Transcriber's note: | A few typographical errors have been corrected. They appear in the text like this, and the explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked passage.

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.

No. 172. | Saturday, February 12. 1853. | Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.

CONTENTS.

Notes:— | Page
Italian English | 149
St. Nicholas Church, Brighton | 150
Key to Dibdin's Bibliomania | 151
Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple | 151
Antiquity of the Polka: a Note for the Ladies | 152
Seven Score Superstitious Sayings, by J. Westby Gibson | 152
Minor Notes:—Mormon Etymologies—Bandalore and Tommy Moore—Electric Clock—Desirable Reprints—The Earldom of Oxford—Literary Attainments of the Scottish Clergy in the Seventeenth Century | 153
Queries:—
Queries as to Mr. Collier's "Notes and Emendations" | 153
Hone's "History of Parody," by James B. Murdoch | 154
The Countess of Pembroke's Letter to Sir Joseph Williamson | 154

Minor Queries:—Mediæval Parchment—"Mater ait natæ"—Fox of Whittlebury Forest—Names and Numbers of British Regiments—Daughters of St. Mark—Kentish Fire—Optical Phenomenon—Cardinal Bentivoglio's Description of England—Remarkable Signs—Old Fable—Tide Tables—Passage in Ovid—Roger Pele, Abbot of Furness—Curtseys and Bows—Historical Proverb—Bishop Patrick's "Parable of a Pilgrim"—Dr. Parr's Dedications—"Königl. Schwedischer in Teutschland geführter Krieg"—"Officium Birgittinum Anglice"—Campbell's Hymn on the Nativity
155

Minor Queries with Answers:—"When Our Lord falls in Our Lady's Lap"—Hobnail-counting in the Court of Exchequer—A Race for Canterbury—Nose of Wax—"Praise from Sir Hubert Stanley!"—Rosary | 157
Replies:—
The Rod: a Poem | 158
The Dutch East-India Company | 159
"Its," by Thomas Keightley | 160
Commencement of the Year | 161
"Penardo and Laissa" | 161
Robin Hood, by John D'Alton and J. Lewelyn Curtis | 162
Photographic Notes and Queries:—Originator of Collodion Process—The Soiling of the Fingers—Sir W. Newton's Process: Chloride of Bromium—The Collodion Process—Portable Camera | 162

Replies to Minor Queries:—Chaplains to Noblemen—Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger—Brydone the Tourist—Yankee—Miniature Ring of Charles I.—Bishop of Ossory: Cardinal's Hat—Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter—"sic transit gloria mundi"—Wake—"Words given to Man to conceal his Thoughts"—Inscription on Penny of George III.—"Nine Tailors make a Man"—On Quotations—Rhymes on Places—Coins in Foundations—Fleshed, Meaning of—Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh—Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting—Furmety or Frumenty—Etymology of Pearl, &c.
163

Miscellaneous:—
Notes on Books, &c. | 168
Books and Odd Volumes wanted | 168
Notices to Correspondents | 169
Advertisements | 169

Notes.

ITALIAN ENGLISH.

I have been favoured by a friend, who visited Italy last year, with the perusal of a small guidebook, which has afforded me much amusement, and from which I send you a few extracts for the gratification of your readers. The title runs thus:

"Description of the front and interior of the Cathedral of Milan the first edition corrected, and increased with interesting things Milan by the printer Luigi di Giacomo Pirola M.DCCC.XLVI."

The Preface is as follows:

"In presenting to the learned and intelligent Publick this new and brief Description of the Cathedral of Milan, i must apprise that i do not mean to emulate with the works already existing of infinite merit for the notions they contain, and the perspicuity with which they are exposed. My idea only was to make an extract of them, not forgetting the principal things of observation, with the names of the most distinguished artists, and not to deprive them of all the digressions and explanations required by the Scientificals, or those skilled in the art, so that it might be contained in a Pamphlet, and of little expence, to be offered to the amateurs of fine arts, who come to visit this unique and magnificent Edifice. Therefore i have not failed to include in it, all that has been done subsequently to the publishment of the above works, with some other little trifles worthy to be seen, and in them not mentioned. Such has been my sole design, no other pretention has induced me to it, and with a similar premise, i hope to be pardoned by the indulgent Reader for all the errors in which i might have involuntarily incurred.

G. P."

In the introductory portion, giving a general account of the building, "G. P." says:

"Under the direction of honest, intelligent and active Administrators, and by the pious munificence of our Gracious Sovereign, who bestowes an annual generous donation for completing the building of the Cathedral of Milan, one perceives tending with the greatest celerity to the perfection of this magnificent Edifice, founded by a special vow in 1386 by the duke of Milan Giovanni Galeazzo Visconti. It is of fine white statuary marble, extracted from the quarry of mount Gandolia, which among many gifts was expressly regaled for the building by its generous founder the duke Visconti above mentioned."

In describing the "fore-front" he gives a catalogue of the "bass-riliefs," from which a few extracts are made:

