Bull of Pope John XXII., issued February 18, 1321, as a charter for the Medical Department of the University of Perugia.[21]
“While with deep feelings of solicitous consideration we mentally revolve how precious the gift of science is and how desirable and glorious is its possession, since through it the darkness of ignorance is put to flight and the clouds of error completely done away with so that the trained intelligence of students disposes and orders their acts and modes of life in the light of truth, we are moved by a very great desire that the study of letters in which the priceless pearl of knowledge is found should everywhere make praiseworthy progress, and should especially flourish more abundantly in such places as are considered to be more suitable and fitting for the multiplication of the seeds and salutary germs of right teaching. Whereas some time ago, Pope Clement of pious memory, our predecessor, considering the purity of faith and the excelling devotion which the city of Perugia, belonging to our Papal states, is recognized to have maintained for a long period towards the Church, wishing that these might increase from good to better in the course of time, deemed it fitting and equitable that this same city, which had been endowed by Divine Grace with the prerogatives of many special favours, should be distinguished by the granting of university powers, in order that by the goodness of God men might be raised up in the city itself pre-eminent for their learning, decreed by the Apostolic authority that a university should be situated in the city and that it should flourish there for all future time with all those faculties that may be found more fully set forth in the letter of that same predecessor aforesaid. And, whereas, we subsequently, though unworthy, having been raised to the dignity of the Apostolic primacy, are desirous to reward with a still richer gift the same city of Perugia for the proofs of its devotion by which it has proven itself worthy of the favour of the Apostolic See, by our Apostolic authority and in accordance with the council of our brother bishops, we grant to our venerable brother, the Bishop of Perugia, and to those who may be his successors in that diocese, the right of conferring on persons who are worthy of it the licence to teach (the Doctorate) in canon and civil law, according to that fixed method which is more fully described and regulated more at length in this our letter.
“Considering, therefore, that this same city, because of its convenience and its many favouring conditions, is altogether suitable for students and wishing on that account to amplify the educational concessions hitherto made because of the public benefits which we hope will flow from them, we decree by Apostolic authority that if there are any who in the course of time shall in that same university attain the goal of knowledge in medical science and the liberal arts and should ask for licence to teach in order that they may be able to train others with more freedom, that they may be examined in that university in the aforesaid medical sciences and in the arts and be decorated with the title of Master in these same faculties. We further decree that as often as any are to receive the decree of Doctor in medicine and arts, as aforesaid, they must be presented to the Bishop of Perugia, who rules the diocese at the time, or to him whom the bishop shall have appointed for this purpose, who having selected teachers of the same faculty in which the examinations are to be made, who are at that time present in the university to the number of at least four, they shall come together without any charge to the candidate and, every difficulty being removed, should diligently endeavour that the candidate be examined in science, in eloquence, in his mode of lecturing, and anything else which is required for promotion to the degree of doctor or master. With regard to those who are found worthy, their teachers should be further consulted privately, and any revelation of information obtained at such consultations as might redound to the disadvantage or injury of the consultors is strictly forbidden. If all is satisfactory the candidates should be approved and admitted and the licence to teach granted. Those who are found unfit must not be admitted to the degree of doctor, all leniency or prejudice or favour being set aside.
“In order that the said university may in the aforesaid studies of medicine and the arts so much more fully grow in strength, according as the professors who actually begin the work and teaching there are more skilful, we have decided that until four or five years have passed some professors, two at least, who have secured their degree in the medical sciences at the University of Paris, under the auspices of the Cathedral of Paris, and who shall have taught or acted as masters in the before-mentioned University of Paris, shall be selected for the duties of the masterships and the professorial chairs in the said department in the University of Perugia, and that they shall continue their work in this last-mentioned university until noteworthy progress in the formation of good students shall have been made.
