41;
temple of, 47, 374;
Nimrod identified with, 50;
prayer and god, 68;
Tiawath and, 76-82;
creates man, 81;
the central figure of a popular myth, 84;
god Ea displaced by, 86, 199;
may have been a bull-god, 93;
worshipped at Babylon, 94;
Asshur identified with, 94;
Nebuchadrezzar and, 104;
Diabarra and, 106;
the name Mordecai a form of, 142;
great festival of, the Zakmuk, 141;
worship of, first prominent in days of Khammurabi, 184-198;
association with Nebo, 184-186;
the Chamber of Fates in temple of, 185;
Zarpanitum, wife of, 186, 202;
supremacy of, 192;
variant Marduk, 194, 200;
Shamash and, 200;
variants, Amaruduk, Asari, Saragagam, and Mer-agaga, 202;
attendant hounds of, 202;
usurped place of Bel, 227;
Bel paired with, 228;
Jupiter, identified with, 235;
eighth month ruled over by, 237;
month Marcheshuan belonged to, 251;
eclipses and, 256;
demons and the name of, 263;
four dogs of, 291;
head of the Babylonian Pantheon, 377;
Nabonidus, 377
MER'O-DACH-BAL-A-DAN I. Houses found dating from period of, 376
MESH'A. The Moabite king; Chemosh, god of, 190
MESH'ACH. One of Daniel's companions, 38
MES-O-POT-A'MI-A. Elam and Northern —, overcome by Sargon, 17;
Semitic religion in, 331;
excavations in, 339, ff.;
George Smith dispatched to, 351;
recent research in, 366-376
MEXICO. Reference to religious system of ancient, 204;
reference to temples, on, 243
MIC'AH. Reference to his teraphim, 268
MIDDLE AGES. The Sabbatic goat of the witchcraft of the, 293
MI-LI-SHIK'HU. Babylonian monarch; Shamash and, 187
Misch'nah. Commentary on the, 232
MITANI. Provinces of, conquered by Shalmaneser I, 308
MITH'RA. Rashnu and, 337
MIT-RA-PHER'NES. Artaios' eunuch, 149
MOFFLAINES. Wood of, 293
MOHAMMEDANISM. Initiated by the Semitic race, 313, 332
MOLOCH. Magic and, 258;
worship of, in Phœnicia, 328;
worship of, in Carthage, as Baal-ammon, 330;
children sacrificed to, 331
MOMMU TI-A-WATH. The primeval ocean, 71. See Moumis
MONSTER-S. Mythological animals and, of Chaldea, 289-298;
the dog, 290, 291;
invasion of the, 294-296;
Patechus, 330
MONTH-S. Titles of, by Babylonians, 236-238
MOON. Babylonian religion and, 236;
city; Ur, the, 249, 250;
Abram, probably a moon-worshipper, 249;
eclipses and the, 256
MOON-DEITIES. Osiris, 138;
Aphrodite, 138;
Proserpine, 138;
Phœnician Ashtoreth, 138;
Nannar, moon-god of Ur, 145-149;
Sin, 94, 109, 128, 170, 223, 224, 250;
Tanit, 330
MOR'DE-CA-I. The Book of Esther and, 141;
a form of Marduk or Merodach, 142
MOSÛL. M. Botta French Consul at, 339;
Layard's researches at, 340-344
MOTHER-EARTH. Of primitive mythologies, 197
MOTHER-GODDESS. Theory, 318, 319;
compounded of various types, 326
'MOTHER OF THE GREAT GODS,' Belit alluded to as, 228
MOU'MIS or MUM'MU. Son of Tiawath and Apsu, 73;
name at one time given to Tiawath, 73
MOUNTAIN. Of the Sunset, Gilgamesh journeys to, 158, 159, 171;
of the Sunrise, 253;
of the Earth, 305;
of the Wind, 362;
of the World, 362
MUL-LIL. The 'gazelle god' of Nippur, 292
MU-RASH'U AND SONS. Bankers and brokers at Nippur, 366
MU'RO. Worship of Ramman originated at, 220
MEYER, JOSEPH A. An American architect who assisted Haynes at Nippur, 365
MYRRH. Used at the Adonia festival, 136;
-tree and Adonis, 137
MYTH-S. Of Sardanapalus, reference to, 32;
analogies with Flood-, 45;
North American Indian, reference to, 46, 122;
Algonquin, reference to, 46;
Babylonian, of creation, 70-87;
confusing, connected with Ea, 112;
of deluge, 111, 173-178;
of Merodach and Tiawath, reference to, 78, 114, 199;
Mexican, reference to, 115;
Greek, reference to, 122, 315;
of Tammuz, 126-129;
Tammuz and Ishtar, groundwork of those of Greece and Rome, 131;
of Adonis, 131-133;
Egyptian, re quest of Isis, 133;
Tammuz-Ishtar, 135;
various strata underlying the Gilgamesh, 159, 160;
of the slaughter of Tiawath, 201;
of Persephone and of Osiris, 201;
a toothache-, 262, 263;
Phœnician, little known re, 328;
Indo-Germanic, reminiscences in Zarathustra's religion, 334;
character of Babylonian, compared with that of Hellenic and Scandinavian, 338


