INDEX


A

Aa or Â. Consort of Shamash, 110
ABED'NEGO. One of Daniel's companions, 38
AB'RAM. Ur, city of, 15, 145, 249;
Nimrod and, 51-56;
Jewish legends re, 51, 52;
Persian traditions re, 52, 53;
another tradition re, preserved in the East, 53-56;
star Venus and, 55
AB'U-HABB'AH. The ancient site of Sippar, 177
ABYDENUS. Statement of, re Ea, 112
ABYSS, THE. Paradise and, 82
ACCA'D. Part of Nimrod's kingdom, 49
ACHÆMENIDÆ. Cyaxares' son dethroned by, 333
A'DAD. Equivalent, Hadad, 187-191
A'DAD-EA. Ut-Napishtim's ferry-man, 172;
Gilgamesh consults, 172;
Ut-Napishtim, Gilgamesh and, 178
A'DAD-NARARI IV. Son of Assur-Dan III, 308
ADAM. The sons of, 232
AD'APA. The South Wind and, story of, 116-121
AD'AR. Sun-god of Nippur;
Hymn to, 68;
connected with the pig, 93, 294
AD'NA. Wife of Azar;
according to an Eastern tradition the parents of Abram, 54
AD-ÔNIS. Smyrna, mother of, reference to, 127;
myth of related to that of Tammuz, 131
AEDORACHUS. Of Pantibiblon, reference to, 112
ÆLIAN. Of Gilgamos (Gilgamesh);
grandson of Sokkaros, 157
AF-AN-AS-I'EF. On vampires, 266
AFRICA, 329;
Semitic religion in, 331
A'HAB. King of Israel, overthrown by Shalmaneser II, 24
A'HI-MI-TI. Sargon displaces Azuri by, 210
AH'RI-MAN. Mazda and Sraosha overcome, 337
AHURA MAZDA. Good principle of Zarathustra's religion, 334;
creator of the universe, 335
A-I'BU. The serpent, 289
AKK'AD. Kingdom founded by Semites, 16;
King Sargon of, founds first great Semitic empire in Babylonia, 16
AKK-AD'IANS. Description of, 13-16;
language, 13, 14;
Babylonian Semites receive germs of culture from the, 14;
modern equivalent for the older, is the expression 'Sumerian,' 15;
stars studied by, 231
AKK'U-LU (Eater). Attendant hound of Merodach, 202
A-LAL'U. The eagle;
Ishtar and, 167
ALEXANDER THE GREAT, 378
'ALL'AH.' Modern Arabic name, 325
ALL-A-TU. Equivalent, Eresh-ki-gal, mistress of Hades, 129;
realms of, 237
Al-ô-nim. Descriptive term of Phœnicians for their gods, 327
ALTAR-S. Of Dodo, and of Yahveh, 190, 191
A'LU. Bull, sent by Anu against Gilgamesh, 168, 169
AL'U-DEMON. The, 271, 277
A-MAR'UDUK. The name Merodach, originally, 202
AM'EN-HET'EP IV. King of Egypt;
letters to, unearthed at Tel-el-Amarna, 22
AMORITE-S. Hadad, a god of the, 188;
deity, Dagon an, 352
AN'A-TU. The consort of Anu, 123;
mother of Ishtar, 168
ANCESTOR-WORSHIP. The Canaanites and, 326
ANDRAE, Dr. A German explorer, 356
ANIMALS. Babylonian gods having form of, 92, 93;
mythological monsters and, of Chaldea, 289-298;
the dog, 290-292;
the pig, 294
ANIMISTIC. Babylonian religion typically, 317, 319
AN-NE-DA'TUS. Appears from Eruthrean Sea, 112
Ann'-u-na-ki, THE. Generic name for the gods of the earth, 82, 130;
spirits of earth, 90;
decree fate, 173;
torches carried by, 175
AN'SAR. God;
birth of, 71;
Tiawath and, 76
AN'SHAR. Variant of Asshur;
created with Kishar, 208;
