the fatal, in case of Assur-Dan III, 307-309
E'DOM. Worship of Hadad extended from Carchemish to, 189
E-GIG-UN-NÛ. 'House of the Tomb';
the temple-tower of Nippur, 362
EGYPT. Semitic immigrants in, 15;
conquered by Semiramis, 26;
Esar-haddon wars with, 31;
Nebuchadrezzar invades, 37;
cult of Ishtar in, 124;
Semitic religion in, 331;
excavations in, 339
E-KUR. The temple of, 248, 253;
temples of E-Sagila and, 249
E'LAM-ITES. Northern Mesopotamia and, overcome by Sargon, 17;
yoke of, thrown off by Khammurabi, 20;
name of Khumbaba argues enmity between Babylon and, 166;
Assur-bani-pal and gods of the, 204;
votive object from, 248
EL-BUGÂT. Feast of, 134
EL-IS'SA. Dido confounded with, 190
Elôhim. Term employed in Genesis, 327
EN-KI. Variant of Ea, 116
EN-LIL. The god, 14;
temple of, unearthed, 47;
Merodach and, 84;
earlier name of Bel, 95-97;
a god of vegetation, 96;
symbol of winged bull represents, 97;
word lil signifies a 'demon,' 97;
Beltis (Nin-lil), wife of, 101;
Hadad resembled, 188;
Ramman, son of, 221;
temple of E-Kur sacred to, 248
EN-MASH'TI. Name of Ninib translated by Canaanites as, 326
E'NOCH, BOOK OF. Quoted, 294
E'NOS. Son of Seth, 232
EPH'ES-US. Patroness of, and Diana, 235
EP-I-PHA'NI-US. His allegations re Nimrod, 49
ER'ECH. Part of Nimrod's kingdom, 49;
temple of, 82;
Dibarra plunders, 106-109;
centre of Ishtar's cult, 124;
Gilgamesh, prince of, 154;
temple of Ishtar at, 248
ER'ESH-KI-GAL (Allatu). The mistress of Hades, 129
ER-I-DU. Babylonian civilization grouped round, 14;
the home of Ea, or Oannes, the god of light and wisdom, 14;
Ur a near neighbour of, 15;
culture of, and Babylon, 15;
'magical' hymns emanated from, 68;
worshippers of Ea at, 72;
temple of Ea at, 111;
the deluge and, 116;
supremacy of, passes to Babylon, 199;
Merodach originated at, 200
E-SAG-I'LA. Nabonidus and the priests of, 41;
Nebo's shrine, E-Zila, in temple of, 185;
name of Merodach's temple at Babylon, 200;
temples of E-Kur and, 249;
temple of, 250, 368, 374, 375
E-SAGILA. Tower in Babylon, 47, 374, 375
E'SAR-HAD'DON. Son of Sennacherib, 31;
Assur-bani-pal succeeded, as King of Assyria, 34;
Ishtar and, 212;
'the most likeable' of the Assyrian kings, 306, 307;
palace built by, unearthed by Layard, 343
ESHMÛN. The god of force and healing, 328, 330
ESHMUN-MEL'KARTH. Phœnician combination, 328
ES'THER. Ishtar and, 124, 140-144;
Book of, why written, 141;
equivalent, Ishtar, 142;
Lang, on story of, 142, 143;
Xerxes and, 143;
variant, Hadassah, 143;
Dr Jastrow on Book of, 143
ET-A'NA. The legend of, 195
ETHICS. Babylonian and Assyrian, 337, 338
ETHNOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES. Between the peoples of the northern and southern culture-groups, 203
EUPHRATES,
1. River, 177, 368, 369;
2. Bridge, 375
EUPH-RA'TES-TIG'RIS. Valley;
civilization of, influenced Semitic field, 92
EU-SE'BI-US. Sanchuniathon, Philo, and, 329
EXCAVATION-S. Modern, in Babylonia and Assyria, 339-366;
in Egypt, 339;
map relating to, in Babylonia and Assyria, 341;
at Nineveh by George Smith, 347-354;
at Kouyunjik by Rassam, 354, 355;
of de Sarzec at Tellô, 355, 356;
Babylonian Exploration Fund instituted in America, 356-366;
under control of the University of Pennsylvania, 360-366;
recent, by German Oriental Society, 367-377
E-ZI'DA.
1. Temple of Nabu at, 250;
discovered by Rawlinson 346;
2. Great tower of Nabu, 375
E-ZILA. 'The firm house'; Nebo's shrine in temple of E-Sagila, 185