"1st. the Tobiolo assisted by the Angel in his jounrey to Rages, ... the second is the Angel that expells Adam and Eve from the Eden, by Carlo Maria Giudici. The two in the second order are: Daniel in the lake of the lions by the above Carabelli, and Job on the dunghill, by the above Giudici. The two upper Statues that figure Saint Bartholomew and Saint James Junior, are works by Buzzi Donelli and Buzzi Giuseppe. The Bass-Riliefs that follow aside of the Pilaster is God appearing to Moses in the ardent-brambles.... Over the great windout the Bass-Rilief representing Samuel while he oints Saul king of Israel is by Carlo Maria Giudici, and Angelo Pizzi a milanese, carved the vision of Jacob on the side of the following Pilaster. In sight of the same Moses who makes the water gush from the mountain is by Giuseppe Buzzi, and the other Bass-Rilief that is placed above, represents the prophet Elia presenting to the afflicted mother the resurrection of her Son, by Grazioso Rusca. By Canaillo Pacetti is the Statue of Saint James senior.... The Bass-Rilief over the great window represents the prophetess Debora providing captain Barach with arms.... Ornamented is the rest of the front with a great number of Statues managed with skill by intelligent Authors, and aside of the door are the Apostles Peter and Paul of ancient work and unknown Author ... as also of unknown chisel is Saul who tempts to kill David.... The Angel who assures Sampson's Father that his Wife, believed to be sterile, will generate the strongest of Israel's sons.... On reaching the fourth door one perceives in the frontispiece the Bass-Rilief that adorns it, which is by Lasagni; representing Givele that with a nail kills captain Sisara.... Esaù renouncing the primogeniture to his brother Jacob.... Over the great window is painted Agar dying with thirst, with the son of Ismael in the desert, while an Angel appears indicating a fountain to her.... The first of the other four Bass-Riliefs in view figure Gedeone preparing to fight the Madianites, and the second Sampson suffocating the lion.... The Saints Philip and Thomas placed upwards are by the egregious Pompeo Marchesi ... the second is by Ribossi, representing Absatom suspended by his hair to a tree and pierced through by Jacob."

In describing the interior, "G. P." is rather more instructive, but not quite so entertaining: however, a number of the peculiar expressions already quoted are repeated with the same confiding simplicity. A few extracts will suffice for this portion:

"The ornaments of the five doors are the designment of Fabio Mangone, ... the surprising vault a chiaro-scuro, drawn and painted in part by our milanese Felice Alberti, who in the year 1827 was ravished from the living by a fatal misfortune in the flower of his age ... in the inward columns on both sides are two very fine Statues sitting in a very melancholy action, which represent military Peace and Virtue ... under the tomb-stone is another small and genteel Bass-Rilief representing the Saviour afflicted, sustained by two little Angels.... The Altar of Santa Tecla, which is part of the left arm of the cross, or form of the Church, as is mentioned above, representing the Saint in a seraglio of wild beasts, is by the Sculptor Carlo Beretta."

Lest I should have exhausted your patience, as well as that of your readers, I will close with one more quotation, which displays what Mrs. Malaprop calls "a nice derangement of epitaphs:"

"The last altar that was seen not long since on this side was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, whose image carved in wood dated a remote antiquity, but as to the remnant nothing was found to be appreciable in sort of art."

A. R. X.

Paisley.

ST. NICHOLAS CHURCH, BRIGHTON.

In matters touching the public weal, the Editor of "N. & Q." always finds space for his correspondents: a few lines are asked for the present subject, as being one on which his pages have already been earnestly devoted.

The rebuilding of Brighton old church has been announced, and those who have frequented the salubrious breezes of that unequalled marine residence have often enjoyed the commanding view of the town and noble sea, which is obtained from the hill on which this venerable fabric stands, and which is about to disappear and perhaps "leave not a wreck behind."

The church is literally lined and flagged with monuments of the dead, more or less noted; but all of whom have passed through the stage of this life away from their native localities, and many falling where they went to seek in vain renovated health.

The tombs in the churchyard, immediately adjoining the church, of Capt. Tettersell, who conveyed King Charles to France after the battle of Worcester; and Phœbe Hassell, who fought under the Duke of Cumberland at Fontenoy, are continually surveyed by the old visitors. In a few months it may be too late to suggest to your friends interested in the preservation of monumental remains, and their inscriptions, to prevent such a similar removal and destruction as has taken place at Lambeth, under the walls of the Archbishop's residence, by the rector, church-wardens, and architects of Lambeth new church.

A notice to those interested in the history of the county of Sussex may be the means of preserving at least the inscriptions, and calling attention of the amiable and respected vicar of Brighton to a consideration of the subject.

K. N.

KEY TO DIBDIN'S BIBLIOMANIA.

The following key to the characters in the Bibliomania (edit. 1811) has been collected with care, and will no doubt prove acceptable to some of the readers of "N. & Q.":

| Atticus | Richard Heber, Esq.
| Aurelius | George Chalmers, Esq.
| Alphonso | Horne Tooke?
| Archimedes | John Rennie, Esq.
| Bernardo | Joseph Haslewood, Esq.
| Boscardo | James Boswell, Esq.?
| Coriolanus | John Ph. Kemble, Esq.
| Crassus | Watson Taylor, Esq.
| Eumenius | J. D. Phelps, Esq.
(1.)   | Gonzalo | John Dent, Esq.
| Hortensius | W. Bolland, Esq.
| Honorio | George Hibbert, Esq.
| Hippolyto | Samuel Weller Singer, Esq.
| Leontes | James Bindley, Esq.
| Lepidus | Dr. Gosset.
| Lysander | Rev. T. F. Dibdin.
| Lorenzo | Sir Mark Sykes.
| Lavinia's Husband | J. Harrison, Esq.
| Lisardo | R. Heathcote, Esq.
| Licius | Francis Freeling, Esq.
| Marcellus | Edmond Malone, Esq.
| Mustapha | W. Gardiner of Pall Mall.
| Menander | Tom. Warton.
| Malvolio | Payne Knight or Townley?
| Menalcas | Rev. Henry Drury.
| Mercurii (III.) | Mr. Henry Foss, Mr. Triphook, and Mr. Griffiths.
| Meliadus | R. Lang, Esq.
| Nicas | G. Shepherd, Esq.
| Narcottus | Rev. J. Jones.
| Orlando | Michael Woodhull, Esq.
| Prospero | Francis Douce, Esq.
| Philemon | J. Barwise, Esq.
(2.) | Phormio | Rev. H. Vernon.
| Portius | Mr. John Cuthill.
| Palmeria | Robert Southey, Esq.
| Philelphus | Geo. Henry Freeling, Esq.
| Palermo | John North, Esq.
| Pontevallo | Duke of Bridgewater?
| Quisquilius | George Baker, Esq.
| Rinaldo | J. Edwards, Esq.
| Rosicrusius | Rev. T. F. Dibdin.
| Sir Tristram | Walter Scott, Esq.
| Sycorax | Joseph Ritson.
| Ulpian | Edw. Vernon Utterson, Esq.

