126, 158

Joint Stock Companies, 399;
incorporation of, 427

Journeymen, yeomen, servants 113, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 280, 285, 286, 297-299, 305, 310, 311, 325-332, 334-336, 341, 344, 345, 349, 350, 499n., 547-551, 588, 589;
associations of, 138-141, 280, 297-299, 307-312;
do., common fund of, 298, 299, 301;
combinations of (see Combinations);
disciplinary rules as to, 113, 137, 140, 141, 345;
disputes between masters and, 137, 138-141, 196
(see also Labour disputes);
petitions of, to House of Commons, 500;
proportion of, to apprentices, fixed, 332, 550, 551, 573, 574;
wages of, effect of fall in value of money on, 405;
do., regulation of (see Wages);
(see also Agricultural Labourers, Calico Printers, Feltmakers, Tailors, Weavers, Woolcombers)

Justice, administration of royal and feudal, 19, 20, 36n., 39
(see also King's Bench)

Justices, 105, 106, 109, 110, 128, 155, 170, 183, 229

Justices of assize, 26, 55, 90, 93-96, 285, 297, 340, 343, 391, 429, 430, 622

Justices of the Bench, 75, 176, 285

Justices of the Jews, 46, 47, 48, 50

Justices of the Peace, administration of Statutes of Labourers and Artificers by, 172, 173, 176, 178, 231, 326, 329, 333, 352, 353, 356, 577;
attacked in the Peasants' Revolt, 106, 107;
inspection of factories by, 572, 573;
intervention in industrial disputes by, 569, 570, 576, 623, 631;
regulation of apprenticeship by, 332, 333, 344, 352;
regulation of cloth industry by, 318, 340, 343, 358, 359;
regulation of export of corn by, 429, 430;
regulation of markets and prices by, 368, 373-380, 385, 386, 388, 389, 391-396;
regulation of poor relief by, 364, 372, 380, 564, 646;
regulation and assessment of wages by, 314, 315, 316, 324, 328, 329, 341-343, 345, 351, 352, 353, 356, 359, 361, 546-551, 554, 558, 565, 566, 577, 624n., 631, 632;
returns to Privy Council made by, on enclosure, 275;
do., on the cloth industry, 318;
do., on scarcity of corn, 373-374
(see also Quarter Sessions)

Justiciar, 36


Ket's Rebellion, 247

King's Bench, 623

Knight service (see Feudal)

Knighthood, respite from, 39

Knights, 87

Knight's Fees (see Feudal)


Labour, cheap, deprecated, 589;
Child and Woman (see Child labour, Women);
disputes, arbitration in, 544, 568-571, 617, 630 (see also Combinations, Craft-gilds, Journeymen);
hours of, 630, 637;
do., in agriculture 327;
do., in factories, 503, 510-516, 591-593, 594, 595, 599-614;
do., in mines, 516-519

Labour, movement of, 164-166, 172-177, 314;
effect of Poor Laws on, 561;
effect of enclosure on, 532

Labourers, Ordinance of (1349), 164;
Statutes of (see Statutes)

Land, alienation of, without licence, 30;
do., fines for, 670;
disseisins of, 38, 88, 89, 93, 96, 97;
extents of, 40;
limitation of purchase of, by merchants, husbandmen and artificers, 324;
low rents of, in eighteenth century, 509;
measures of:—
acres, passim;
bovates, 66, 67, 68, 69, 92;
carucates, 16, 32, 33;
fardels, 24;
hides, 9, 15, 16, 17, 28, 29, 32, 54;
league, 16, 17;
ploughlands, 32;
roods, passim;
selions, 61;
virgates, 13, 23, 27, 28, 29, 54, 59, 60, 61, 62, 84, 95, 246, 247;
ownership of, as qualification for apprenticeship, 330;
pledged to Jews, 48, 49;
speculation in, 229, 251, 259;
waste committed in, by escheators, 40;
(see also Agriculture, Enclosures, Feudal, Manor)

Landowners, competition of manufacturing interest with, 600, 668, 694, 710

Lastage, 24, 119, 122, 124, 127

Laud, agrarian policy of, 276, 277

Law Merchant, 130, 210, 213, 214

Leasehold, 55, 87, 228, 530, 539;
(see also Copyhold, Customary holdings, Manor)

Leyrwite, 71, 84

Linen manufacture, in Ireland, establishment of, 471

Local Government Board, 646

London, craft-gilds and companies of (see Craft-gilds);
mercantile interest concentrated in, 443;
merchant gild of, 127;
regulation of entry into companies in, 309;
regulation of usury in, 200