Anu, Ea, and Merodach sent to destroy Tiawath, 208
AN'U. God of the sky;
son of Ansar and Kisar, 72;
Ansar and, 76;
Merodach and, 79;
most ancient of Babylonian deities, 90;
held sway over Erech and Der, 94;
temple of, 102;
South Wind and, 117-121;
En-lil, Ea and, the universal triad, 121;
significance, 121-123;
Anatu, the consort of, 123;
Bau and, 144;
sacred bull sent against Gilgamesh by, 158;
father of Ishtar, 168;
Hadad worshipped with, at Asshur, 188;
the Tablets of Destiny and, 195;
in a triad with Ea and Bel, but more frequently in the texts apart from them, 197, 198;
Dagan and, 198;
in Assyria—in Babylon, 217;
invoked with Bel, 227;
the Pole Star, 236;
eclipses and, 255
ANU'NIT. Lesser goddess, merged in conception of Ishtar, 124
APH-RO-DI'TÉ. Ishtar and cult, of, 124;
Ishtar and, connected, 235
APOCRYPHA. Legend of Bel and the Dragon in, 97
APOLLO. Temple to, at Carthage, 330
APOLLODORUS. Statement of, re Ea, 112
Ap'su. The deep, or 'house of knowledge,' 72;
alternative, Zigarun;
mother of Ea, 72, 73, 74;
the primeval, 193
AQUARIUS, SIGN OF. The deluge story and, 183
ARABIA. Semites believed to have come from, 15, 16;
Naram-Sin penetrates, 17;
Semitic religion in, 331
AR-AKH'TU. Nabopolasser and the channel called the, 368
AR-A-LÛ.
1. The underworld, 125; 128-131, 171.
2. Goddess;
variant, Eres-ki-gal;
Nergal and, 150
AR-BE'LA. Ishtar's shrine in, 212;
battle of, 378
ARCHÆOLOGY. Babylonian, 46, 47;
Chaldean, 339-366;
American interest in Babylonian, 356-366;
fashionable about the time of Nabonidus (556-539 B.C.), 363
ARES. Greek god, 315
AR'GO. Ea identified with a star in the constellation, 236
ARK. The Babylonian, 174-178
AR-TA'IOS. Median monarch;
Nannar confounded with, 146
ARTEMIS. Reference to, 132
ART-S. Babylonian;
gem-cutting, etc., 17;
Babylonian literature and, under Khammurabi the Great, 20;
all the, under Ea's patronage, 192
A-RU'-RU. Goddess who aided the formation of man, 82, 86, 123;
creates a champion against Gilgamesh, 162
AR'Y-AN. Race;
the Philistines of, 324
AS-A'RI. Appellation of Merodach, 202;
may be compared with Asar (Osiris), 202
ASH'DOD. Temple of Dagon at, 151;
Sargon's expedition against, 210, 211, 350
ASH'TART or ISH'TAR. Worshipped in Carthage, 327, 330
ASH'TER-OTH or AS-TAR'TE. Ishtar known to Canaanites, Phœnicians, and Greeks as, 124, 319, 326;
the Aphrodite of the Greeks, 131;
Phœnician god, 328
ASHURBAN'APAL. See Assur-bani-pal.
A-SHU'SHU-NA'MIR. Created by Ea, 130
ASIA. Submitted to Ninus, 25;
Tiglath-pileser III invested with sovereignty of, 30;
Belit and Asshur in pantheon of, 228
ASIA MINOR. Greek colonies in, 235, 236;
peopled by diverse races, 324;
worship of Ashtart in, 328
A'si-pû. The wizards, 260;
273, 274
AS'KE-LON. Temple of Ashtart (Ishtar) at, 327
ASSH'UR.
1. City;
site of, explored by the German expedition of 1899, 47;
residence of god Asshur, 207;
Bel's temple in, 227.
