Acts of Parliament (see Statutes)

Administration, central (see Chancery, Commissions, Councils, Crown, Exchequer, House of Commons, Parliament, Statutes);
local (see Boroughs, County Courts, Hundreds, Justices, Parishes, Sheriffs)

Agrarian changes, in Middle Ages, 53, 54, 83, 85-87;
in Tudor and Stuart periods, 227, 228, 234-277;
in 18th and 19th centuries, 523, 524, 525-542, 552

Agriculture, advantages of large scale, 530, 531;
capitalist, 228;
depression of, in 16th century, 407-412;
effect of Corn Laws on, 692-698 (see also Corn Laws);
encouragement of, by Tudor and Stuart monarchy, 229, 260-277, 428-430;
improvements in, effected in 18th century, 523, 526, 530, 531, 532-536;
manorial, 3-9, 16, 17, 53-110, 227-277;
do., developments in, 53, 54, 83, 85-87;
provision for harvest labour, 78, 173, 328, 329, 347, 648;
reaction of commerce and industry on, 582, 697;
state of, in 18th and 19th centuries, 523-542
(see also Arable, Commons, Common Fields, Depopulation, Enclosures, Land, Manor, Pasture, Smallholders)

Agriculture, Board of, surveys of, 524, 532-536

Agricultural houses and buildings, decay and restoration of, 267, 268, 272, 275, 276, 324, 392, 536, 567

Agricultural labourers, 7, 8, 62-64, 78, 164, 165, 170, 171-174,176-178, 324, 353, 355, 408;
apprenticeship of, 324, 325, 330, 388;
combinations of, 55, 105-110, 552, 553, 638-640;
condition of, in 19th century, 695, 696;
hiring of, 164-168, 170-174, 176-178;
housing of, 567;
regulation of conditions of service of, 171-178, 325-333, 352, 360, 361;
regulation of hours of, 327;
regulation of wages of, 173, 177, 328, 329, 342, 343, 346, 347, 351, 353, 360, 361, 405, 546, 547, 552-554;
restrictions of, as to apprenticeship to crafts, 174, 361

Alehouses, taverns, 378, 473, 536;
increase of, in 18th century, 489;
meeting of journeymen associations in, 624;
patent for licensing of, 442;
payment of wages in, prohibited, 599

Aliens, burgesses of English towns, 27, 28n;
jealousy of, 153, 186, 199, 200

Alien craftsmen, imported into Ireland, 471;
in London, 195-197, 199

Alien merchants, 127, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 189, 192-195, 197-199, 420;
admitted to a London company, 309;
arrest of goods of, 189, 190;
customs granted by, 208-216;
freedom of trade granted to, 127, 152, 209, 212;
of Almain, 194;
of Flanders, 193, 194;
of France, 192, 193;
of Italy, 43, 127, 199, 420-424

Almshouses, 483

Anti-Corn-Law League, foundation of, 701.

Anti-Slavery Society, 593

Apprentices, 113, 136, 138, 141, 142, 143, 147, 231, 282, 283, 295, 296, 300, 305, 307, 324-326, 330-334, 341, 344, 345, 348, 353, 356, 361, 437, 444, 455, 499, 500;
disciplinary rules touching, 113, 147, 345;
in factories, 571, 572;
fees exacted from, 284-286;
limitation of numbers of, in textile industry, 322;
oaths exacted from by masters, 285, 286;
pauper, 381, 505;
proportion of, to journeymen, regulations as to, 332, 550, 551, 573, 574;
runaway, 148;
unindentured, 353

Apprenticeship, 138, 174, 314, 479, 499, 500, 588, 589;
custom of London as to, 330;
debates in House of Commons on, 577-588;
effect of compulsory, on marriage, 322, 323n, 344;
enactment as to age of ending, 323, 344;
enforcement of statute as to, 386;
evasion of, by a company, 310;
fees on entering and leaving, 280;
half-pay, 590;
indentures of, 113, 147, 295;
municipal regulation of, 295, 305-307;
of agricultural labourers, 325, 330, 388;
to crafts, restricted, 174, 361;
of pauper children, 381, 388, 504, 652;
to woollen industry, 499, 500

Approvers, criminal, 39

Arable land, conversion of, to pasture, 55, 260-277, 392, 407, 408, 409;
enclosure of (see Enclosure);
on a 14th century manor, 56

Artificers, Statute of (see Statutes)

Assarts, 89

Assizes, 88, 89, 93, 97;
grand, 95;
of bread and ale, 37, 80, 117, 118, 133, 152, 155, 156, 388;
of cloth, 152, 154, 155, 319;
suspension of, 319, 320;
of mort d'ancestor, 94;
of novel disseisin, 88, 89, 93, 94, 96, 97n;
of weights and measures, 152, 154, 377, 388;
of wine, 152


