PICTURE-WRITING. Cuneiform and, 66. See Writing
PIR-Æ'US. Port of Athens, 328
PIS'CES, SIGN OF. Eabani and, 183
PLACE, VICTOR. Botta's work at Khorsabad, continued by, 340
PLANET-S. Identified with gods, 235
PLUTARCH. Isis (Astarte) and, 328
PLU'TO. Reference to, 133
POETRY. Assyrian, 321, 322
POLGARTH. Phœnician word 'city' and, 331
POL-Y-HIS'TOR, ALEXANDER. God Ea and, 112, 113
POLYTHEISM. Semitic, 313
Pop'ol Vuh. Reference to, 97, 151
POS-EI'DON. Greek god, 315
PRAYER-S. To the sun-god, etc., 67, 68
PRIEST-S. Akkadian tongue preserved by Babylonian, 14;
those of Lagash became kings, 16;
high, of Asshur, took title of king, 21, 208;
sole mythographers, 191;
-hood, cult and temples, 239-241;
wizards and, 260;
-magician; the chamber of the, 270-275;
liver-reading by, 282;
of Thebes, Memphis, and On, 314;
of Nippur and Erech, 314
PRIESTESSES. In Babylonia, 240, 241
PRIEST-HOOD. See Priests
PRISONER-GODS. Assyrian rulers and, 225, 226
PRO-ME'THE-US. Lugalbanda and, 93;
Zu and, 195
PSALMS, BOOK OF THE. National, not individual, 320;
Poetical form of, 322
PU'NIC. Religion, 330
PURIFICATION, 270;
by water, in connexion with Babylonian magic, 270
PÛRIM. Feast of, 140, 141


Q

QAL'AT SHER'QAT. Annals of Tiglath-pileser I discovered by Rawlinson, 346;
Dr Andrae's excavations at, 356


R

RA. Worship of, in Egypt, 223
RAB'BAT UM'MA. 'The Great Mother,' 330
RAB-I'SU. A lurking demon, 276, 277
RACES. Asia Minor peopled with diverse, 324
RACHEL. The stolen images and, 266-268
RACH'MET. Reference to, 61
RAM'MAN, 175; equivalent, Rimmon;
identified with Hadad or Adad, 187-189;
the Tablets of Destiny and, 195;
popularity and functions, 217-222;
weapons of, 218;
worship of, in days of Khammurabi and Nebuchadrezzar I, 219;
Assur-nazir-pal and, 219;
Attributes and signification, 218-222;
eleventh month sacred to, 237
RAM'MAN-NIR-A'RI I. The Annunaki and Igigi and, 90
RAM'MAN-NI-RA'RI III. Nabu exalted at expense of Asshur by, 228
RASH'NU. Mithra and, 337
RASS'AM, MR HOR'MUZD. Assur-bani-pal's library at Nineveh and, 35;
his archæological researches at Nineveh and at Abu-habba, 47;
stone tablet found at Sippard by, 292;
researches at Nimrûd, 342, 344. 346, 354. 355
RAWLINSON, MAJOR (SIR) HENRY. Cuneiform writing and, 64-66;
his discovery re Nebuchadrezzar, 104;
Layard and, 342, 344, 345, 346
RED INDIANS. Titles of months and, 236
REINACH. Reference to, 334
RELIGION-S. Akkadian tongue used as a sacred language by Babylonian priesthood, 14;
early Babylonian, 88-153;
Jewish, 88;
of ancient Mexico, 88;
Vedic, of India, 88;
Semitic influence on Babylonian, 91, 92;
official system of Babylonian and Assyrian, 92;
Semitic, Euphrates-Tigris influence on, 92;
totemism in Babylonian, 92;
system of, in Babylonia, overshadowed by Merodach, 199;
Jastrow's Religion in Babylonia and Assyria quoted, 199, 212;
star-worship, the origin of, 237;
of the Semites quoted, 91, 241, 332;
cult of the gods, 292;
comparative value of the, of Babylonia and Assyria, 313-336 and on;
Teutonic and Celtic, comparisons, 316;
Babylonian, typically animistic, 317, 318;
worship of great earth-mother, 318, 319;
Jewish, 319-329;
Canaanite, 324-326;
Carthaginian, 329;
Semitic, 329, 331;
Punic, 330;
Mohammedanism, 313, 332;
of the Persians (Zoroaster), 332-337;
of Babylonians, 338;
decay of Babylonian, 378, 379
RESH'EPH. Known to the Canaanites, 326;
the lightning god; origin; identified with Apollo, 328
RHO-DA'NES. Romance of Sinonis and, 56-60
RIM'AT-BEL'IT. Mother of Gilgamesh, 158;
interprets Gilgamesh's dream, 164
RIM'MON. See Rammon
RITUAL. Lamentation at Nippur, 199, 200;
of hepatoscopy, 283-288;
Zoroastrian fire worship central feature of, 335