(1.)
Attributed to

Birt
Churton
brace
In Sir Francis
Freeling's copy.

(2.) | ——
Page 164.
| Right-hand neighbor | Mr. George Nicol.
| Left-hand ditto | Mr. R. H. Evans.
| Opposite ditto | Mr. Thomas Payne.
Page 249.
| Literary friend | Sir Henry Ellis.

W. P.

PARALLEL PASSAGES.[1]

1. "In a drear-nighted December,

Too happy, happy tree,

Thy Branches ne'er remember

Their green felicity," &c.—Keats.

"What would be the heart of an old weather-beaten hollow stump, if the leaves and blossoms of its youth were suddenly to spring up out of the mould around it, and to remind it how bright and blissful summer was in the years of its prime?"—Hare's Guesses at Truth, 1st series, p. 244.

2. "Spake full well, in language quaint and olden,

One who dwelleth by the castled Rhine,

When he call'd the flowers, so blue and golden,

Stars that on earth's firmament do shine."

Longfellow, Flowers.

"And daisy-stars, whose firmament is green."

Hood, Plea of the Midsummer Fairies, xxxvi.

[And see the converse thought,—

"Stars are the daisies that begem

The blue fields of the sky."

D. M. Moir, quoted in Dubl. Univ. Mag., Oct. 1852.]

3. "But she is vanish'd to her shady home

Under the deep, inscrutable; and there

Weeps in a midnight made of her own hair."

Hood, Hero and Leander, cxvi.

"Within the midnight of her hair,

Half-hidden in its deepest deeps," &c.

Barry Cornwall, The Pearl Wearer.

"But, rising up,

Robed in the long night of her deep hair, so

To the open window moved."

Tennyson, Princess, p. 89.

4. "He who for love hath undergone

The worst that can befall,

Is happier thousandfold than one

Who never loved at all."

M. Milnes, To Myrzha, on returning.

"I hold it true, whate'er befall,

I feel it when I sorrow most,—

'Tis better to have loved and lost

Than never to have loved at all."

Tennyson, In Memoriam, xxvii.

5. Boileau, speaking of himself, when set in his youth to study the law, says that his family—

"... Palit, et vit en frémissant

Dans la poudre du greffe un poëte naissant."

While Pope, in his Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot, speaks of—

"Some clerk, foredoom'd his father's soul to cross,

Who pens a stanza when he should engross."

Harry Leroy Temple.

P.S.—At p. 123. of Vol. vi. are inserted some other parallels, noted by me in the course of my reading. For one of these so inserted, that relating to Sylla, I was taken to task (see Vol. vi., p. 208.) by P. C. S. S. Now, the parallel between the two passages ("Parallel, resemblance, conformity continued through many particulars, likeness," Johnson's Dictionary) is this: Both verses endeavour to picture the mingled red and white of the "human face divine" (one satirically, the other eulogistically), by comparing their combined effect to that of the red hue of fruit seen through a partially superfused white medium—meal over mulberries, cream over strawberries. If there is not sufficient "resemblance" or "likeness" in the two (in the opinion of P. C. S. S.) to justify me in placing them alongside of one another (παράλληλα), I really cannot help it.

I have now ascertained that the words

"Sylla's a mulberry sprinkled with meal"

are to be found in Langhorne's Plutarch, as a translation of the original Greek quoted by P. C. S. S.

Footnote 1:(return)

Continued from Vol. iv., p. 435.; Vol. vi., p. 123.

ANTIQUITY OF THE POLKA: A NOTE FOR THE LADIES.

The description of the lavolta in Sir John Davies's poem on dancing, The Orchestra (1596), shows that it must have closely resembled the dance which we fondly boast of as one of the great inventions of the nineteenth century. It runs as follows:

"Yet is there one, the most delightful kind,

A lofty jumping, or a leaping round,

Where arm in arm two dancers are entwined,

And whirl themselves with strict embracements bound;

And still their feet an anapæst do sound;

An anapæst is all their music's song,

Whose first two feet are short, and third is long."

The "anapæst" is conclusive; it points exactly to the peculiar nature of the polka, the pause on the third step. Moreover, it appears, that as there is no especial figure for the polka, so there was none for the lavolta; for it is classed among those dances

"Wherein that dancer greatest praise has won,

Which, with best order, can all orders shun;

For everywhere he wantonly must range,

And turn and wind with unexpected change."

Who can doubt after that? The polka was certainly danced before Queen Elizabeth!

To this valuable historical parallel I may add that the galliard and coranto also were apparently danced ad libitum (observing only a particular measure), just as our waltz and galop also are:

"For more diverse and more pleasing show,

A swift, a wandering dance, he [Love] did invent,

With passages uncertain to and fro,

Yet with a certain answer and consent,

To the quick music of the instrument."

B. R. I.

SEVEN SCORE SUPERSTITIOUS SAYINGS.

My common-place books contain a goodly number of superstitious sayings, noted down as heard at different times and in various places, chiefly during the last ten or twelve years. I have made a selection from them, the greater portion of which will probably come under the printer's eye for the first time, should they be considered a fitting addition to the interesting records of Folk Lore in the pages of "N. & Q." I reserve my comment or attempted illustration for future opportunities.

First Score.

1. Adder. "Look under the deaf adder's belly, and you'll find marked, in mottled colours, these words:

'If I could hear as well as see,

No man of life [sic] should master me!'"

(This saying was related to me by a friend, a native of Lewes, Sussex, where it is common.)

2. Adder-skin. "It'll bring you good luck to hang an ether-skin o'er the chimbly [chimney-piece]." (Heard in Leicestershire.)

