and Cennant Mawr—Carnarvon and its Castle. The OGWEN: Llyn Ogwen and Llyn Idwal—Bethesda—Penrhyn Castle. The LLUGWY: Capel Curig—Moel Siabod—Pont-y-Cyfing—Swallow Falls—The Miners’ Bridge—Bettws-y-Coed. The LLEDR: Dolwyddelen—Pont-y-Pant. The MACHNO and its Fall. The CONWAY: Fairy Glen—Llanrwst—Gwydir Castle—Llanbedr—Trefriw—Conway Marsh—Conway Castle and Town—Deganwy—Llandudno	205
CHAPTER III.—THE CLWYD AND THE DEE.—The CLWYD: Rhyl—Rhuddlan Castle—The Elwy—A Welsh Gretna Green—St. Asaph—Denbigh—Ruthin. The DEE: Bala Lake—Corwen—Vale of Llangollen and Valle Crucis Abbey—Dinas Bran—The Ceiriog—Chirk Castle and Wynnstay—The Alyn—Eaton Hall—Chester—Flint	223
THE MERSEY.—By W. S. CAMERON.
A Modern River—Derivations—The Tame, the Goyt, and the Etherow—Stockport—Northenden—The Irwell and its Feeders—Manchester and Salford—The Ship Canal—Bridges over the Irwell—Ordsall—Eccles—Barton—Warburton—Irlam—Warrington—Latchford—Runcorn and Widnes—The Weaver—Eastham Locks—Liverpool and its Growth—Its Docks and Quays—Birkenhead and its Shipbuilding Yards—New Brighton—Perch Rock Lighthouse	242
RIVERS OF LANCASHIRE AND LAKELAND.—By WILLIAM SENIOR.
A Birthplace of Rivers—The RIBBLE: Ribblehead—Horton-in-Ribblesdale—Survival of Old Traditions—Hellifield—The Hodder—Stonyhurst and its College—The Calder—Burnley—Towneley Hall—Preston—Its Development as a Port. The WYRE: Poulton-le-Fylde. The LUNE: Kirkby Lonsdale—The Greta and the Wenning—Hornby Castle—Lancaster—Morecambe Bay—The Journey from Lancaster to Ulverston in Coaching Days—Shifting Sands. The KENT: Kentmere—Kendal. The Gilpin and the Winster. The ROTHAY and the BRATHAY. Grasmere and Wordsworth—Rydal Water—Ambleside—Windermere. Troutbeck. Esthwaite Water. The LEVEN: Newby Bridge—The Estuary. The CRAKE: Coniston Water—Coniston Hall—Brantwood and Mr. Ruskin. The DUDDON: Wordsworth’s Sonnets. The ESK and the IRT: Wastwater. The LIZA: Ennerdale Water. The EHEN: Egremont Castle. The DERWENT: The Vale of St. John’s—The Greta and Keswick—The View from Castlerigg top—Derwentwater	271
RIVERS OF THE SOLWAY FIRTH.—By FRANCIS WATT.
The Firth—A Swift Tide. The EDEN: The Eamont—Eden Hall—Armathwaite—John Skelton—Wetheral and Corby Castle—The Caldew and the Petteril—Greystoke Castle—Carlisle, its Romance and History—Serva Pactum—“Kinmont Willie” and the “bauld Buccleuch”—Executions of Jacobites—The Carlisle of To-day—The Sark—Gretna Green. The LIDDEL—Hermitage Water and Castle. The ESK: The Tarras—Gilnockie Tower—Carlenrig and Johnnie Armstrong—Young Lochinvar—Kirtle Water and its Tragic Story. The ANNAN: The Land of the Bruces—Thomas Carlyle. The NITH: Dumfries—Burns’s Grave—Robert Bruce and the Red Cumyn—Drumlanrig and Caerlaverock Castles—The Cairn and its Associations—The New Abbey Pow and Sweetheart Abbey. The DEE: Douglas Tongueland—Threave Castle. The CREE: Newton Stewart—The “Cruives of Cree.” The BLADENOCH: The Wigtown Martyrs	301
RIVERS OF AYRSHIRE.—By JOHN GEDDIE.
Poetic Associations—Headstreams of the Ayrshire Rivers—“The Land of Burns”—The Ayr and the Doon—Sorn—Catrine—Ballochmyle— Mossgiel—Mauchline—Barskimming—Coilsfield House and the Fail Water—The Coyl—Auchencruive—Craigie—Ayr—The Doon	328
THE CLYDE.—By JOHN GEDDIE.
Clydesdale and its Waters—“The Hill of Fire”—Douglasdale—“Castle Dangerous”—Bonnington Linn—Corra Linn and “Wallace’s Tower”—Lanark—The Mouse Water—Stonebyres Linn—The Nethan and “Tillietudlem”—“The Orchard of Scotland”—Hamilton and its Palace—Cadzow Castle and its Associations—Bothwell Brig and Castle—Blantyre—Cambuslang—Rutherglen—Glasgow—The City and its History—The Quays, Docks, and Shipbuilding Yards—The Work of the Clyde Navigation Trust—Govan and Partick—The White Cart—Dumbarton Rock and Castle—The Leven Valley—Ben and Loch Lomond—Greenock—Gourock—The Firth at Eventide	342

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS.