N

NA-BO-NI'DES. Archæology fashionable in time of, 363
NABONIDOS. See Nabonidus, 364
NA-BO-NI'DUS. The last of the Babylonian kings, 40, 110, 283;
displaced by Cyrus, 41;
cults of Merodach, Nabu, and Shamash, and, 377
NAB'O-POL-AS'SER. Reference to inscriptions of, 368;
father of Nebuchadrezzar, 369, 370;
Euphrates bridge, work of, 375;
god Merodach and, 377
NAB'U, 175;
Nusku and, connected, 225;
Merodach and, paired, 228;
Bel paired with, 228;
Ramman-Nirari and, 228;
called by Sargon 'the Seer who guides the gods,' 228;
Mercury and, 235;
tenth month sacred to, 237;
tower of, 375;
Nebuchadrezzar and, 377;
Nabonidus and, 377
NAB'U-BALIDDIN. Shamash's temple restored by, 249
NABU-QUA'TI-ZA'BAT. Assur-bani-pal and, 304
NAB'U-USA'BI, King. Crucified by Tiglath-pileser II, 300
NA-BÛ-ZÈR-LÎ-SHIR. Scribe, 363
NAM'TAR. The plague-demon, 129
NANÂ. Merged in conception of Ishtar, 124;
Assur-bani-pal and, 304
NAN'NAR. The moon-god of Ur, 145-149
NANN'AR-OS. Satrap of Babylon, 146-149
NANN'A-RU. The new moon, established by Merodach, 79
NA'RAM-SIN. Son of Sargon; title, 'King of the Four Zones,' 17, 19;
Nabonidus and, 41;
bricks discovered with name of, on, 47;
'Builder of the Temple of En-lil,' 247;
omens and, 283;
'mould' of an inscribed stone belonging to Sargon I in palace of, 363
NE'BO. Hymn to, 69;
son of Bel, 102;
shrine sacred to, 102;
Tashnit, wife of, 102, 185, 186;
association with Merodach, 184-186;
chief seat, Borsippa, 184, 326;
as grain-god, 186;
the altars of Yahveh dragged from, 190;
temple of, 306, 346, 348
NEB'ROD. See Nimrod
NE-BICH-AD-REZ'ZAR I. Ramman and, 219
NEBUCHADREZZAR II (or NEBUCHADNEZZAR). King of Babylonia, reign of, 36-40;
invades Egypt, 37;
wars against Jerusalem, 37;
puts Jehoiakim to death, 37;
sets up Zedekiah as King of Jerusalem, 37;
Daniel and, 37-40;
his dreams, 37-40;
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and, 38;
ruins of palace of, explored in 1899, 47;
Sir H. C. Rawlinson's discovery re, 104;
Shamash's temple restored by, 249;
Dr Andrae's discovery re, 356;
Merodach and, 377
NEBUCHADREZZAR III. King of Babylonia, 41
NEM'ART. See Nimrod
NER'GAL. Temple of, at Cuthah, 82, 296;
of Cuthah, 94;
patron god of Cuthah, 105;
not unlike Loki, 106;
Dibarra, variant of, 106;
Aralu and, 150, 151;
shade of Eabani, and, 180;
Mars and, 235;
Canaanitish war-god, 326;
worshipped by Phœnicians, 328
NEW YEAR. Assembly of gods at Babylon on first day of, 201;
Merodach and, 201;
Bau and, 251;
Gudea and, 251
NI-BI'RU, Merodach's star, 79
NIM'ROD. The mighty hunter, 49-56;
son of Chus, the Æthiop, 49;
a reputed descendant of Ham, 49;
figures in Biblical and Babylonian tradition, 49;
built Babylon, 50;
Greek named Nebrod or Nebros, 50;
identified with Merodach, Gilgamesh, and Orion, 50;
name found in Egyptian documents of XXII Dynasty as 'Nemart,' 50;
derivation of name may mean 'rebel,' 50;
legends of, related by Philo in his De Gigantibus, 50;
Abram and, 51-56;
King of Chaldea, 52;
suggested identity with Gilgamesh, 156
NIM'RÛD. Sir Henry Layard's excavations at, 340, 342-344;
Rassam's searches at, 344;
George Smith's searches at, 348-354
NIN-A-GAL. Variant of Ea, 116
NIN'EV-EH. Built by Sennacherib, 31;
Assur-bani-pal's library at, 35, 71, 154, 346;
archæological researches of Layard and Botta at, 46;
George Smith's labours at, 46;
Mr Hormuzd Rassam's work at, 47;
built by Asshur, 49;
tablet written for temple of Nergal discovered at, 82;
residence of Asshur, 207;
Ishtar's shrine in, 212;
M. Botta and site of, 339, 340;
Layard and, 344;
plan of, 357
NIN-GIR'SU. Name means 'Lord of Girsu,' 144;
known as Shulgur ('Lord of the corn heaps'), 144;
identified with Tammuz, 144;
variant, Ninib, 214, 216;
favourite of Gudea, 251;
temple of, 283
NIN'IB, 84, 175;
a war-god, 214;
variant of, Nin-girsu, 214, 216;
Tiglath-pileser I, Assur-rishishi, Assur-nazir-pal, and, 214;
as hunter-god, 216;
extolled by Tiglath-pileser I, 216;
invoked by Assur-nazir-pal, 216;
Gula, consort of, 216;
Saturn and, 235;
translated as En-Mashti by Canaanites, 326
NIN-IGI-NAG'IR-SIR. Saved with Ea, etc., from deluge, 115
NIN-LIL. Variant of Beltis, 101;
consort of En-lil; Ishtar and, 124
NIN'NI. Variant of Innana, 187
NIN'SUM. Gilgamesh resorts to, 180
NI'NUS. King of Assyria, 25;
Semiramis, wife of, 25;
Ninyas, son of, 26
NIN'YAS. Son of Ninus; during minority of, Semiramis assumed
the regency, 26
NIPPUR. Babylonian civilization grouped round, 14;
god En-lil and, 14;
city of Ur colonized by, 15;
Mr Haynes' excavations at, 47, 359, 360, 365, 366;
temple of, 82;
cosmological tales at, 84;
of Sumerian origin, 96;
preferred to Babylon, 196;
lamentation ritual at, 199, 200;
temple of E-Kur at, 248;
business quarter of, unearthed, 359, 360;
stage-tower of, 361;
temple-tower of, 362
NIR'IG. God; variant, Enu-Restu; Bel, father of, 153
NIZ'AN. First month; sacred to Anu and Bel, 236
NO'AH. Patriarch, reference to, 45;
legend of deluge and Ea, 115;
variant, Ut-Napishtim, 116
NO-RETURN. Land of, 128
NU-DIM-MUD. Variant of name of Ea, 73;
Tiawath and, 76
NUMBERS. Assigned to each of the gods, 237, 238
NUS'KU. The messenger of Mul-lil, 68;
hymn to, 69;
temple of, 102;
of the 'Brilliant Sceptre,' 224, 225;
Nabu and, connected, 225;
eclipses and, 255


