ETHNOLOGICAL RESULTS
OF THE
POINT BARROW EXPEDITION.

Map of Northwestern Alaska

Map of the hunting grounds of the Point Barrow Eskimo

Mûmûñina, a woman of Nuwŭk

Akabiana, a youth of Utkiavwiñ

Puka, a young man of Utkiavwiñ

Pipes: (a) pipe with metal bowl; (b) pipe with stone bowl; (c) pipe with bowl of antler or ivory

Pipe made of willow stick

Plans of Eskimo winter house

Interior of iglu, looking toward door

Interior of iglu, looking toward bench

Ground plan and section of winter house in Mackenzie region

Ground plan of large snow house

Tent on the beach at Utkiavwiñ

Oblong meat-dish, very old

Bone ladle in the form of a whale

Socket for blubber holder

Man in ordinary deerskin clothes

Pattern of man’s deerskin frock

Detail of trimming, skirt and shoulder of man’s frock

Man wearing plain, heavy frock

Man’s frock of mountain sheepskin, front and back

Man’s frock of ermine skins

Pattern of sheepskin frock

Woman’s frock, front and back

Detail of edging, woman’s frock

Details of trimming, woman’s frock

Man’s breeches of deerskin

Pattern of man’s breeches

Trimming of man’s breeches

Patterns of woman’s pantaloons

Man’s dress boot of deerskin

Pattern of man’s dress boot of deerskin

Man’s dress boot of skin of mountain sheep

Pair of man’s dress boots of deerskin

Woman’s waterproof sealskin boot

Sketch of “ice-creepers” on boot sole

Man’s belt woven of feathers

Diagram showing method of fastening the ends of feathers in belt

Woman’s belt of wolverine toes

Woman with ordinary tattooing

Man’s method of wearing the hair

Plug for enlarging labret hole

Labret of beads and ivory

Blue and white labret from Anderson River

Oblong labret of soapstone

Blade of slate hunting-knife

Large single-edged slate knife

Knife with whalebone blade

Large crooked knife with sheath

Crooked knives, flint-bladed

Slate-bladed crooked knives

Woman’s knife, steel blade

Woman’s knife, slate blade

Woman’s knife, slate blade

Woman’s knife, slate blade

Woman’s knife, slate blade

Woman’s ancient slate-bladed knife

Ancient bone handle for woman’s knife

Woman’s knife of flaked flint

Adz-head of jade and bone

Adz-head of bone and iron, without eyes

Adz-head of bone and iron, with vertical eyes

Adz-head of bone and iron, with vertical eyes

Hafted bone and stone adz

Small adz-blade of green jade

Hafted adz of bone and flint

Old cooper’s adz, rehafted

Spurious tool, flint blade

Whalebone shave, slate blade

Saw made of deer’s scapula

Drill mouthpiece with iron socket

Drill mouthpiece without wings

Tool-bag of wolverine skin

Tool-bag of wolverine skin

Drills belonging to the tool-bag

Comb for deerskins in the tool-bag

Slungshot made of walrus jaw

Feathering of the Eskimo arrow

Flint-headed arrow (kukĭksadlĭñ)

(a) Arrow with “after pile” (ipudligadlĭñ); (b) arrow with iron pile (savidlĭñ); (c) arrow with iron pile (savidlĭñ); (d) arrow with copper pile (savidlĭñ); (e) deer-arrow (nûtkodlĭñ)

Pile of deer arrow (nûtkăñ)

(a) Fowl arrow (tugalĭñ); (b) bird arrow (kixodwain)

Ancient point for bird dart

Bird dart with double point

Ancient bone harpoon head

(a) Ancient bone harpoon head; (b) variants of this type

Harpoon head, bone and stone

Harpoon head, bone and stone

Typical walrus-harpoon heads

Typical walrus-harpoon heads

Typical walrus-harpoon heads

Walrus-harpoon head, with “leader”

Walrus-harpoon head, with line

Walrus-harpoon head, with line

Walrus-harpoon head, with line

Foreshaft of walrus harpoon

Harpoon head for large seals

Details of retrieving seal harpoon

Jade blade for seal harpoon

Seal harpoon for thrusting

Diagram of lashing on shaft

Large model of whale harpoon

Model of whale harpoon, with floats

Flint blade for whale harpoon

Slate blade for whale harpoon

Body of whale harpoon head

Whale harpoon head with “leader”

Foreshaft of whale harpoon

Flint head of whale lance

Flint heads for whale lances

Flint head for bear lance

Part of deer lance with flint head

Flint head for deer lance

Bird bolas, looped up for carrying

Bird bolas, ready for use

Scratchers for decoying seals

Wooden snow-goggles, unusual form

Burbot hook, first pattern

Burbot hook, second pattern

Burbot hook, made of cod hook

Ivory jigger for polar cod

Flint flaker, with bone blade

Fire drill, with mouthpiece and stock

Set of bow-and-arrow tools

“Twister” for working sinew backing of bow

Skin scrapers—handles only

Peculiar modification of scraper

Flint blade for skin scraper

Combs for cleaning deer-skins

“Double slit” splice for rawhide lines

Pickax-heads of bone, ivory, and whale’s rib

Snow shovel made of a whale’s scapula

Short-handled blubber hook

Netting needles for seal net

Shuttle belonging to set of feather tools

“Sword” for feather weaving

Quill case of bone needles

(a) Large bone needle and peculiar thimble; (b) Leather thimbles with bone needles

Needle cases with belt hooks

(a) Needle case with belt hook; (b) needle case open, showing bone needles

Method of fastening together frame of kaiak

(a) Method of fastening bilge-streaks to stem of umiak; (b) method of framing rib to gunwale, etc.

Method of slinging the oar of umiak

(a) Model of umiak and paddles; (b) model of umiak, inside plan

Crotch for harpoon made of walrus jaw

(a) First round of heel-netting of snowshoe; (b) first and second round of heel-netting of snowshoe

(a) First round of heel-netting of snowshoe; (b) first, second, and third rounds of heel-netting of snowshoe

Railed sledge (diagrammatic), from photograph

Small sledge with ivory runners

Small toboggan of whalebone

Hunting score engraved on ivory

Hunting score engraved on ivory, obverse and reverse

Hunting score engraved on ivory

Hunting score engraved on ivory, obverse and reverse

Game of fox and geese from Plover Bay

Wooden mask and dancing gorget

Youth dancing to the aurora

Mechanical doll—drum-player

Mechanical toy—kaiak paddler

Kaiak carved from block of wood

Handle of drum secured to rim

Ancient carving—human head

Carving—face of Eskimo man

Grotesque soapstone image—“walrus man”

Bone image—sitting man

Human figure carved from walrus ivory

Ivory carving—three human heads

Rude human head, carved from a walrus tooth

(a) Bear carved from bone; (b) bear’s head

Rude ivory figures of walrus

Images of seal—wood and bone

White whale carved from gypsum

Wooden carving—whale

Whale carved from soapstone

Pair of little ivory whales

Soapstone image of imaginary animal

Ivory carving, seal with fish’s head

Ivory carving, ten-legged bear

Ivory carving, giant holding whales

Double-headed animal carved from antler

(a) Piece of ivory, engraved with figures; (b) development of pattern

(a) Similar engraved ivory; (b) development of pattern

Whale flaked from red jasper

Ancient whale amulet, of wood

Amulet of whaling—stuffed godwit

Amulet consisting of ancient jade adz

Little box containing amulet for whaling

Amulet for catching fowl with bolas

Box of dried bees—amulet