F

FABLE. A Babylonian, re the eagle, 296-298
FATE-S. The great gods Annunaki decree, 173;
the Chamber of, 185, 252, 253
FATHER-SKY. Of primitive mythologies, 196
FEAST-S. The Jewish, of Purim, 140;
Babylonian, 251, 252
FESTIVAL-S. Of Adonis, 135;
of the Sacæa or Zakmuk, 141;
New Year; Nebo and, 185;
Babylonian; Zag-muku, sacred to Bau, 251, 252;
Scottish-Celtic, of Beltane, 317.
FIELD. An expert Assyriologist, 358
FIRE-GOD. Gibil, the, 225
FIRE-WORSHIP. The central feature of Zoroastrian ritual, 335
FISHER, MR. Architect in American exploration campaign, 360
FLOOD. See Deluge.
FRA-VASH'I. Guardian spirit of the Persians, 336
FRAZER, SIR JAMES. On the Greek way of representing Ashurbanapal (i.e. Sardanapalus), 32;
on the real and the mock Sardanapalus, 34;
Tammuz, and his Golden Bough, 134;
Ishtar and, 137;
feast of Purim and, 140;
on Vashti, 143
FRESNEL. French exploration expedition and, 347


G

GARDENS, HANGING. Of Babylon, 371
GAR'MUS. King of Babylon;
romance of Sinonis and, 56-60;
Rhodanes and, 56-60
GATHAS. The most ancient part of the Avesta, 333
GA-TUM-DUG. Goddess; allied form of Bau, 145
GA'ZA. Temple of Dagon at, 151
GAZELLE. Goat and, gods, 292-294
GEM'I-NI, SIGN. Gilgamesh and Eabani some relation to the, 182
GENESIS, BOOK OF. Reference to, re Nimrod, 49;
creation story in, 70, 289;
Abbé Loisy and, 322, 323;
term elohim in, 327
GERMANY. Goat-demon adored in, 293
GHOSTS. Assyrian, 277, 278
GI'BI. Prayer and the god, 68
GIB'IL. The god of fire;
Nusku and, 225
GILGAMESH. Hero;
Nimrod identified with, 50, 156;
epic; goddess Aruru figures in, 86;
prince of Erech, 154-183;
provisional name Gisdhubar, or Izdubar, 156;
Shamash and, 156;
birth of, related by Ælian, 156;
Rimatbelit, mother of, 158;
shade of Eabani appears to, 160;
Ishtar's love for, 167, 168;
mourning the loss of Eabani, 170;
his quest for the secret of perpetual life, 170-173;
his ancestor, Ut-Napishtim, 170;
Sin delivers, 170;
seeks from Ut-Napishtim the secret of perpetual life, 173-180;
Adad-Ea and, 178, 179
GIL-GA'MESH EPIC, THE. Account of deluge in, reference to, 42;
one of the greatest literary productions of ancient Babylonia, 154-183;
Ishtar in, 213
GIR'SU. Beltis' sanctuary at, 101
GIS-DHU'BAR or IZDU'BAR. Gilgamesh's provisional name, 156
GISH-ZI'DA. One of the guardians of the gates of heaven, 118
GOATS. Gazelle and, gods, 292-294
GOD-S. Ea, or Oannes, 14, 25, 72, 73, 76, 79, 86, 87, 93, 94, 102, 111-116, 216, 229;
En-lil, 14, 47, 84, 95-97, 101;
Babylonian kings the direct vice-regents of the, on earth, 17;
Babylonian, Merodach, 41, 47, 50, 68, 76-82, 81, 84, 86, 93, 94, 103, 106, 184-198, 199-202;
Bel, Babylonian sun-, 41, 196, 197;
the birth of the, 71-87;
Tiawath, Apsu, and Mummu, a trinity of, 74;
Horus, reference to, 75;
Kingu; Tiawath and, 75;
Merodach, the creator of the, 82;
Semites and, 89;
spirits and, in ancient Babylonia, 89-91;
Anu, most ancient of Babylonian, 90, 121-123, 197, 198, 217;
invoked by Assyrian kings, 90;
Kis, the sun-, 93, 294;
under animal forms, 92, 93;
the great, 93-153;
Sin, moon-, 94, 109, 128, 170, 325;
tribal divinities, 94;
pantheon that held sway prior to Khammurabi, 94, 95;
description of Bel, 96;
a trinity of (Bel, Ea, and Anu), 97;
Sibi, 108;
Shamash, the sun-, 41, 94, 109, 187, 222, 223, 325;
Nergal, 82, 94, 105, 106, 151, 180, 235, 326, 328, 329;
Adapa, 116-121;
Ishtar, 123-144;
Tammuz, sun-god of Eridu, 126-144;