O

O-AN'NES. See Ea, 14
OBELISK. Of Shalmaneser II, 343
O-DA'CON. Appears from sea of Eruthra, 112
OMEN-S. Library of Sargon contained book dealing with, 18;
divination by, 281, 282
O-MOR'CA. Chaldaic equivalent, Thalath; Greek, thalassa, 114
ON'NES. One of Ninus' generals, husband of Semiramis, 25
OPPERT. French exploration expedition and, 347
O-RI'ON. Nimrod identified with, 50
O-SI'RIS. Isis and, reference to, 133;
reference to, 201, 228
'O-ZY-MAN'DI-AS.' Shelley's sonnet on, 307


P

PAINTINGS. Discovered in Sennacherib's palace at Kouyunjik, 345
PALACE-S. Built at Nineveh by Sargon; M. Botta unearths, 340;
Assyrian, two discovered at Nimrûd, 340;
built by Esar-haddon, unearthed by Layard, 343;
of Sennacherib, found by Layard, 345;
Assur-bani-pal's, discovered by Rawlinson, 346;
of Nimrûd, George Smith's excavations in, 348, 349;
Nebuchadrezzar's, excavated, 369-371
PALESTINE. Syria and, invaded by Sargon, 17;
worship of Hadad in, 188;
the Canaanites first dwellers in, 324
PALL'AS A-THÊ-NÉ. Reference to, 222, 315
PAN'THE-ON, ASSUR-BANI-PAL'S. Belit and Asshur in, 228
PANTHEON OF ASSYRIA, 203-230;
differences between the Babylonian and, 203, 204;
Dagon in, associated with Anu, 216, 217;
Bel-Merodach absorbed in the, 225;
Ea in the, 229;
Dibbarra, in the, 229
PANTHEON OF BABYLONIA.
1. Early. Prior to Khammurabi, 94, 95.
2. Later. General changes in and additions to, 184-198;
Bel's place usurped in the, by Merodach, 227;
spiritistic nature of, 318
PAP-SUK'AL. The messenger of the gods, 130
PARADISE. The Abyss and, 82
PAR'SÎS. Of Bombay, 334
PAR-SON'DES. Ctesias' tale re, 146-149
PAT-E'CHUS. God; a repulsive monster, 330
PATRIARCH, THE. See Abram
PER-SEPH'O-NÉ or PROS'ER-PINE. Reference to, 132, 201;
corresponds to Allatu, 132
PER-SE'POLIS. Reference to, 61;
language found at, deciphered by Löwenstern and Hinks, 65;
Longpérier translated language found at, 66
PER'SE-US. Reference to, 87
PERSIAN-S. Signs in connexion with cuneiform writing, 60-66;
religion of (Zoroaster's), 332-336, etc.;
fear of defilement, 335
PETERS, DR. Director of American expeditions, 358, 359, 364, 365
PHIL-IS'T'I-A. Sargon's expedition against, 210, 211
PHŒ-NIC'I-A. Worship of Moloch in, 328
PHŒNICIAN-S. The Gods of the, 326-329;
religion; Egyptian influence, 328