S

SABBATIC GOAT. Witchcraft of Middle Ages and the, 293
SAB-I'TU. The sea-goddess; Gilgamesh and, 172;
sign Capricornus and, 183
SAC'A. One of the two eunuchs appointed to watch Rhodanes and Sinonis, 57
SAC-Æ'A. The Asiatic equivalent of the Saturnalia, 33;
Festival of Zakmuk, or, 141
SACRIFICE-S. Babylonian, 241, 242
SADI-RAB'U-MA-TA'TI. The great mountain of the earth, 305
SAG'GAL. Temple of Merodach, 305
SAK'ON. Carthaginian deity, 330
SAM-AS-SUM-YU'KIN. Viceroy of Babylonia, 34;
raises revolt in Assyrian empire, 34;
his death, 34
SAM'KHAT. Goddess of joy, 131
SAM-MUR'A-MUT. Assyrian title of Semiramis. See Semiramis
SAM'SI-A'DAD IV. Rawlinson discovers stele of, 346
SAM'SI-RAM'MON. Son of Shalmaneser II;
succeeds his father as King of Assyria, 24;
Sammuramat favourite of, 24;
Asshur mentioned in inscription of, 208
SANCH-UN-I-A'THON. Philo and, preserved in works of Eusebius, 329
SAOSHYANT. The saviour, in Zoroaster's religion, 337
SAR-AG-AG'AM. Variants of Merodach, 202
SAR-A'KOS. Greek equivalent for Sin-sarkin, 36
SAR-DA-NA-PAL'US THE SPLENDID. Assur-bani-pal known to Greek legend as, 31;
King of Assyria, 31;
reference to, in The Golden Bough, 32;
Sir James Frazer on, 32, 34;
prominent features in legends of, 33;
weaving of legend of, 34
SAR'GON.
I. Of Akkad, founds first great Semitic empire in Babylonia, 16;
a Babylonian Arthur, 16, 21;
the legend of his birth, 16, 17;
invasions of Syria and Palestine, 17;
Elam and N. Mesopotamia overcome by, 17;
Naram-Sin son of, 17, 19;
letters franked by clay seals bearing name of Sargon, 18;
first founder of Babylonian library, 18;
bricks discovered with name of, on, 47;
Asshur's conquering power and, 210, 211;
King Azuri and, 210;
Ahimiti and, 210;
Yaran and, 210;
Sin and, 223;
Bel and, 227;
Nabu termed 'that Seer who guides the gods,' 228;
'Builder of the Temple of En-lil,' 247;
hepatoscopy and, 283;
palace built by, unearthed at Nineveh, 340;
George Smith finds fragments of history of, 352.
II. Usurping general, claimed descent from Sargon the Great, 30;
father of Sennacherib, 30
SAR'RA-PAN-U. Tiglath-pileser II captures, 299
SASS-AN'I-AN. Rulers, 333
SAT'URN. Identified with Ninib, 235
SAUL-MU-GI'NA. Rebellious brother of Assur-bani-pal, 304
SCHRADER. Assyrian poetry and, 321, 322
SCIENCE. Star-worship the origin of, 237;
the roots of, 259
SCILLY ISLANDS. Phœnicians in, 331
SCOR'PIO, SIGN OF. Gilgamesh and, 182
SCOTLAND. Goat-demon adored in, 293
SCULPTURE-S. Discovery of, glorifying Assur-nazir-pal, 343;
Babylonian, discovered by de Sarzec, 355
SCYTHIAN-S. Penetrate into Assyria, 36
SED'U. A guardian (sometimes an evil) spirit invoked with the Lamassu, 277
SEL-EU'CI-A. City, built out of ruins of Babylon, 42
SEM-IR'A-MIS THE GREAT. Assyrian Queen, 24-29;
legendary origin, 25;
wife of Onnes, and later of Ninus, 26;
Ninyas son of, 26;
engages in battle Strabrobates, King of India, 27;
fame of, 28, 29;
Sammuramat, her Assyrian title, 29;
wife of Samsi-Rammon, 29;