CADER IDRIS, FROM THE DOLGELLEY ROAD		Frontispiece.
THE SOUTHERN CHALK STREAMS:—		PAGES
Distant View of Canterbury—Rivers of Kent and Sussex (Map)—Arundel Castle—Sandwich: The Old Bridge and Barbican—General View of Winchester—St. Catherine’s Hill—Winchester Cathedral—Southampton Docks—The Royal Pier, Southampton—Southampton from the Water—Romsey Abbey—Christchurch Abbey—Rivers of Hants and Dorset (Map)—A New Forest Stream—The Avon at Amesbury—Salisbury Cathedral—The Frome at Frampton Court—Dorchester from the Frome—Poole Harbour—Wimborne Minster		1–24
RIVERS OF DEVON:—
Bideford Bridge—Rivers of Devon (Map)—The Wear Water—Exeter—Exmouth, from the Beacon—Watersmeet—Lynmouth and Lynton—“Clam” Bridge over the Wallabrook—Fingle Bridge—Teignmouth—New Bridge—Buckfastleigh—Staverton—The Island, Totnes—Totnes—Dittisham—Mouth of the Dart—Barnstaple, from the South Walk—The Torridge near Torrington—The Plym from Cadaford Bridge—In Bickleigh Vale—Plympton Earl—The Hoe, Plymouth		25–53
RIVERS OF CORNWALL:—
Danescombe—Rivers of Cornwall (Map)—Tavistock New Bridge—Morwell Rocks—Cargreen—The Hamoaze, from Saltash—The Fal from Tolverne—Falmouth Harbour—Falmouth, from Flushing		54–66
THE PARRET AND THE LOWER AVON:—
The Isle of Athelney—The Parret and the Lower Avon (Map)—Taunton Church—Malmesbury Abbey—The Avon near Tetbury—Bradford-on-Avon Church, from the North-East—The Avon at Bath—View from North Parade Bridge, Bath—View from the old City Bridge, Bath—Bristol, from the Site of the old Drawbridge across the Harbour—Clifton Suspension Bridge		67–81
THE SEVERN:—
CHAPTER I.—FROM THE SOURCE TO TEWKESBURY.—Source of the Severn, Plinlimmon—The Severn, from the Source to Tewkesbury (Map)—Valley of the Severn, from Plinlimmon—The First House on the Severn, Blaenhafren—Moel-y-Golfa and Breidden, from Welshpool—The Vyrnwy Embankment, before the flooding of the Valley—A Quiet Nook on the Vyrnwy—The Boat-house Ferry, between Welsh and English Bridges—Shrewsbury Castle—Quarry Walk, Shrewsbury—English Bridge, Shrewsbury—Buildwas Abbey—The Severn from Benthall Edge—Ironbridge—The Severn in Wyre Forest—Near Shrawley—Old Houses at Bewdley—Worcester Cathedral, from the Severn—Ludlow—The Severn at Tewkesbury		82–106
CHAPTER II.—THE UPPER OR WARWICKSHIRE AVON.—The Avon near Rugby—The Warwickshire Avon (Map)—Warwick Castle—The Avon from Warwick Castle—Stratford-on-Avon Church—Shakespeare’s House—The Avon at Stratford—Evesham—The Avon at Tewkesbury		107–118
CHAPTER III.—FROM TEWKESBURY TO THE SEA.—Distant View of Tewkesbury—The Severn, from Tewkesbury to the Sea (Map)—Gloucester—The Severn Bridge, Sharpness		119–123
THE WYE:—
A Bend of the Wye—Views in the Lower Elan Valley—The Wye and the Usk (Map)—Pont-Hyll-Fan, in the Elan Valley—The Shaky Bridge, Llandrindod—The Wye Bridge and Hereford Cathedral—Goodrich Castle—Ross Church—Symond’s Yat and the Ferry—Monmouth—The Monnow Bridge and Gate-house, Monmouth—Tintern Abbey, from the Wye—The Nave, Tintern Abbey—Gateway at Chepstow—Chepstow Castle—View from the Wyndcliff—Old Monastery on the Wye		124–148
THE USK:—
Near the Source of the Usk, Talsarn-side—The Usk at Brecknock—Bit of the Roman Wall at Caerleon—Usk—Caerleon—Newport: The Bridge and Castle		149–158