3. Beanfield. "Sleep in a beanfield all night if you want to have awful dreams, or go crazy." (In Leicestershire.)

4. Chime-hours. "A child born in chime-hours will have the power to see spirits." (A Somerset friend.)

5. Egg-shells. "Always poke a hole through your eggshell before you throw it away."—Why? "If you don't, the fairies will put to sea to wreck the ships." (Somerset. Query, For fairies, read witches?)

6. Eyebrows. "It's a good thing to have meeting eyebrows. You'll never know trouble." (Various places.)

7. Fern-root. "Cut a fern-root slantwise, and you'll see a picture of an oak-tree: the more perfect, the luckier chance for you." (Croydon and elsewhere.)

8. Flowering Myrtle. "That's the luckiest plant to have in your window. Water it every morning, and be proud of it." (Somerset.)

9. Harvest Spider. "The harvest-man has got four things on its back,—the scythe, the rake, the sickle, and [Query the fourth?] It's most unlucky for the reaper to kill it on purpose." (From an Essex man.)

10. Holly, Ivy, &c. "All your Christmas should be burnt on Twelfth-day morning." (London, &c.)

11. Lettuce. "O'er-much lettuce in the garden will stop a young wife's bearing." (Richmond, Surrey.)

12. May-baby. "A May-baby's always sickly. You may try, but you'll never rear it." (Various.)

13. May-kitten. "You should drown a May-kitten. It's unlucky to keep it." (Somerset.)

14. New Moon. "You may see as many new moons at once through a silk handkerchief, as there are years before you will marry." (Leicestershire.)

15. Onions. "In buying onions always go in by one door of the shop, and come out by another. Select a shop with two doorways. These onions, placed under your pillow on St. Thomas's Eve, are sure to bring visions of your true-love, your future husband." (London, &c.)

16. Parsley. "Where parsley's grown in the garden, there'll be a death before the year's out. (London and Surrey.)

17. Ring-finger. "The ring-finger, stroked along any sore or wound, will soon heal it. All the other fingers are poisonous, especially the fore-finger." (Somerset.)

18. Salt. "Help to salt, help to sorrow." (Various.)

19. Three Dogs. "If three dogs chase a rabbit or a hare, they can't kill it." (Surrey.)

20. White Cow. "A child that sucks a white cow will thrive better." (Wilts.)

J. Westby Gibson.

12. Catherine Street, Strand.

Minor Notes.

Mormon Etymologies.—W. Richards, "Historian and General Church Recorder" of the Mormons, says:

"Mormon is the name of an ancient prophet, and signifies more good. 'Mormonism,' a new coined word by the enemy, signifies ALL TRUTH, PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE; and the 'Mormon's' creed is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. And this creed is what the devil and all his imps are eternally fighting against, and not against the believers of that creed only, so far as the truth influences their actions."—Millenial Star, 1850, p. 341.

This certainly displays the wisdom of the serpent, if not the meekness of wisdom. Pray preserve it in your cabinet of literary curiosities.

B. H. C.

Bandalore and Tommy Moore.—

"What this toy was, we have no means of knowing," &c.—Fraser's Mag., January, p. 5.

Had our reviewer stepped in at Dunnett's toy-shop, instead of searching all his French dictionaries, he would have learned, I doubt not, that bandalore is still a living toy, just as it was when Moore was young.

At Tunbridge it is still made in their pretty ware; and sufficiently portable for any kind-hearted grandpapa to carry in his pocket.

J. J. R.

Electric Clock.—It is said that the electric telegraph will annihilate time and space. Of the former we have visible proof. Look at the new clock in West Strand. The minute-hand moves only once in each minute, and then it jumps a whole minute at once, and occupies a second of time in doing so. Now, supposing the clock to indicate true time at the instant of each movement, it is obvious that it must indicate untrue time at every other instant: hence it only indicates true time during one second in each minute, twenty-four minutes in each day, and six days and two hours in the whole year, or less than two years in a century; whilst, during the remaining ninety-eight years and more, it is annihilating true time, by imposing upon an unwary public that which is false!

J. J. R.

Desirable Reprints.—Will you allow me to commence a series of Notes, which your readers can easily amplify, viz. suggestions of old books deserving to be reprinted, with the authorities quoted recommending them.

1. Glanvil's Scepis Scientifica.

"Few books, I think, are more deserving of being reprinted."—Hallam's Literature of Europe.

J. M.

The Earldom of Oxford.—The following is so remarkable a coincidence, that I am sure many of your readers will be obliged to me for bringing it under their notice, particularly those who are interested in heraldry.

The same individual who has been for many years the nearest heir male to Aubery de Vere, twentieth and last earl of Oxford of that family, who died in 1702, has become, by the recent death of Alfred, sixth Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, the nearest heir male to that race also, which title is likewise extinct.

An M. D.

Literary Attainments of the Scottish Clergy in the Seventeenth Century.—In a deed granted by Andro Andersone, minister of Loth, in Sutherlandshire, anno 1618, wherein he is designated "Ministro veriti Dei apud Loithe," the instrument is signed with his mark, after which is added, "Cannot wreitt myself."

Kirkwallensis.

Queries.

QUERIES AS TO MR. COLLIER'S "NOTES AND EMENDATIONS."

Query 1. Does Mr. Collier claim a copyright in the Emendations on the Text of Shakspeare lately published by him, and derived from MS. corrections in his old copy of the folio of 1632? He seems to intimate as much in what he says at p. 13. of his Introduction, when he speaks of a certain phrase never being again seen in any edition of Shakspeare, "unless it be reproduced by some one who, having no right to use the emendations of our folio 1632, adheres of necessity to the antiquated blunder, and pertinaciously attempts to justify it."

I doubt much whether he is entitled to any such privilege. If the words as restored were really those of Shakspeare, as is alleged, I do not see how the writer of the MS. corrections could himself claim any property in them; and if he had none, much less can Mr. Collier have. It would be a pity were the public to be deprived of the benefit of the corrections by the use of them being exclusively confined to Mr. Collier's editions.

Query 2. Does the writer of the MS. corrections occasionally give reasons in support of the changes proposed? At p. 306., Mr. Collier says: "The manuscript corrector assures us that although the intention of the dramatist is evident, a decided misprint has crept into the line."

Again, at p. 305., Mr. Collier says: "For 'senseless obstinate,' the corrector of the folio 1632 states that we must substitute words," &c. Again, at p. 352.: "A note in the folio 1632, induces us to believe that Shakspeare did not use the term," &c. The MS. corrector is also sometimes made to tell us, that a certain error is the printer's, and another that of the copyist. Perhaps these are only rhetorical forms of expression, to intimate that certain corrections appeared on the margin of the folio 1632, and Mr. Collier's own opinion of their propriety.

Scotus.

Edinburgh.

HONE'S "HISTORY OF PARODY."

A small collection of the political squibs and pamphlets published by Wm. Hone about 1820, has lately come into my possession. An advertisement in several of these announces that the large material collected for his defence had induced him to prepare, and "very speedily" to publish, A complete History of Parody, "with extensive graphic illustrations." This on March 20. Again, on October 2, same year, he says: "I take this opportunity of announcing that the work will appear in monthly parts, each containing at least five engravings, and that it will probably be completed in eight deliveries at 5s. each. I pledge myself that the First Part shall be published, without fail, on the 1st January next, and respectfully invite the names of subscribers. The money to be paid on the delivery of each Part."

Lastly, in an "Explanatory Address," appended to No. 1. of his Every-Day Book, dated 31st Dec., 1824, Hone says: "The History of Parody, with enlarged reports of my three trials, a royal 8vo. volume of 600 pages, handsomely printed, and illustrated by numerous engravings on copper and wood, plain and coloured, is in considerable forwardness. The price will be 2l. 2s., in extra cloth boards," &c.

Thus, though advertised more than four years previously, this work had not yet come out, and indeed, if not mistaken, I think it never appeared at all. Will some of your bibliographical correspondents inform me if my surmise is correct? and if so, what has become of Hone's MSS., and the large collection he made on the subject of parody?

James B. Murdoch.

162. Hope Street, Glasgow.

THE COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE'S LETTER TO SIR JOSEPH WILLIAMSON.

Sir Joseph Williamson, Secretary of State to Charles II., having presumed to recommend a candidate for her borough of Appleby, she wrote him the following spirited and well-known reply:

"I have been bullied by an usurper: I have been neglected by a court: but I will not be dictated to by a subject. Your man sha'n't stand.

"Anne Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery."

This statement is taken from A Sermon preached at the Funeral of Anne, Countess of Pembroke, &c., by Bishop Rainbow; with Biographical Memoirs (1839), page of the Memoir xiii. In a note, it is observed that—

"Mr. Lodge questions the genuineness of this letter, which appears to have been first published in The World in 1753."

I concur with Mr. Lodge. The style of the letter is quite modern: the verb "bully" seems also quite a modern coinage and the signature varies from the usual setting forth and sequence of titles contained in the inscriptions which the Countess placed over the gateways of her castles, as she repaired them, and which ran thus, the peerages being placed in the order of their creation, viz.: "Countess Dowager of Pembroke, Dorset, and Montgomery." In support of the genuineness of the letter, it may be urged that Sir Joseph Williamson, from an early period after the Restoration until 1674, when he became Secretary of State, held various offices about the Court that might have thus brought him into collision with the Countess; that he was not a very scrupulous man; that he was the "son of a clergyman somewhere in Cumberland;" and that his highest promotion took place before the death of the Countess in 1675. (For some account of him, see Evelyn's Memoirs, Index.) To this it may be added, that the letter accords with her courageous spirit. Can no earlier authority be given for it than that of The World in 1753?

J. K.

[Although this subject has been already briefly discussed in our columns (see Vol. i., pp. 28. 119. 154.), we think it of sufficient interest to be renewed, now that our increased circulation will bring it under the notice of so many more readers; among whom, perhaps one may be found in a position to solve the mystery in which the authenticity of this oft-quoted letter is at present involved.]

Minor Queries.

Mediæval Parchment.—In what way did mediæval illuminators prepare their parchment? For our modern parchment is so ill prepared, that it gets crumpled as soon as wet chalk for gilding, or any colour, is laid on it; whilst the parchment in mediæval MSS. is quite smooth and level, as if it had not been moistened at all.

Should a full answer to this Query take up too much of your valuable space, I should be satisfied with the titles of any works on the art of "illumination," in which special mention is made of the way of preparing parchment.

F. M. (A Maltese.)

"Mater ait natæ."—Where can the following lines, thus "Englished by Hakewill," be found?

"Mater ait natæ, dic natæ, filiâ, natam

Ut moneat natæ plangere filiolam."

"The aged mother to her daughter spake,

Daughter, said she, arise;

Thy daughter to her daughter take,

Whose daughter's daughter cries."

My object in asking the above question is for the purpose of discovering if such a relationship ever existed.

W. W.

Malta.

Fox of Whittlebury Forest.—In Mr. Jessie's Life of Beau Brummel, I met with a passage which spoke about the "well-known fox of Whittlebury Forest." Can any of your readers kindly inform me in what the celebrity of this animal consists, that Mr. Jessie takes for granted is so well known?

A Fox Hunter.

Names and Numbers of British Regiments (Vol. iv., p. 368.; Vol. vi, p. 37.).—I feel disappointed that none of your numerous and well-informed readers have responded to my inquiries on this subject. Hoping, however, that answers may still be obtained, I venture to repeat the questions for the third time, viz.:

1. What was the origin of giving British regiments the name of a certain officer, instead of numbering them as at present?

2. If in honour of an officer commanding the corps, was the name changed when that officer died or removed to another regiment; or what was the rule?

3. When did the present mode of numbering regiments begin; and by whom was it introduced?

4. What was the rule or principle laid down in giving any regiment a certain number? Was it according to the length of time it had been embodied?

5. What is the guide now, in identifying a named with a numbered regiment? For example, at the battle of Culloden, in 1746, "Wolfe's," "Barrell's," and "Howard's Foot" were engaged. Now, what is the rule for ascertaining the numbers of these, and other old regiments, in the British army at the present day?

I shall feel greatly obliged by the above information.

Z.

Glasgow.

Daughters of St. Mark.—How many were adopted as daughters of the Republic of St. Mark? Catherine Cornaro was one, and, I believe, Bianca Capello another. I think there were but one or two more: but who were they?

Rosa.

Kentish Fire.—What is the origin of the term "Kentish fire," signifying energetic applause?

Rosa.

Optical Phenomenon.—On the afternoon of the 20th January, at one o'clock, as I stood on the beach of Llandudno Bay, North Wales, I observed a rainbow, from the circumference of which passed a number of bright pencils of light, apparently converging to a point near the invisible centre of the rainbow. What is the explanation of this phenomenon?

C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

Cardinal Bentivoglio's Description of England.—A MS. of this interesting work exists among Bishop Tanner's MSS. in the Bodleian Library. Has it ever been printed? The account is said to have been drawn up with great care and accuracy, and betrays no sinister views.

Did Cardinal Bentivoglio visit England in person, or how did he collect his information?

Edward F. Rimbault.

Remarkable Signs.—Can any of the learned contributors of the "N. & Q." oblige a Constant Reader with the probable meanings or origins of the following signs, all of which are to be found in the London Directories:

Anti-Gallican (four taverns of this name).

Bombay Grab.

Essex Serpent.

Fortune of War (five).

George and Guy (two).

Moonrakers (two).

Grave Maurice (two).

Sun and Thirteen Cantons (two).

J. E.

Fleet Street.

Old Fable.—There is a fable in the Vicar of Wakefield of two brothers, a dwarf and giant, going out to battle, and sharing the victory but not the wounds.

There is another, perhaps a sequel to it, which relates that the dwarf, "tot bellorum superstitem," was choked in the fraternal embrace, with the sorry consolation that it was "the giant's nature to squeeze hard."

Are these fables wholly modern or not? I have thought that some such are the key to Juvenal's meaning:

"Malim fraterculus esse gigantis;"

to the ordinary construing of which there are positive objections.

J. E. G.

Tide Tables.—Can you, or any of your subscribers, give me a rule for ascertaining the heights of tides and times of high water, the establishment of the port, and rise of springs and neaps, being known? One divested of algebraic formulæ would be preferred: say—

Establishment | 10 h. 58 m.
Springs' rise | 8½ feet.
Neaps'" | 2 feet.

R.

Lancaster.

Passage in Ovid.—In speaking of the rude and unscientific state of the early Romans, in the third book of his Fasti, Ovid has the following verses:

"Libera currebant, et inobservata per annum

Sidera: constabat sed tamen esse Deos.

Non illi cœlo labentia signa tenebant;

Sed sua: quæ magnum perdere crimen erat."

V. 111-114.

The idea expressed in this passage is that the primitive Romans cared more about war than astronomy. They did not observe the stars, though they believed them to be deities. The pun upon the word signa—constellations and military standards—is worthy of notice. But what is the meaning of libera, in the first verse? Is it nearly equivalent to inobservata, and does it denote the absence of the prying curiosity of men? It cannot be intended that the courses of the stars were less regular before they were the subjects of observation, than after the birth of astronomy.

L.

Roger Pele, Abbot of Furness.—Is anything known of the antecedents of Roger Pele, last abbot of Furness, who, after years of trouble and persecution, was at length constrained to execute a deed, dated 5th April, 28 Hen. VIII., whereby he did "freely and hollie surrender, giff, and graunt unto the Kynges highnes and to his heyres and assignes for evermore ... all his interest and titill in the said monasterie of ffurness, and of and in the landes, rentes, possessions, revenous, servyce, both spirituall and temporall," &c.? This deed is, I believe, given at length in the Cotton MSS., Cleopatra E. IV. fol. 244.

Roger Pele was elevated about 1532, and became rector of Dalton, a village near his old abbey, 9th Nov., 29 Hen. VIII. This rectory he held, I believe, during the remainder of his life, in spite of all the efforts made to dispossess him. (See Beck's Annales Furnessienses, p. 346. et seq.)

What was the origin and early history of this man, remarkable for the firmness and ability which so long baffled all the power and might of Henry, whose vengeance pursued him even into obscurity.

Abbati.

Curtseys and Bows.—Why do ladies curtsey instead of bow? Is the distinction one which obtains generally; and what is the earliest mention of curtseys in any writer on English affairs?

E. S.

Hampton Court.

Historical Proverb.—I have frequently in youth heard the proverb, "You may change Norman for a worser (worse) horse." This sounds like the wise saying of some unpatriotic Saxon, when urged to revolt against the conquering invaders. If so, it is an interesting relic of the days when "Englishrie," though suppressed, yet became peacefully victorious in transmuting the intruders into its own excellent metal.

J. R. P.

Bishop Patrick's "Parable of a Pilgrim."—Can any of your contributors inform me of any bibliographical notice of Bishop Patrick's Parable of a Pilgrim? Its singular title, and the suggested plagiarism of Bunyan, lately attracted my attention; but I incline to the belief that we may still regard the Pilgrim's Progress to be as original as it is extraordinary. Patrick's work appears to have been written in 1663, while Bunyan was not committed to prison until 1660, and was released in 1673: having written, or at least composed, his extraordinary work during the interval. Bunyan might therefore have seen and read Patrick's book; but, from a careful comparison of the two works, I am satisfied in my own mind that such a supposition is unnecessary, and probably erroneous. I may add that Patrick honestly confesses, that not even his own work is entirely original, but was suggested by an elder "Parable of the Pilgrim" in Baker's Sancta Sophia.

George Wm. Bell.

Dr. Parr's Dedications.—Dr. Parr has dedicated the three parts of Bellendences de Statu respectively to Burke, Lord North, and Fox, subscribing each dedication with the letters A. E. A. O. Can any of your correspondents explain them?

Balliolensis.

"Königl. Schwedischer in Teutschland geführter Krieg, 1632-1648, von B. Ph. v. Chemnitz."—As is known, the first two parts of this important work were printed in 1648 and 1653. The continuation of the original manuscript exists now in the Swedish Record Office, with the exception, unfortunately, of the third part. The Curator of the Royal Library in Hanover, however, J. Dan, Grueber, testifies, in his Commercium Epistolare Leibnitianinum, Pars 1ma, p. 119., Hanoviæ, 1745, in 8vo., that the missing part was then in that library:

"Tertius tomus excusus non est, quippe imperfectus; Manuscriptum tamen quoad absolutus est, inter alia septentrionis cimelia nuper repertum, Bibliothecæ Regiæ vindicavimus."

But this manuscript is no longer to be found there. Is it possible it may have been removed to England, and still to be found in one of the public collections? An answer to any of the above questions would deeply oblige

G. E. Klemming,
Librarian in the Royal Library at Stockholm.

"Officium Birgittinum Anglice."—

"Integrum Beatæ Virginis Officium quod à S. Birgitta concinnatum, monialibus sui ordinis in usu publico fecit, Anglice ab anonymo quodam conversum, Londini prodiit ante annum 1500 in folio, ex Caxtoni, uti videtur, prælo editum."

is the notice of the above translation occurring in an old Swedish author. Information is requested as to whether any more detailed account can be obtained of the book referred to.[2] For any such the Querist will be especially thankful: if it should be possible to procure a copy of the same, his boldest hopes would be exceeded. If no English translation of S. Birgitta's revelations, or of the prayers and prophecies extracted therefrom—the latter known under the name of Onus Mundi, should exist, either in print or in old manuscript, this, in consideration of the very general circulation which these writings obtained in the Middle Ages, would be a very peculiar exception. The book named at the head of this Query would appear to be a translation of the Breviarium S. Birgittæ.

G. E. Klemming,
Librarian in the Royal Library at Stockholm.

Footnote 2:(return)

[See Wharton, in his Supplement to Usher, De Scripturis et Sacris Vernaculis, p. 447., edit. 1690.—Ed.]

Campbell's Hymn on the Nativity.—The hymn, of which the following are the first two verses, is said to have been written by Campbell. Can any correspondent of "N. & Q." say which Campbell is the author, and when and where the hymn was first printed?

"When Jordan hush'd his waters still,

And silence slept on Zion's hill,

When Bethlehem's shepherds thro' the night

Watch'd o'er their flocks by starry light,

"Hark! from the midnight hills around,

A voice of more than mortal sound

In distant hallelujahs stole,

Wild murmuring o'er the raptur'd soul."

H. S. S.

Minor Queries with Answers.

When Our Lord falls in Our Lady's Lap.—Seeing that Good Friday in this year falls on Lady Day, may I beg to ask if any of your contributors could inform me where the following old saying is to be met with, viz.:

"When Good Friday falls in a Lady's lap,

To England will happen some mishap,"

or to whom the prophecy (I hope a false one) may be attributed? I have seen it some years since, and have lately been asked the origin of the saying.

J. N. C.

Hull.

[Our correspondent has not quoted this old proverb correctly. It is thus given by Fuller (Worthies of England, vol. i. p. 115. ed. 1840):

"When Our Lady falls in Our Lord's lap

Then let England beware a sad | brace | clap mishap,

alias

Then let the clergyman look to his cap."

But Fuller shows that it refers to Easter Day, not Good Friday, falling on the 25th March, when he remarks:—"I behold this proverbial prophecy, or this prophetical menace, to be not above six score years old, and of Popish extraction since the Reformation. It whispereth more than it dares speak out, and points at more than it dares whisper; and fain would intimate to credulous persons as if the Blessed Virgin, offended with the English for abolishing her adoration, watcheth an opportunity of revenge on this nation. And when her day (being the five-and-twentieth of March, and first of the Gregorian year) chanceth to fall on the day of Christ's resurrection, then being, as it were, fortified by her Son's assistance, some signal judgment is intended to our state, and churchmen especially."

He then gives a list of the years on which the coincidences had happened since the Conquest, to which, if our correspondent is curious on the subject, we must refer him. Can he, or any other of our readers, furnish any proof of the existence of this proverb before the Reformation, or the existence of a similar proverb on the Continent?]

Hobnail-counting in the Court of Exchequer.—I shall feel obliged by your informing me from what circumstance originates the yearly custom of the lord mayor of London counting six horse-shoes and sixty-one hobnails at the swearing in of the sheriff?

A Constant Reader.

Chertsey.

[The best explanation of this custom will be found in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1804, where we read: "The ceremony on this occasion in the Court of Exchequer, which vulgar error supposed to be an unmeaning farce, is solemn and impressive, nor have the new sheriffs the least connexion either with chopping of sticks, or counting of hobnails. The tenants of a manor in Shropshire are directed to come forth and do their suit and service; on which the senior alderman below the chair steps forward and chops a single stick, in token of its having been customary for the tenants of that manor to supply their lord with fuel. The owners of a forge in the parish of St. Clement (which formerly belonged to the city, and stood in the high road from the Temple to Westminster, but now no longer exists) are then called forth to do their suit and service; when an officer of the court, in the presence of the senior alderman, produces six horse-shoes and sixty-one hobnails, which he counts over in form before the cursitor baron, who on this particular occasion is the immediate representative of the sovereign."]

A Race for Canterbury.—I have just met with a little volume of sixteen pages entitled A Race for Canterbury or Lambeth, Ho! It is dated 1747, and was evidently written on the death of Archbishop Potter; and describes four aspirants to the see of Canterbury as four rowers on the Thames:

"No sooner Death had seized the seer,

Just in the middle of his prayer,

But instantly on Thames appear'd

Four wherries rowing very hard."