mythical connexion with Ishtar, 29;
worshipped by the Syrians, 27;
esteemed as the daughter of Dercatus, 27;
district round Lake Van called after, Shamiramagerd, 28
SEMITES. Germs of culture received from Akkadians by Babylonian, 13;
their love of wisdom, 14, 15;
Babylon entered by, 15, 16;
believed to have come from Arabia, 15, 16;
made by the code of Khammurabi, 21;
ancient, and gods, 89;
serpent loathed by, 289;
animistic influences; appeal of, to, 318
SEMITIC. Empire, first great, founded in Babylonia by Sargon of Akkad, 16;
religious thought, 235;
worship and, lamentations, 253;
polytheism, 313;
conservatism, 316;
cults; Babylonian influence upon, 324;
religion, 329, 331;
peoples; a 'peculiar people,' 332;
faith, includes various manifestations, 332
SEN-NACH'E-RIB. Son of usurping general Sargon, 30;
campaign of, against Hezekiah, 30;
Nineveh built by, 30;
Esar-haddon son of, 31;
takes nucleus of Assur-bani-pal's library from Calah, 154;
soothsayers and his death, 260;
Layard's discoveries in palace of, 345
SERPENT. The ancients and the, 289;
equivalent, Aibu ('the enemy'), 289
SET. Osiris and, reference to, 133
SET-A'PO. A wealthy Babylonian who harbours Sinonis, 59
'SEVEN SPHERES, THE STAGES OF.' A building, the wonder of Borsippa, 104
SEVEN TABLETS. Of creation; primary object of, 71
SHAD'RACH. One of Daniel's companions, 38
SHAL-MA-NE'SER I. King of Assyria, 22, 308;
Tukulti-in-Aristi, son of, 22;
Nusku and, 224;
inscription of, unearthed by George Smith, 351
SHAL-MA-NE'SER II. King of Assyria in succession to Assur-nazir-pal III, 24;
Overthrows Ahab, King of Israel, 24;
Samsi-Rammon son of, 24;
the god Dáda and, 189;
Merodach (Bel) and, 225, 227;
discovery of obelisk of, 343;
dedications of, unearthed, 351
SHAL-MA-NE'SER IV. Successor of Tiglath-pileser III, 30
SHAM'ASH.
1. Temple of, at Sippar, restored by Nabonidus, 41;
adored at Sippar, 94;
the sun-god, 109-111;
son of Sin, 109;
Aa, consort of, 110;
Ishtar and, 130;
Gilgamesh and, 156, 165;
Khammurabi and, 187;
Zu captured by, 195;
Merodach and, 200;
cult of, in Assyria, 222, 223;
seventh month sacred to, 236;
a Canaanitish god, 325;
Nabonidus and, 377.
2. The great idol of, 249
SHAR'RU-ILU. One of the lesser Babylonian gods, 229
SHATT-EN-NÎL. Excavations along bank of, by Haynes, 365
SHE'BA, QUEEN OF. Tiglath-pileser II quarrels with, 301
SHEPHERD. The sun the, of the stars, 236;
En-lil, of the dark-headed people, 254
SHEPHERD KING, THE. Daon, of Pantibiblon, 112
SHI'NAR, PLAIN OF. Babylon built on, 52
SHUL-GUR. Variant of Nin-Girsu, 144
SHU-RIPP'AK.
1. Son of Ubara-Tutu, 173.
2. City of, 177, 178
SHU'TU. Variant of South Wind, 117
SI'BI. The god, 108
SICILY. Worship of Ashtart (Ishtar) at, 327
SID'DA. The temple, 306
SI'DON. Tyre and, in touch with Assyria, 327;
Ashtart or Ishtar, temple of, in, 327;
Eshmun worshipped at, 328
SIGN-S. Gemini, Leo, Virgo, Taurus, Scorpio, 182;
Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces, 183