RIVERS OF SOUTH WALES:—
The Brecknock Beacons, from the Taff—Llandaff Cathedral: The West Front; The Nave and Choir; The West and North Doors—Rivers of South Wales (Map)—The Bishop’s Gateway, Llandaff—Cardiff Castle—St. Mary Street, Cardiff—The Drawing Room, Cardiff Castle—In the Vale of Neath—Neath Abbey—Outskirts of Neath—North Dock, Swansea—Morriston—The Mumbles—Carew Castle—Carmarthen Quay—Pembroke Castle and Monkton Priory—The Royal Dockyard, Pembroke Dock—Haverfordwest—Milford Haven—The Teifi at Kilgerran—Aberystwith		159–192
RIVERS OF NORTH WALES:—
CHAPTER I.—THE DOVEY, THE DYSYNNI, THE MAWDDACH.—Dolgelley—Rivers of North Wales (Map)—Torrent Walk, Dolgelley—The Lower Bridge, Torrent Walk—Between Dolgelley and Barmouth—Barmouth Bridge and Cader Idris—Snowdon, from Crib-Goch—The Estuary, Barmouth		193–204
CHAPTER II.—THE SEIONT, THE OGWEN, THE CONWAY.—Pass of Llanberis—Carnarvon Castle—The Swallow Falls —Miners’ Bridge, Bettws-y-Coed—Moel Siabod, from the Llugwy—Pont-y-Pair—On the Lledr—Another View in the Lledr Valley—Fairy Glen, Bettws-y-Coed—On the Conway—The Conway, from Conway Castle—Conway Castle—The Bridge, from Conway Castle		205–222
CHAPTER III.—THE CLWYD AND THE DEE.—View from Rhuddlan Castle—Rhuddlan Castle—St. Asaph—Denbigh—Bala Lake—Valle Crucis Abbey—Llangollen—Eaton Hall—The Roodee, Chester—The Dee at Chester, from the Walls—Chester Cathedral, from the South-West—Swing Bridge over the Dee near Hawarden—The Sands of Dee		223–241
THE MERSEY:—
The Mersey at Stockport—The Mersey (Map)—Northenden—On the Irwell—Pendleton, from the Crescent—Manchester, from the Grammar School, showing the Cathedral, the Exchange, the Town Hall, etc.—Victoria and Blackfriars Bridges—Steamer passing through Trafford Road Swing Bridge—The Old and the Swing Aqueducts, Barton—The Irwell at Ordsall, with Worrall’s Works—Runcorn Bridge—The Locks at Eastham—St. George’s Landing-Stage, Liverpool—Swing Bridge over the Entrance to Stanley Dock, Liverpool—Liverpool, from Birkenhead—St. George’s Hall and Lime Street, Liverpool—The Perch Rock Lighthouse		242–270
RIVERS OF LANCASHIRE AND LAKELAND:—
Stainforth Bridge—Towneley Hall, Burnley—Rivers of Lancashire and Lakeland (Map)—Preston, from the West—Lancaster—Windermere—Rydal Water—Grasmere—Newby Bridge—Another Bit of the Leven—The Liza flowing into Ennerdale Water—The Liza at Gillerthwaite—Coniston Water—Ennerdale—The Greta between Threlkeld and Keswick—The Derwent, with Keswick in the Distance—The Derwent at Crosthwaite—Derwentwater and Skiddaw—Derwentwater from Scafell—The Cocker flowing from Crummock Lake—The Cocker at Kirkgate		271–300
RIVERS OF THE SOLWAY FIRTH:—
The Annan, near Annan Town—The Eden, the Petteril, and the Caldew (Map)—Eden Hall—The Weir at Armathwaite—Wetheral Bridge—View from Brackenbank looking towards Cotehill—Cotehill Island—View from the Long Walk, Corby Castle—Rock Stairway to the Boathouse, Corby Castle—Greystoke Castle—Carlisle, looking East—Carlisle, looking West—Rivers flowing South into Solway Firth (Map)—The Esk, near Gilnockie—High Street, Dumfries—Lincluden Abbey—Drumlanrig Castle—Caerlaverock Castle—The Dee at Douglas Tongueland—The Cree at Newton Stewart		301–327
RIVERS OF AYRSHIRE:—
The Ayr above Muirkirk—Sorn—Rivers of Ayrshire (Map)—Ballochmyle—The Ayr at Barskimming—Auchencruive—The Twa Brigs of Ayr—The Dam at Ayr—The Doon: The New and the Auld Brig—Ayrmouth		328–341
THE CLYDE:—
One of the Sources of the Clyde—The Clyde (Map)—Douglas Castle—Bonnington Linn—Corra Linn—Roman Bridge near Lanark—Stonebyres Linn—Bothwell Castle—Glasgow University—The Broomielaw Landing-Stage—The Clyde at Glasgow—Partick—Paisley—Dumbarton Rock—Loch Lomond—Greenock—Gourock		342–369

RIVERS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Rivers of Great Britain, Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial: Rivers of the South and West Coasts

RIVERS OF THE SOUTH AND WEST COASTS

CONTENTS.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS.