INDEX

A bear trapped, 98
A box of minerals stolen, 40
A granitical formation on Lake Superior, 88
A long fast, 126
A new philological principle in languages, 455
A phenomenon, 103
A precinct of Indian orgies, 115
A sub-expedition to Sandy Lake, 112
A war-party surprised, 552
Account of sub-explorations of Green Bay, 210
Acipenser oxyrinchus, 95
Acipenser spatularia, 163
Advance of Lake Superior to the Rocky Mountains, 109
African and Indian marriages, 108
Agaric mineral, 60
Agate, 87
Agglutinative properties of the Indian pronoun, 502
Aggregate fall of the Mississippi below Sandy Lake, 150;
- commencement of the calcareous rocks, 150
Algoma, 107
Algonquin language justly applauded, 122
Algonac, 50
Allenoga River, 250
Allen's Lake, 263
Aluminous minerals, 354
American Indian policy, 546
American antiquities, 166
Amygdaloid, 90
An Indian breakfast, 253
An Indian grave with hieroglyphics, 88
An Indian nonplused in the woods, 97
An Indian salute, 120
Analysis of Lake Superior copper at Utrecht, 364
Anodonta corpulenta, 516
Announcement of return of expedition, of 1820, 279
Antique markings on the pinus resinosa, 552
Antique notices of the lake mineralogy, 295
Antiquities, 157;
- first notice of in 1766, 165
Apparent tide in the Baltic, 191
Appearance of dune sand at Point aux Barques, 54
Appendix No. 2, 449
Apricots in bloom on the 22d of April, 41
Arched rock, 61
Argillaceous stratum of Detroit, 307
Argillite, 111
Artesian borings for water, 51
Art of the wounded duck, 249
Arts and manufactures of the Chippewas and Ottowas, 70
Ascent of the Assowa River, 235
Asphaltum and naphtha, 196
Assassination of Owen Keveny, 69
Assowa Lake, 239
Atmospheric heat 28th June, 96
Aux Sables Indians, 55

Bark letter in pictographic characters, 433
Barometrical height of Cass Lake, 139
Barytic minerals, 357
Basin of Lake Michigan, 335
Basin of Lake Superior, 318
Bat in wood, 396
Beltrami, 227
Birch Lake, 263
Birds inhabiting the region of Pakagama Falls, 130
Birds of Lake Superior, 104
Birds of the Wisconsin Valley, 181
Bituminous minerals, 358
Bivalve shells, 415
Black River, 103
Boatswain to Com. Perry in 1813, 194
Botany, 408
Boulders on the shores of Lake St. Clair, 49
Boundary between Michigan and Wisconsin, 103
Breadth of the Mississippi at Sandy Lake, 124
Brigham's residence at Blue Mound, 568
Brulé summit, 273
Buckshot gravel, 62
Buffalo hunt, 146

Cabotian Mountains, 110
Calcareous minerals, 350
Canadian canoe-song, 189
Canoe-race, 48
Capt. Douglass, 210
Capt. Jouett, 269
Capture and massacre of the garrison of old Mackinac, 63
Carnage River, 248
Carnelian, 87
Carver's Cave, 159
Carver's travels, 21
Cass, his official report, 280
Cass Lake, 130
Cass Lake basin, 328
Cass on Indian hieroglyphics, 430
Cassville, Wisconsin, 169
Chagoimegon, 105
Chalcedony and calcareous spar, 54
Charles Stokes, Esq., his geological memoir, 315
Charlevoix's visit to America, 20
Character and value of Dubuque's lead mines, 172
Character of the bison, 147
Character of the Canadian voyageur, 124
Cheboigan, its etymology, 213
Chenos, a masked coast, 73
Chicago, etymology of name, population, and greatness, 198
Chief Guelle Plat, 255
Chippewa character of the Kekeewin, 154
Chippewa dance, 87
Chippewa term of salutation, 84
Chippewa village, 94
Cinnamon-colored radiated quartz, 163
Claimants to mine lands, 365
Clinton River, 49
Club fungus partially fossilized, 204
Coal in Western New York, 391
Coast of boulders, 215
Col. Croghan's attack at Fort Holmes in 1814, 64
Col. Pierce, 58
Coluber æstivus, 50
Combustibles, 536
Commercial value of copper, 372
Conchology, 178
Connection with Blackhawk's plans disclaimed, 272
Cooper's description of shells, 515
Copper-bearing trap-dykes, 89
Copper boulder, its size, 97
Copper-head snake, 238
Copper ores of Mineral Point, 567
Cormorant, 130
Corn ripens at St. Peter's Valley, 153
Cornu-ammonis; a fossiliferous coast, 56
Corregonus albus, 260
Cost of lake transportation, 376
Council at Cass Lake, 251
Council at Sandy Lake, 226
Council at St. Peter's agency, 269
Council at the ultimate point of the first expedition, 133
Council with Indians;
- their hostility, 78;
- they raise the British flag, 79
Crow-wing River, 145
Crystals of iron pyrites, 196
Cupreous formation, 324
Cup-shaped concavities, 61

Dacota, or Nadownsie Indians, 158
Danger escaped, 566
Date and circumstance of Pike's visit to Sandy Lake, 117
Date of Prairie du Chien, 167
Date of the battle of Badaxe, 269
Date of Wisconsin as a territorial name, 176
De Witt Clinton offers the use of his library, 23
Dead scaffolded, 122
Defect of postal facilities, at Mackinac, 65
Depth of the Detroit clay beds, 51
Derogative inflections of the Indian noun, 476
Descent of Itasca River, 246
Description of the Indian canoe, 47
Desiderata of discovery, 227
Detroit completely burnt down in 1805, 44
Detroit first founded in 1701, 45
Difficulty of studying the Indian tongues, 441
Difficulty of the descent of the Brulé, 273
Diluvial elevations, 385
Diminutive forms of the Odjibwa noun, 474
Discover native copper, 90
Discovery of Itasca Lake, 573
Distance from Lake Superior to Lake Pepin, 544
Distance from St. Peter's to the gulf, 153;
elevation of the country, 153
Distances travelled in the expedition of 1831, 544
Dr. McDonnell's letter, 439
Dr. Mitchell's summary of discoveries, 416
Drift-stratum, 115, 322
Dubuque City, 170
Du Ponceau's prize essay, 453

Earliest date of Winnebago history, 194
Earthy compounds, 534
Elementary structure of the Algonquin language, 442
Elk Island, 216
Elk River, its latitude, 147
Elevation of Lake Superior, 107
Elevation of the cliff of La Grange, 162
Elevation of the country at the Savanna Portage, 120
Encampment at St. Mary's, 76
Ephemeral insects, 167
Epoch of the deposit of St. Mary's sandstone, 539
Epochs of geological action proved by fossils, 400
Era of Pontiac's hostile movements, 62
Era of the discovery of the St. Lawrence, 121
Erismatolite, 103
Erratic block stratum, 53
Erratic block and drift stratum, 61
Essay on the Odjibwa substantive, 453
Establishment of a military post at St. Peter's, 152
Etymology, 116
Etymology of Manitowakie, 195
Etymology of Minnesota, 156
Etymology of Namikong, 85
Etymology of Pawating, 81
Etymology of Rum River, 150
Etymology of the word Konamik, 186
Etymology of the word Michilimackinac, 70
Etymology of the word Mississippi, 140
Etymology of the word Wisconsin, 179
Etymology of Waganukizzie, 207
Evidences of ancient Indian cultivation, 59
Evidences of diluvial action, 318
Explorations recommended, 285
Extensive and fertile bow-shaped area, 135

Fallacious appearance of a tide in Green Bay, 191
Fallacious information of the Indians, respecting the lead mines, 180
Falls and precipices, 110
Falls of St. Croix, 270
Falls of the Montreal River, 103
Federation group of islands of Lake Superior, 105, 321
Feud between the Sioux and Chippewas, 545
Final embarkation at Grosse Point, 49
Final separation of the party at Fort Dearborn, 197
First lake vessel built by La Salle, 212
First steamboat visits Michilimackinac in 1819, 212
Flat Rock Point, organic remains, 55
Flock of pigeons drowned in storms, 195
Flora of Lake Michigan, 206
Fluor spar, 353
Fond du Lac, 184
Fondness of the Indians for melons, 170
Forest-trees, 143
Forest-trees buried by oceanic drift, 51
Fort Holmes, when dismantled, 64
Fort Howard, 190
Fort Niagara built, 62
Fossil fauna of the West, 199
Fossil wood, 386
Foundation of old Mackinac, 62
Fox chief Aquoqua, 171
Fox River Valley, 184
Fox Village, 169
Freshwater conchology, 188
Freshwater shells of the Fox and Wisconsin, 416
Friendship of Wawetum, 67
Friendly act of the daughter of Wabojeeg, 80
Frogs inclosed in stone, 386
Fringillia vespertina, or Schoolcraft's grosbec, 515
Further discussion of the Odjibwa substantive, 470

Galena, 174
Generalizations on the Mississippi River, 139
Geographical data of the portage from Lake Superior to the St. Croix and Chippewa Rivers, 540
Geological deductions, 300
Geological memoranda, 119
Geological monuments, 332
Geology of Mackinac, 66
Geological outlines of the Lake Superior coast, 109
Geological phenomena, 245
Geology, 261
Glacial action, 216
Globe of sandstone from a geological pocket-hole, 316
Grammatical structure of sentences in the Odjibwa, 495
Granite Point, 88
Granular gypsum in sandstone, 86
Graphic granite, 84
Gratiot's Grove, 564
Grauwackke, 111
Grauwackke of Iron River, 321
Grave of Dubuque, 174
Gray wolf, 149, 166
Great copper boulder on Lake Superior, 294
Great sand dunes, 85
Green Bay City, 191
Group of the Manatouline Islands, 74
Grosbec—new species, 515
Gypsum, 65, 313

Habits of the anas canadensis, 234
Helix, 515
Hennepin, 151
Henry Inman, 23
Herds of buffalo east of the Mississippi, 432
High value of the Lake Superior copper mines urged on Congress, 368
Highest platform mound on the Mississippi, 157
Highlands of Sauble, 310
Historical data respecting Dubuque's mines, 174
Historical data respecting the smallpox, 578
Historical facts, 150
History of Green Bay, 190
History of the Chippewas, 121
History of the Fox Indians, 175
Hochungara, or Winnebagoes, 181
Holcus fragrans, 157
Houghton's analysis of the lake copper, 527
Houghton's plants, 519
How possessives are formed in the Chippewa, 461
Human skull in the solid part of a living tree, 396
Huron coast line, 309
Huttonian theory, 405
Hystrix, 73

Ice formed on the 19th of July, 127
Illigan Lake, 264
Image stone, 231
Importance of vaccination to Indians, 581
Impression of a trilobite in quartz, 66
Indian altar, 55
Indian birch-bark letter, 433
Indian boundary, 149
Indian chief Red Thunder, 158
Indian chief Red Wing, 163
Indian corn-dance, 160
Indian council, 99
Indian council at the mouth of the Crow-wing, 267
Indian dwarf, 178
Indian language, 453
Indian myth of Itasca, stanzas on, 243
Indian oratory, 256
Indian queen, 254
Indian summer, 428
Indian superstition respecting mines, 374
Indian symbol for a man, 113
Indian term for geologist, 90
Indian trait, 151
Indian translation of an expression, 144
Indian tribes visited in 1831, 540
Indian women engage in mining, 173
Indian women gathering rice, 130
Indians turn mineralogists, 90
Inquiries respecting the history of the Indians, 438
Inter-European amalgamation, 77
Intrepid act of Gen. Cass, 80
Iron sand, 106
Irving's Lake, 230
Island of ancient Indian sepulchre, 194
Itasca Lake, 246

James Riley, 78
Jargon of the northwest, 234
John Johnston, Esq., 80
Journey from Albany to Geneva, 41
Journey in a sleigh across the Highlands, 40

Kabamappa accuses the Sioux of treachery, 548
Kaginogumaug, or Longwater Lake, 261
Kakabika Falls, 247
Kakala, its probable meaning, 187
Kalamazoo, 203
Kubba-Kunna, 234

La Hontan's apocryphal discovery on Long River, 19
Lac Plè, 263
Lac Traverse, 229
Lac Vieux Desert, 263
Lacustrine clay-flats of Lake St. Clair, 49
Lake action, 318
Lake Audrusia, 228
Lake Chetac, 543
Lake Douglass, 265
Lake drift, 323
Lake Pepin, 163, 332
Lake St. Clair, 216
Landscape of Michilimackinac, 71
Last year the bison is seen east of the Mississippi, 148
Latitude of Mackinac, 64
Lead mines at Dubuque, 168, 333
Leading events in the life of Gen. Macomb, 72
Leaf River of the Crow-wing, 266
Learn the state of the Sauc war, 269
Leech Lake, 259
Leech Lake River, 129; etymology, 129
Left Hand River, 108
Legal claim to the mine tract, 174
Length of the Mississippi, 245
Letter to Nathaniel H. Carter, Esq., 409
Level of Lake Erie above tide-water, 43
Limits of the cervus sylvestris, 515
Line of discovery above Cass Lake, 244
List of latitudes and longitudes, 289
List of quadrupeds and birds observed, 413
Little Crow chief, 157
Little Vermilion Lake, 262
Localities of minerals and rock strata, 211
Locality of freshwater shells, 167
Long Prairie River, 266
Longitudinal phenomena, 109
Lt. Col. Fowle, notice of, 168
Lupus Americanus, 56
Lyceum of Natural History, New York, extract from its annals, 532

M. Woolsey, 588
Mackinac limestone, 312
Magnesian minerals, 356
Magnitude of Lake Michigan, 202
Marquette's discovery of the Mississippi, 17
Mass of native copper, on the shores of Winnebago Lake, 185
Massachusetts Island, 105
Mean temperature at the sources of the Upper Mississippi River, 123;
- party for the ultimate discovery of this river, 123
Mean temperature of St. Peter's Valley, 154
Mean velocity of current of Mississippi River, 126
Metallic masses, 100
Metallic minerals, 340
Meteorological journal kept at Chicago, 424
Meteorology, 418
Metoswa rapids, 229
Metunna Rapids, 266
Micaceous oxide of iron, 111
Michigan—its population at various periods, 46
Michilimackinac, 57, 311
Michilimackinac first becomes a capital for the fur trade, 68;
J. J. Astor occupies it in 1816, 68
Miera, or Walk-in-the-water, 212
Milwaukie, its etymology, population, and resources, 196
Mine of Peosta, 171
Mineral character of Lake Superior, 100
Mineralogy and geology, 292
Mineralogy of the Northwest, 534
Miners' mode of classifying ore, 564
Mississippi first crossed by primary rocks, 147
Mississippi from the influx of the Missouri, 138
Mistake respecting American antiquities, 157
Mode of converting a noun to a verb in the Odjibwa, 481
Mollusks, 127
Montruille an object of pity, 131
Mozojeed, a chief of energy, 550
Mr. Monroe's message of 7th December, 1822, 363
Mr. Schoolcraft's Report on the Copper Mines of Lake Superior, 292
Mukkundwa Indians, ethnological sketch, 258
Murder of Gov. Semple, 255
Muskego River, 104
My first portage; what is "a piece," 90
Mythologic notion, 99

Naiwa rapids, 236
Native salt and native copper, 155
Native silver, and its ores, 531
Natural history, 515
Nebeesh Island and Rapids, 75
Neenaba, a partisan chief, 554
New localities of copper, 375
New seat for Hygeia and the Muses, 60
New species in conchology, 417
Nicollet's table of geographical positions, 582
Noble reply of an Algonquin chief, 63
Noble view, 83
Number in the Chippewa, 457
Number, value, &c. of the copper mines of Lake Superior, 363

Objects of governmental policy, 558
Oblations to the dead, 123
Observe the buffalo, 146
Odjibwa animate and inanimate adjectives, 490
Odjibwa compound words, 483
Odjibwa numerals, 501
Odjibwamong, 82
Offering food to the dead, 123
Official report of Gen. Cass, 280
Okunzhewug, a chieftainess, murdered, 550
Old English Copper-mining Company, 296
Old Mackinac, its date, 208
Onzig River, 84
Ores and metals, 536
Organic impressions, 313
Organization of the expedition of 1832, 223
Origin of the Indian race, 439
Ornithology, 130
Ortho-cerite limestone, 74
Ottowa Lake, 542

Pakagama Falls, 127
Palæontological rocks, 330
Palaozoic sandstone, 539
Peace Rock, 149
Pelican, 177
Perch or Assawa Lake, 362
Period of the first military occupation of old Mackinac, 64
Petrified leaf, with a sketch, 206
Pewabik River, 102
Physical Character of the Crow-wing River, 267
Physical characters of the Mississippi, 133
Pictographic device, 148
Pictographic Indian inscription, 113
Pictographic mode of communicating ideas, 430
Pictured rocks, 86
Pike's Bay, 251
Pipe-stone, or opwagunite, 155
Planorbis, 515
Planorbis companulatus, 246
Plants collected by Dr. Houghton, 519
Plastic clay of St. Clair flats, 308
Plateau of lakes and marshes, 128
Polydon, 416
Polyganum, 124
Population and statistics of Mackinac in 1820, 64
Population of Detroit in 1820, 45
Population of Leech Lake, 260
Population of Ottowas, 203
Porcupine Mountains, 91, 323
Porphyry and conglomerate boulders, 317
Portage to the sources of Crow-wing River, 260
Positive and negative forms of speech, in the Odjibwa, 497
Potatoes vegetate in pure pebbles, 62
Pouched rat, 156
Practicability of working the Superior mines of copper and iron, 370;
- advantages of transportation, 371
Preliminary incidents at Washington, 39
Preliminary Report of Exploring Expedition of 1832, 573
Primary forks of the Mississippi, 232;
country disposed in plateaux, 233
Principles of the Odjibwa noun-adjective, 489
Produce of the copper mines of the world, 379
Pseudomorphous forms, 314
Pseudostoma pinetorum, 156
Pusabika River, 102

Quartz geodes, 334
Quartzite rock, 127
Queen Anne's Lake, 280
Question of prepositions, 471

Racine, 197
Rapid glances at the geology of Western New York, 381
Rapids of the Mississippi above Sandy Lake, 125
Rattlesnake of the Wisconsin Hills, 181
Reach Detroit, after a passage of 62 hours, 44
Reach Itasca Lake, its outline, 241
Reach Lake Superior, 274
Rebus nutkanus, 129
Reciprocal death in a combat, 201
Red Banks, 194
Red jasper in quantity, 58
Red oxide of iron, 155
Red sandstone, 91
Red sandstone of Lake Superior, 316
Register of temperature in the United States, 426
Reorganization of the first expedition at Chicago, 200
Report of Dr. Houghton on the copper of Lake Superior, 526
Report of Mr. Schoolcraft to the Senate on the mineral lands of Lake Superior, 362
Residents of Chicago in 1820, 197
Return of expedition of 1820 to Detroit, 217;
summary notice of, 217
Return to Sandy Lake, 142
Returns of the Cornwall and Devon copper mines, 378
Rifle shooting, 83
Rise of waters in the lakes, 214
River St. Croix, 162
Robert de la Salle, 17
Rosa parviflora, 144
Ruins of Fort St. Joseph, built in 1795, 75
Rule of euphony in the Algonquin language, 444;
- active and passive voices, 446;
- philosophical mode of denoting number, 445