Lords, mesne, 36


Machinery, accidents to children, in cleaning, 512, 609;
Arkwright's and Watt's inventions, 582;
discouraged by Tudors, 321, 442, 544;
effect of, on industry, 480;
introduction and development of, 505-510;
regulations for cleaning, 612

Magna Carta, 20, 22, 31n., 36n., 152

Manor, the Saxon, 3, 4, 5-9;
in Domesday Book, 9, 16, 17;
documents illustrating, 3-9, 16, 17, 53-102, 155, 158, 232-255, 258;
the king's, alienation of, 36;
common fields in (see Common Fields);
courts, 20, 22, 36n., 54, 89;
do., proceedings before, 65-75, 95, 232;
do., pleas and perquisites of, 65, 80, 81;
court rolls, 54, 55, 85, 234-236, 238-240, 259, 527;
do., extracts from, 65-75;
custom and customs of, 54, 66-75, 228, 229, 232-235, 238-244, 254-259 (see also Cartbote, Firebote, Gatebote, Hedgebote, Housebote, Pannage, Ploughbote);
do., breach of, by lords, 241, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 258, 259;
do., repudiated by tenants, 108;
do., touching inheritance, 243;
do., touching widows, 234;
do., grass-swine, 5 (see also Pannage);
do., leph, 58;
customaries, 56, 232, 314;
customary services in, 24, 54, 57-61, 64, 80-82, 84, 85, 90-93, 96, 241, 246;
do., commutation of, for rent, 21, 27, 28, 55, 60-62, 85;
do., boon-works, 6, 7, 85, 92;
do., castle-guard, 248;
do., heriots (see Heriots);
do., of being crier in the lord's court, 244;
do., of serving with horses against the Scots, 254;
do., reliefs (see Reliefs);
do., suit of court, 70, 242;
demesne lands of (see Demesne);
extent of, 56;
fines, gersoms, and forfeitures in, 17, 232;
do., for entry, 80, 242, 247;
do., enhancement of, 254;
do., for offences, 66-75;
do., for marriage, 80, 90, 92, 93, 96, 241, 243 (see also Merchet);
do., for waste committed, 242, 243;
grant of, to customary tenants, at fee farm, 81;
leases of, to farmers, 55, 85, 91, 245, 246;
do., to tenants, 55, 79, 91;
lords of, 5-9, 21, 37, 66-76, 90-100, 161, 228, 232, 235-246, 248-255, 259, 541;
do., grant of liberties to, 156;
officers of, 3, 5-8;
bailiffs, 36, 57, 58, 65, 72, 80, 81, 82, 95, 233, 250;
hayward, 8, 79;
radman, 17;
reeves, 5, 9, 17, 32, 80;
do., complaints against, 84;
serjeant, 81;
stewards, 32, 37, 70, 74, 172, 173, 232, 233, 243, 259, 340, 526;
woodward, 8;
rents, 5-9, 23, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 79, 86, 92;
do., decay of, 83;
do., enhanced, 252, 253;
rents of assize, 60, 63;
social and economic development of, 53, 54, 227-230;
stock, 6-8, 16, 17, 57, 58, 61, 77-81;
strips, 8, 9, 22;
tenants, 3, 21, 54, 55, 57 (see also Bordiers, Copyholders, Cotters,Customary tenants,Forelanders, Freeholders, Freemen, Gebur, Geneat, Serfs, Sokemen, Villeins);
do., marriage of, 65;
sub-tenants, 64;
waste (see Commons)

Markets, 14, 58, 69, 111, 257, 340;
customs in, 129;
for corn, 488-491;
for woollen goods, 484, 485, 493;
granted to the lord of a manor, 157, 158;
organisation of, in eighteenth century, 479, 487-491;
regulation of, by justices of the peace, 364, 365, 367, 374-378, 385, 386, 388, 389, 391-396;
do., by towns, 280, 283, 296;
sale and purchase by samples in, 490, 491

Market towns, 34, 166, 209, 210, 213, 260, 321, 322, 331
(see also Boroughs)

Marque and Reprisals, letters of, 190

Mercantile System, 397, 398, 399

Mercantile Companies (see Companies)

Mercantile Theory, 220-222, 420;
expounded, 407-416

Merchants (see Aliens, Companies, Corn, Gilds, Middlemen, Staple, Wool)

Merchet, 71, 93
(see also Manor, fines for marriage)

Middlemen, 479;
corn badgers, 365, 375-7, 385, 386;
corn factors, 487-491;
mealmen, 487, 488, 491;
wool-merchants, 354, 355 (see also Staple);
in woollen industry, 492-495;
yarn-jobbers 336, 340, 341

Milan Decrees, 692

Mills, 9, 11, 16, 79;
fulling, 483;
tucking, 321
(see also Factories, Gigmills)

Miners, 326, 389