Ball, John, and the Peasants' Revolt, 109

Bankers and Banking, 398, 420

Bankrupts, 474

Banks, 506;
country, 681

Bank of England, 667;
foundation of, 668, 676;
suspension of cash payments by, 681

Bee-keeping, 7

Beer, patent for export of, 442

Beggars, 166, 174, 175, 176, 324, 388, 483;
licensing of, 363, 364, 366 (see also Poor, Vagrants)

Berlin Decrees, effect of, on commerce, 690, 692

Black Death, the, 54, 55, 65n, 102, 103, 104, 105, 164

Blackwell Hall, the London cloth market, 440, 460, 492-495

Bondage land (see Villeinage)

Bondmen (see Villeins)

Bordiers, 16, 17;
in boroughs, 12, 13

Boroughs and towns, 10-25, 279-312;
in Domesday Book, 4;
affiliation of, 112, 124;
assessment of wages by, 315;
bakehouses in, 13;
bondmen received in, 121, 125;
charters to (see Charters);
charters to, confiscated 257;
courts in, 12, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125, 129, 131, 132;
crimes in, fines and forfeitures for, 14, 15;
customs in, 10-14;
bequest of burgages, 117;
cannemol, 133;
gyeresyeve, 120;
scotale, 120;
decay of, alleged, 180, 425;
election of officers in, 118, 120, 121, 257;
exclusiveness of, 118;
farmers of, 131;
farms of, 10-14, 37, 119, 123, 292;
fines, gersums, in, 12;
gildhalls in, 4, 10, 129, 137, 141, 142, 144;
hansing-silver exacted in, 128;
hosting in, 160;
hosting of aliens in, 197-199, 209, 212, 213;
housecarles in, 14;
hue and cry in, 160;
Jewries in, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50;
the king's, tallage assessed on, 35;
king's demesne in, 13;
lords of, 32;
lords of, disputes with and complaints against, 123, 128, 131;
mayors and bailiffs of, 32, 48, 118, 121, 122, 130, 132, 136-145, 147, 157, 160, 165, 166, 172-175, 181, 189, 192, 195, 200-202, 206, 214, 216, 231, 282-284, 294-297, 299, 303, 309, 327-329, 332, 333, 340, 366, 367, 370-372;
origin of, 111;
reeves of, 10, 32, 155;
rents in, 10, 13, 14, 15;
rents in, enhancement of, 521;
sanitary conditions in, in nineteenth century, 519, 520;
do, recommendations for improvement of, 614-616;
stewards of, 117, 118;
supervision of strangers in, 160;
watch and ward in, 160, 389
(see also Market Towns)

Borough tolls, 10, 112, 119-123, 125-127, 131-135, 212, 282;
disputes touching, 121, 126;
exemption from, 119, 120, 121, 124, 126, 127;
exemption of Jews from, 45;
intermunicipal agreement on, 126
(see also Lastage, Murage, Passage, Pavage, Pesage, Pontage, Stallage)

Bracton, quotations from, 75n., 97n., 126

Bracton's Note Book, 88-90, 92, 93, 95-97

Brewers, Stuart patent for licensing, 473

Bridewells, 370, 371
(see also Houses of Correction, Workhouses)

Brokerage, 422, 423

Bullion, export of, 203, 216-223, 398, 416, 419, 420, 668, 671, 672;
free coinage of, at the Mint, 674
(see also Currency, Mint).

Burgage tenure, 117


Cabots, the, 400-402

Calico-printers, journeymen, grievances of, 573-576

Capital, discussion on employment of, in factories, 606, 607

Capitalism, Disraeli's protest against domination of, 710, 711;
growth of, 668;
in textile industries, 314, 315, 317, 320-322;
in agriculture, 228

Capitalists, 561;
mercantile, 280

Cartbote, 242

Cecil, Lord, industrial programme of, 323-324

Chancery, court of, 106, 146, 150, 236;
appeals to, by an alleged villein, 100;
by copyholders, 85, 234, 241;
by a craftsman, 148, 199;
by a woolmerchant, 186;
touching usury, 201;
certifications into, 328;
equitable jurisdiction of, 87, 148n., 228;
original writs of, 48;
patents to make writs and file bills in, 441, 442;
protection of customary tenure in, 87n., 228, 235, 241

Chantries, 286-293

Charters, 152, 153;
of Henry II., 45, 124, 308;
of Richard I., 125;
of John, 44, 121, 122, 124, 126, 158;
of Henry III., 119, 124, 126, 127, 192;
of Edward I., 158, 164, 208, 211;