SILENCE, TOWERS OF. Parsis' dead and the, 336
SIN (perhaps pron. Siñ). The moon-god, 94, 223, 224;
Ruled at Ur, 94;
Shamash son of, 109;
Ishtar daughter of, 128;
Gilgamesh delivered by, 170;
Gilgamesh resorts to, 180;
eclipses and god, 256;
a Canaanitish god, 325
SIN-A-IT'IC PENINSULA. Semitic religion in, 331
SI-NO'NIS. Romance of Garmus and, 56-60
SIN-SAR-IS'KIN. Last King of Assyria, 36;
the Sarakos of the Greeks, 36
SIN-SHAR-ISH'KUN. The last representative of the Assyrian dynasty, 364
SIP'PAR. Shamash worshipped at, 109;
Aa worshipped at, 110;
Abu-Habbah, the ancient site of, 177;
Berossus substitutes, for Shurippak, 178;
Khammurabi's improvements at, 187;
Shamash's temple at, 249
SIP'PA-RA. Temple of sun-god, Mr Rassam discovers, 47, 292
SIS-U'THRUS. The Flood Myth and, 45
SI'WAN. Month sacred to Sin, 236
SMITH, GEORGE. Reference to archæological labours, 46, 155, 347-354;
discovery of, re Bel, 101;
discovery of, re Tiglath-pileser II, 299;
Babylonian and Assyrian poetry and, 322
SMYR'NA. Mother of Adonis, reference to, 127
SOUL. Supposed to reside in the liver, 281
SPAIN. Mohammedanism in, 332
SPEAKING HEAD, THE. Laban and, 267
SPIRIT-S. Assyrian, 277, 278
SOKK-A'ROS. First king to reign in Babylonia after the deluge, 157;
Ælian the grandson of, 157
SOOTHSAYERS. Sennacherib and, 260
SOR-ACCH'US. Magistrate, who sends Sinonis to Babylon, 58
SORCERERS. Chaldean, and the magic circle, 275, 276
SRA-O'SHA. Soul carried by, to the beyond, 336, 337
STAR-S. Formed by Belus, 115;
Babylonian worship of, 231-238;
ideograph the same for 'god' and, 234;
the sun the shepherd of the, 236;
Anu the Pole, 236;
Bel the Pole (equator), 236;
Ea and star in constellation Argo, 236;
-gazers of Chaldea, 258
ST IL'YA. Tammuz compared with, 127
STONE. The Moabite, 190;
examined by Professors Socin and Smend, 190
STRA-BRO-BA'TES. King of India;
Semiramis makes war on, 26, 27
'SU-ME'RI-AN.' Modern equivalent for the old expression 'Akkadian,' 15
SUN. Merodach's ideograph is the, 202;
known as the 'Way of Anu,' 234;
the 'Bull of Light,' 290
SUN-GOD. See Gods.
SUPERSTITION-S. In Chaldea, 280, 281
SU'SA. Monument of Naram-Sin unearthed by de Morgan at, 17;
copy of Khammurabi's code found at, by J. de Morgan, 21
SUS'I-AN. Language; alternative, Median, 65
SUS'IN-AY. Idol of, 304
SYRIA. Palestine and, invaded by Sargon, 17;
worship of Hadad in, 188;
the Canaanites first dwellers in, 324
SYSTEM-S. Official, of religion in Babylonia and Assyria, 92;
of religion in Babylonia, 199;
religious, of ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Yucatan;
reference to, 204;
Hellenic and Roman, 235;
religions—Judaism, Christianity, Mohammedanism, 313;
of religious races in Asia Minor, 324;
Zarathustra's moral, 334


T

'TABLET HILL.' Haynes' discoveries at, 360;
the temple library in, 363;
King Nabonidos' (Nabonidus) vase found at, 364
TABLETS. Twelve, of the Gilgamesh epic, 155, 158, 159;
detailed examination of, 161-180;