“With regard to those who are to receive the degree of doctor in medical science, it must be especially observed that all those seeking the degree shall have heard lectures in all the books of this same science which are usually required to be heard by similar students at the University of Bologna or of Paris, and that this shall continue for seven years. Those, however, who have elsewhere received sufficient instruction in logic or philosophy having applied themselves to these studies for five years in the aforesaid universities, with the provision, however, that at least three years of the aforesaid five or seven year term shall have been devoted to hearing lectures in medical science in some university and according to custom, shall have been examined under duly authorized teachers and shall have, besides, read such books outside the regular course as may be required, may, with due observation of all the regulations which are demanded for the taking of degrees in Paris or Bologna, also be allowed to take the examination at Perugia.”
Abdallah, 41
Abdominal wounds, 98
Abella, 157
Abulcasis, 35, 78
Abul Farag, 33
Adalbert of Mainz, 63
Adale, 41
Ægidius, 64
Ægina, Paul of, 6, 27, 33, 138, 146, 149, 184, 186
Æginetus. See Ægina, Paul of
Ætius, 4, 28, 138, 146
Aëtius, 27
Albert the Great, 110
Albertus Magnus, 14, 18
Alcohol, 194
Alessandra Giliani, 164
Alexander of Tralles, 4, 27, 29, 146
Alexandria, 33
Ali Abbas, 35
Alphanus, 41
Anæsthesia, 100, 104, 105, 120
Anselm of Havelberg, 63
Anthemios, 5
Antiseptic surgery, 104
wine as, 101
Arabian culture, 8
surgeons, 149
Arabians, 139
Arabs, 46
Archbishop of Lyons, 63
Arculanus, 147, 150
Ardern, John, 85, 123, 127
Aretæus, 186
Argelata, Pietro d’, 125
Aristotle, 18
study of, 16
Armato, Salvino de, 152
Arnold de Villanova, 66
aphorisms of, 67
Arsenic in syphilis, 124
Artificial teeth, 142
Asepsis, 95, 101
Asylums, 191
Aue, Hartmann von der, 64
Aurelius Celsus, 26
Authorities of medieval physicians, 20
Authority, influence of, 12
Autointoxication, 83
Avenzoar, 35, 77
Averroes, 35
Avicenna, 35, 47, 76, 149
Baas, 181
Bachtischua, 7
Bacon, Roger, 14, 110
Bandages, stiffened, 123
Barber surgeons, 115
Bartholomæus Anglicus, 81
Bartholomew on causes of insanity, 192
Basil Valentine, 84
Baths, 32
for melancholia, 184
Bedlam, 188
Bedlamites, 201
Belisarius, Hospital of, 171
Benedictine convents, 159
Bernard de Gordon, 70, 72, 153
Bernard of Morlaix, 49
Bile in eye diseases, 152
Bladders of animals, 78
Bleeding, 55, 84
Blood-letting, 32
Bologna, 40
Bones, number of, 54
Bougies, 123
Branca, 106
Antonio, 107
Bruno da Longoburgo, 96
Brunschwig, Hieronymus, 135
Bubonic plague, 77
Calomel, 85
Care of the insane, 34, 183, 189
Care of the sick, 24, 25
Cassiodorus, 25
Cataract, 151
Cautery, 100, 126
Celsus, Aurelius, 26
Charter of the University of Perugia, 212
Chauliac, Guy de, 11, 66, 71, 72, 105, 109, 118, 123, 139, 140, 153, 167
Christian hospitals, 24
Cleanliness, 95
Clyster apparatus, 127
Cold compresses, 30
Compilation, 3
Constantine, 36, 45
Contrecoup, 92
Convents, Benedictine, 159
Corbeil, Gilles de, 64
Cosmetics, 77
Crusades, 89, 181
Dental instruments, 143
Dentistry, 138
Depressed fractures, 93
De Renzi, 37, 41, 44, 45, 47, 76, 155, 156
Diabolic possession, 195, 196
Diet, 31, 36
for melancholies, 185
Dioscorides, 26
Dioscoros, 5
Diphtheria, 27, 128
Diseases of nervous system, 30
of women, 156
Drainage, 97
tubes, 125
Duke, Robert, 46
Duns Scotus, 110
Dura mater, infection of, 93
Ebers Papyrus, 137
Education, characters of medieval, 12
Elias, 41
Elinus, 41
English, King of the, 40
Epileptic conditions, 30
Exorcism, 195
Eye diseases, bile in, 152
wash, urine of infants as, 152
Fabiola, Hospital of, 171
Fee, law as to, 44
Fever, 32
Filaria medinensis, 77
Fistulæ, 100
Fistulas, 127
Four masters of Salerno, 47, 91
Fracture of the skull, 91
of the thigh, extension in, 123
Fractures of the skull, 94
depressed, 93
Frederick II., 42
law of, 43, 206
Gaddesden, John of, 70, 119
Galen, 18, 19, 26, 47, 72, 116
Gariopontus, 41
Gerssdorff, Hans von, 135
Gilbert, 69
Giovanni of Arcoli, 143
Glaucoma, 152
Gonorrhœa, 123
Gregory, Major, 189
of Tours, 181
Guarna, Rebecca, 157
Guerini, 142, 143
Guido of Montpellier, 64
Gurlt, 9, 47, 69, 90, 93, 95, 96, 99, 106, 110, 113, 121, 146, 156
Guy de Chauliac. See Chauliac
Guy of Montpellier. See Montpellier
Hæmoptysis, 30
Hangman’s rope, 28
Hare-lip, 134
Hartmann von der Aue, 64
Headache, 30
Hemicrania, 30
Herbs, 26
Hernia, 68
operations too frequent, 122
radical cure of, 121
reduction of, 122
Hernias, 99
Herodotus, 137
Hippocrates, 26, 47
Holy Ghost Hospital, 172
Hospital, 64, 65
at Lübeck, 178
for lunatics, 187
of Bedlam, 188
of Belisarius, 171
of Fabiola, 171
of Pope Symmachus, 171
of St. Basil, 170
of St. Jean, 178
of Tonnerre, 176
Hospitals, 169
Christian, 24
for lepers, 181
of the Holy Ghost, 172
royal, 174
Hotel Dieu, 188
“Hudibras,” 107
Hugh of Lucca, 96, 104
Humours, 54
Hymns, Latin, 48
Hysteria, 34
Indian surgeons, 106
Infection of dura mater, 93
Infirmaries in monasteries, 24
Inhalations, steam, 29
Insane, care of the, 34, 183, 189
Insanity, 194
lash for, 198
Intestine, suture of, 134
Intestines, wounds of, 99
Italy the postgraduate medical centre, 118
John of Salisbury, 64
of Gaddesden, 70, 119
King of the English, 49
Laceration of the middle meningeal artery, 92
Lanfranc, 11, 80, 96, 110
Lash for insanity, 198
Latin hymns, 48
Law as to fee, 44
of Frederick II., 43, 206
Lepers, hospitals for, 181
Ligatures, 125
“Lilium Medicinæ,” 73
Linear cicatrices, 101
Lister, Lord, 103
Louis IX., 110
Lübeck, hospital at, 178
Lunatics, hospital for, 187
Lucca, Hugh of, 96, 104
Lyons, Archbishop of, 63
Manzolini, Madame, 165
Mad dog, 68, 80
Magnetism, 15
Maimonides, 35, 79
Medical oath, 44
schools at universities, 74
superstitions, 22
Medici, 164
Medicine and surgery, relations of, 115
popular, 22
Medieval education, characters of, 12
medicine, periods of, 21
textbooks, 88
Melancholics, diet for, 185
Mental defectives, colonies for, 202
Meningeal artery, laceration of, 92
Mercuriade, 157
Mercury, use of, 123
Mesue, 47
Methrodoros, 5
Metrorrhagia, 33
Middle Ages, limits of, vii
Milk, 29, 52
bath, 78
Monasteries, infirmaries in, 24
Mondeville, Henri de, 11, 66, 114, 116
Mondino, 96, 164
Monte Cassino, 39
Montpellier, Guy de, 10, 61, 173
Moorish physicians, 62
Morbus Gallicus, 124
Morley, Henry, 17
Morgagni, 84