2. God;
identified with Merodach, 94;
Ishtar, consort of, 125;
religion of Assyria centres in, 206-211;
etymology of name, 208;
variant, Anshar, 208;
mentioned in inscription of Samsi-Ramman, 208;
Sargon and the conquering power of, 210, 211;
Ishtar and, 214;
Bel-Merodach placed after, in the Assyrian Pantheon, 225, 377;
prisoner-gods and, 226;
Belit and, 227
ASSUR-BAN'I-PAL. King of Assyria;
Greek equivalent, Sardanapalus, 32;
historic reality, 33;
death of, 33;
succeeded Esar-haddon, 34;
Samus-sum-yukin, brother of, 34;
his death, 35;
his library at Nineveh, 35, 46, 71, 261, 282, 346;
patron of literature, 154;
Sin and, 224;
Belit and, 227, 228;
capture of twenty gods of the Elamites by, 204;
tablets dealing with magic in library of, 261;
the five hounds of, 290, 291;
autobiography of, 301-306;
palace of, discovered by Rawlinson, 346;
fragment of history of, discovered by George Smith, 352;
tablets of, 354;
zikkurat of, 365
ASS'UR-DAN III. The fatal eclipse and, 307-309
ASSUR-NAZ'IR-PAL. Son of Tuk-ul-ti-in-Aristi, 23;
places Hadad-nadin-akhi on throne of Babylon, 23;
Ishtar and, 214;
Ninib, and, 214, 216;
Calah residence of, 215;
Shamash and, 223;
Sin and, 223;
sculptures glorifying, 343;
dedications of, unearthed, 351
ASSUR-NAZ'IR-PAL III. King of Assyria, reference to his reign, 23
ASS'UR-RI-SHI'-SHI'. Ninib and, 214
ASS'UR-YU-BALL'IDH. The Kassite king of Babylonia marries daughter of, 22
ASSYRIA-NS. Race origin, 12;
Hittite and Amorite elements intermingled with, 12, 13;
land boundaries, the Tigris and Euphrates, 12;
the Akkadians and, 13;
Tiglath-pileser, King of, 23;
Semiramis the Great, Queen of, 24-29;
Assur-bani-pal desired to make the centre of religious influence of the empire, 35;
Scythians penetrate into, 36;
Sin-sar-iskin, last King of, 36;
cuneiform writing of, 60-66;
religion, Semitic influence on, 91, 92;
the Pantheon of, 203-230;
religion of, centres in Asshur, 206;
greatness;
secret of, 208, 209;
Ishtar in, 211-214;
worship of Ramman in, 220;
Shammash's cult in, 222, 223;
Bel-Merodach and, 225;
cult of Nabu in, 228;
temples of, 242-251;
culture;
progenitors of, 250;
magic and demonology, 257-288;
belief in taboo, 278;
religions of Babylonia and, comparative value of, 313-337;
religion of Zoroaster supplanted that of ancient, 332;
ethics, 337, 338;
modern excavations in, 339-366;
empire, fall of, in 606 B.C., 377
ASTROLOGY. Birthplace of, 231
ATARATH. The arel (or altar) of Dodo carried from, 190
ATARGA'TUS. God; Dagon worshipped as, 27
ATARYAT'IS. Alternative, Derketo. Fish-goddess, legendary mother of Semiramis, 25
ATHENAG'ORAS. Refers to worship of Semiramis, 27
ATHENS. Piræus, port of, 328
AT'TIS. A god akin to Adonis, 132
AU'RA MA-I-NYU. Evil principle of Zarathustra's religion, 334
A-VERR'-O-ES. Friend of Maimonides, 232
AVESTA. Earliest form of Zoroaster's name in the, 333
A'YA. The betrothed of Sham-ash, 166
AZ'AR. One of Nimrod's guards; traditional father of Abram, 54
AZ'TECS. Reverence of, for worship of Toltecs, 226, 227
AZ-U-RI, King. Sargon displaces, by Ahimiti, 210


B

BAAL. Sun-god;
Hadad the supreme, 189;
magic and, 258;
Phœnician god, 327;
Tanit alluded to as 'The Countenance of —,' 330
'BA'AL.' Canaanitish god, 325;
term applied by Phœnicians, 327
BAAL-AMM'ON or MO'LOCH. See Moloch
BA'AL-HAMM'AN. Phœnician god worshipped in Carthage, 327
Ba'alim. Presiding spirits, 326;
of Tyre, the Phœnicians and, 327
BA'BEL. The Tower of, 48;
Hebrew verb babal confused with word babel, 48;
story of Tower of, suggested by one of the towers of Babylon;
the beginning of Nimrod's kingdom was, 49
BÂBIL. Mound and enclosure of 103, 347;
as a citadel, 368
BA'BU. Esar-haddon, restorer of, 306
BABYLON-IA-N. Racial origin, 12;
mother of astrology and magic, 12;
land boundaries, the Tigris and Euphrates, 12;
the Akkadians and, 13;
Semites—receive germs of culture from Akkadians, 14;
language, 14;
civilization, 14;
offshoot of culture of Eridu, 15;
first founders, 15;
Semite conquerors enter, 15, 16;
first great Semitic empire in, founded by Sargon of Akkad, 16;
Syria and Palestine welded with, by Sargon, 17;
kings, vicegerents of the gods, 17;
art; gem-cutting, etc., 17;
communication between island of Cyprus and, 18;
fall of 'First Dynasty of —', 21;
Burna-buryas, King of, 22;
Tukulti-in-Aristi takes, and slays King Bitilyasu, 22;
built by Semiramis, 26;
finally conquered by Tiglath-pileser III, 30;
surrender of, through starvation, 34;
literature; Assur-bani-pal and, 35;
Nebuchadrezzar leads Jews into captivity in, 37;
Kings; Nabonidus, last of, 40;
independence of, recovered after death of Darius, 41;
Persians conquer, 41;
destruction of, 41;
Seleucia built out of ruins of, 42;
archæology, 46, 47;
legend of confusion of tongues and towers of, 47;
E-Sagila, tower of, 47;
built by Nimrod, 50;
cuneiform writing of, 60-66;
cosmogony, 70-87;
religion, early, 88-153;
spirits and gods in ancient, 89-153;
religion, Semitic influence on, 91, 92;
religion, signs of totemism in, 92;
the Pantheon—Early, 94, 95;
Later, 184-198;
Nippur preferred to, 196;
the country of Bel, 225;
star-worship in, 231-238;
temples of, 242-251;
magic and demonology, 257-288;
belief in taboo, 278;
conquered by Shalmaneser I, 308;
religions of Assyria and, comparative value, 313-336, etc.;
captivity, 321;
religion, penetrated to Britain, 331;
the religion of Zoroaster supplanted that of ancient, 332;
ethics, 337, 338;
myth, compared with Hellenic and Scandinavian, 338;
moral code, 338;
modern excavations in, 339-366;
the, of Nebuchadrezzar II, 367;
water supply of, 368;
hanging gardens of, 371;
the elder, 375, 376;
national status of, regained, 377;
religion, decay of, 378, 379
Bab-y-lon'ic-a. A work by Iamblichus, containing fragments of Babylonian history, 56;
reference to an epitome of the, by Photius, 56
BANKS. Temples as, 250, 251
BAPHOMET. Name of pagan idol, 293
BARBARO, JOSAPHAT. Cuneiform writing and, 61
BAR-SA'NES. King of Armenia, 25
Barû. The seers, 260
BAS'RA. Layard sends sculptures to, 344;
Ernest de Sarzec, French vice-consul at, 355
BAS-RELIEF-S. Found in palace of Sennacherib at Kouyunjik, 345;
found in palace of Assur-bani-pal, 346
BAU. Goddess;