Ishtar and Persephone, 131-135;
Nin-Girsu, 144;
Bau, 144;
Pap-sukal, messenger of the, 130;
Ga-tum-dug, 145;
Nannar, the moon-god of Ur, 145-149;
Dagon, a fish-, 151, 152, 216, 217, 325;
Nirig, or Enu-Res-tu, 153;
Gilgamesh, a sun-, 157;
Eabani, a sun-, 159;
Later Pantheon of Babylonia, 184-198;
Nebo, 184-186, 326;
Ramman, 187-189, 195, 217-222, 325;
Hadad or Adad, 187-191, 325;
Baal, a sun-, 189, 327, 328;
Dáda, Dido, Dodo, 189-191;
Zu, a storm-, 193-195;
Merodach originally a sun-, 199;
the great, of Assyria, 205-229;
Asshur, 94, 124, 206-211;
Nin-ib, war-god and hunter-, 214-216, 326;
the moon-, 94, 109, 128, 170, 180, 223, 224;
Nusku, 224, 225;
Gibil, the fire-, 225;
Bel-Merodach, 225;
prisoner-, 225, 226;
Belit alluded to as 'Mother of the Great —', 228;
procession of—see illustration, 230;
ideograph the same for 'star' and, 234;
planets identified with, 235;
Nabu and Merodach, 228;
Dibbarra, 229;
Damku and Sharru-Ilu, 229;
many Babylonian, evolved from demons, 268;
gazelle- and goat-, 292-294;
Hellenic departmental, 315;
departmental characteristics of the, of Babylonia and Assyria, 315, 316;
general equivalent, 'el,' used by Canaanites and Hebrews, 325, 326;
of light—Uru, 325;
of the Phœnicians, 327-329;
Resheph, a Canaanite, 326, 328;
Melkarth of Tyre, 327;
Ashtart, 326, 327, 330;
Eshmun, god of vital force, 328;
Moloch, 328;
Carthaginian Moloch, 330;
Patechus, a monster, 330;
Illat, 330;
Sakon, 330;
Tsaphon, 330;
of Babylon more dignified than those of the Greeks or Norsemen, 338;
the Twilight of the, 377-380
GODDESS-ES. Ishtar, 28, 94, 101, 106, 107, 111, 123-144, 158, 165-168, 176, 211-214, 326;
'Ishtar' a generic designation for, 124;
Nanâ and Anunit, 124;
Samkhat — of joy, 131;
Cybele, the mother-, 132;
Bau, 'mother of Lagash,' 144, 145;
Ga-tum-dug, allied form of Bau, 14;
Azalu, 149-151;
Sabitu, a sea-, 172;
Ealur, amalgamated with Zarpanitum, 186;
Innana or Ninni, 187;
Dawkina, 197;
worship of great mother, 318, 319;
Tanith, 328;
Ashtart, 326, 327, 328;
Isis (Astarte), 328;
Tanit, the moon, 330;
Rabbat Umma, 330;
Tanit, 330
GRAIN-GOD. Nebo as, 186
GREECE. Cult of Ishtar in, 124
GREEKS. Babylonia ruled over by, 378
GROTEFEND, GEORG. Cuneiform writing and, 62-64
GU-BARR'A. Prayer and god, 68
GU-DE'A. A vassal of the throne of Dungi, 19;
high-priest of Lagash, 19;
his building and architectural ability, 19, 247;
diorite statues of, found by de Sarzec, 47;
Bau alluded to in ancient inscriptions of, 144;
worship of Innana by, 187;
Nin-girsu favourite of, 251;
hepatoscopy and, 283;
de Sarzec and, 355
GU'LA. Consort of Ninib, 216
GY'GES. King of Lydia;
Assur-bani-pal and, 302, 303;
George Smith's discoveries re, 352


H

HABB'AC-UC. A prophet; sent to feed Daniel, 100
HA'DAD or ADAD. Ramman or Rimmon identified with, 187-191;
resemblances between Dáda, Dido, David and, 189-191;
the supreme Baal, 189;
a Canaanitish god, 325
HA'DAD-NA'DIN-AKHI. Placed on throne of Babylon by Assur-nazir-pal, 23;
kills the Assyrian monarch, Bel-kudur-uzur, 23
HAD-ASS'AH. Variant of Esther, 143
HA'DES. Descent of Ishtar into, 125, 126, 128-131;
Eresh-ki-gal (Allatu), mistress of, 129
HAL'LA-BI. Innana's temple at, 187
HAM'AN. The Book of Esther and, 141;
accepted identity with Humman or Homman, 142
HAMMURABI. Dynasty, 325
HAN'NI-BAL. Carthaginian hero, 330, 332;
Baal's name in, 330
HA-O'MA. Deposited on the celestial mountain, 335
HAR-AN'. Abram's youngest brother,