Muratori, 76
Nasal cautery, 148
polypi, 147
speculum, 149
Nature study, 13
Needling for cataract, 151
Nefretykes, 85
Nerve suture, 113
Nervous system, 30
Nicaise, 166
Nose, surgery of the, 106
Number of bones, 54
of veins, 54
Nurses, order of, 180
Nutrition per rectum, 77
Oath, medical, 44
Œsophagus tube, 123
Ophthalmology, 151
Opium, 29
Order of nurses, 180
Ordronaux, 47, 50
Oribasius, 28
Orthodontia, 139
Pagel, 56, 127, 194
Pammachius, 171
Paris, 40, 110
Passavant, Jean, 111
Paul of Ægina, 6, 27, 33, 138, 146
Peregrinus, 15
Perineum, rupture of, 157
Perugia, Charter of the University, 212
Pfolspeundt, Heinrich von, 133, 134
Physician, conduct of the, 58
Physicians, Moorish, 62
Pitard, Jean, 114
Plague, bubonic, 77
Plastic surgery, 106, 134
Polypi, nasal, 147
Pontus, 41
Pope Symmachus, Hospital of, 171
Popular medicine, 22
Power, D’Arcy, 127
Psycho-analysis, 196
Pure drug law, 43
Pus, 103
Puschmann, 56
Putrefaction, 97
Rabies, 81, 128
Rectal feeding, 78
surgery, 127
Red light treatment, 70, 82
Regimen, 48, 49
sanitatis, 47
Renal disease, 85
Rhazes, 35, 148
Roger, 42, 56, 70, 90, 103
Roland, 56, 103
Rolando, 91
Roman medicine, origin of, 2
“Rosa Anglica,” 70
Rupture of the perineum, 157
St. Basil, Hospital of, 170
St. Benedict, 24
St. Bernard, 63
of Clairvaux, 161
St. Hildegarde, 160
St. Jean, Hospital of, 178
Saintsbury, Professor, 48
Salerno, 7, 37, 75, 155
curriculum at, 38
Salerno, school of, 57
Salicet, William of, 96, 105
Salisbury, John of, 64
Salvino de Armato, 152
Santa Sophia, architect of, 5
School of Salerno, 57
Scotus, Duns, 40
Sects in surgery, 116
Sick, care of the, 24, 25
Skin of the snake, 28
Skull, fractures of, 91, 94
opening the, 92
Smallpox, 35, 70
Snake, skin of, 28
Sore throat, 31
Spectacles, 73, 152
Steam inhalations, 29
Stiffened bandages, 123
Students, 65
Superstitions, medical, 22
Surgeon, training of, 117
Surgeons, Arabian, 140
barber, 11
Indian, 106
temperance in, 97
Surgery, antiseptic, 104
of the nose, 106
plastic, 106, 134
rectal, 127
sects in, 116
Surgical specialities, 136
Syphilis, 123
arsenic treatment of, 124
Tagliacozzi, 107
Taranta, Valesco de, 71
Tartar, removal of, 141
Teeth, artificial, 142
cleaning of, 140
filling of, 145
preservation of, 139, 144
straightening of, 139
Temperaments, 54
Temperance in surgeons, 97
Testicle excision in hernia operations, 121
Tetanus, 130
Textbooks, medieval, 88
Theodoric, 70, 96, 102, 113
Therapeutics, 23
Thigh, fracture of, 123
Thomas Aquinas, 110
Thyroid gland, 28
Tonnerre, Hospital of, 176
Tooth-powder, 140
Tracheotomy, 147, 150
Trallianus, 4
Trephining, 93, 94
Trichiasis, 153
Trotula, 155
Truss, 73, 122
Union by first intention, 100
Universities, medical schools at, 74
Urine of infants as eye-wash, 152
Use of mercury, 123
Uvula, affections of the, 150
Valentine, Basil, 84
Valesco de Taranta, 71
Veins, number of, 54
Vicious sexual habits, 28
Vigo, John de, 145
Viollet le Duc, 176
Virchow, 171, 174, 181
William of Salicet, 96, 105
Wine as antiseptic, 101
Women, diseases of, 156
in medicine, 10
physicians, 166
professors, 155
students, 155
Wood dogge, 129
Wood-hound, 193
Wounds, abdominal, 98
dry treatment of, 125
of intestines, 99
treatment of, 98
Yperman, 123, 131