&c. &c. &c.

The first is thus introduced:

"Sh——, though old, has got the start,

And vigorously plays his part."

The second:

"H—— in order next advances,

And full of hopes he strangely fancies,

That he by dint of merit shall

Get first to land by Lambeth wall."

The third:

"M—s—n moves on a sober pace,

And sits and rows with easy grace.

No ruffling passion's in him seen,

Indifferent if he lose or win."

The fourth:

"Next Codex comes with lab'ring oar,

And, envious, sees the three before;

Yet luggs and tuggs with every joint,

In hopes at length to gain the point."

Having no list of the bishops by me, of the above-mentioned date, to which I can refer, I should be glad if any of your correspondents can tell me who these four bishops are. May I ask likewise, if it is known who was the author of this not very refined or elegant composition?

John Branfill Harrison.

Maidstone.

[The four aspirants probably were, 1. Sherlock of Salisbury; 2. Herring of York, the next primate; 3. Mawson of Chichester; 4. Gibson of London.]

Nose of Wax.—In so famous a public document as the Nottingham Declaration of the Nobles, Gentry, and Commons, in November, 1688, against the Papistical inroads of the infatuated King James, I find in the Ninth Resolution that he is accused of "rendering the laws a nose of wax," in order to further arbitrary ends. I have often heard the phrase familiarly in my youthful days; may I ask of you to inform me of its origin? Its import is plain enough,—a silly bugbear, of none effect but to be laughed at.

W. J.

[Nares explains it more correctly as a proverbial phrase for anything very mutable and accommodating; chiefly applied to flexibility of faith. He adds, "It should be noticed, however, that the similitude was originally borrowed from the Roman Catholic writers, who applied it to the Holy Scriptures, on account of their being liable to various interpretations."]

"Praise from Sir Hubert Stanley!"—I have somewhere heard or read this, or a very similar phrase, ironically expressive of surprise at approbation from an unexpected quarter. I would much like a clue to its source and correct shape.

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

[This is from Morton's Cure for the Heart Ache, Act V. Sc. 2.:—"Approbation from Sir Hubert Stanley is praise indeed."]

Rosary.—What is the origin of the term rosary? Is it derived from the Latin rogare?

G. C. C.

[Richardson derives it from Fr. Rosaire; Ital. and Sp. Rosario; Low Lat. Rosarium, corona rosacea, a garland or chaplet of roses. The definition of it by the Abbé Prevost is this:—"It consists," he says, "of fifteen tens, said to be in honour of the fifteen mysteries in which the Blessed Virgin bore a part. Five Joyous, viz. the annunciation, the visit to St. Elizabeth, the birth of our Saviour, the purification, and the disputation of Christ in the temple. Five Sorrowful: our Saviour's agony in the garden, his flagellation, crowning with thorns, bearing his cross, and crucifixion. Five Glorious: his resurrection, ascension, the descent of the Holy Ghost, his glorification in heaven, and the assumption of the Virgin herself."—Manuel Lexique. Nares, quoting this passage, adds, "This is good authority; but why each of the fives is multiplied by ten the Abbé does not explain; probably to make the chaplet of a sufficient length."]

Replies.

THE ROD: A POEM.

(Vol. vi., p. 493.)

My copy of this poem bears date 1754, and is not stated to be a second edition. It has "an advertisement" of three pages, deprecatory of the imputation of any personal allusions, or design to encourage school rebellions. It has also a frontispiece ("Jas. Green, sculp., Oxon."), representing two youths, one standing, the other sitting, on a form; and before them the figure of an ass, erect on his hind legs, clothed in a pallium. A birch, doctorial hat, and books, lettered Priscian and Lycophron, form the base; and on a ribbon above is the legend, "An ass in the Greek pallium teaching." In other respects my copy agrees with Mr. Crossley's description of his, except that the argument (p. 7.) commences, "The great and good King Alfred," &c.

Perhaps the following lines (though I doubt their having been written at the age of thirteen) may be received as germane to the subject:

THE BIRCH: A POEM.

Written by a Youth of thirteen.

Though the Oak be the prince and the pride of the grove,

The emblem of power and the fav'rite of Jove;

Though Phœbus his temples with Laurel has bound,

And with chaplets of Poplar Alcides is crown'd;

Though Pallas the Olive has graced with her choice,

And old mother Cybel in Pines may rejoice,

Yet the Muses declare, after diligent search,

That no tree can be found to compare with the Birch.

The Birch, they affirm, is the true tree of knowledge,

Revered at each school and remember'd at college.

Though Virgil's famed tree might produce, as its fruit,

A crop of vain dreams, and strange whims on each shoot,

Yet the Birch on each bough, on the top of each switch,

Bears the essence of grammar and eight parts of speech.

'Mongst the leaves are conceal'd more than mem'ry can mention,

All cases, all genders, all forms of declension.

Nine branches, when cropp'd by the hands of the Nine,

And duly arranged in a parallel line,

Tied up in nine folds of a mystical string,

And soak'd for nine days in cold Helicon spring,

Form a sceptre composed for a pedagogue's hand,

Like the Fasces of Rome, a true badge of command.

The sceptre thus finish'd, like Moses's rod,

From flints could draw tears, and give life to a clod.

Should darkness Egyptian, or ignorance, spread

Their clouds o'er the mind, or envelope the head,

The rod, thrice applied, puts the darkness to flight,

Disperses the clouds, and restores us to light.

Like the Virga Divina, 'twill find out the vein

Where lurks the rich metal, the ore of the brain.

Should Genius a captive in sloth be confined,

Or the witchcraft of Pleasure prevail o'er the mind,

The magical wand but apply—with a stroke

The spell is dissolved, the enchantment is broke.

Like Hermes' caduceus, these switches inspire

Rhetorical thunder, poetical fire:

And if Morpheus our temples in Lethe should steep,

Their touch will untie all the fetters of sleep.

Here dwells strong conviction—of Logic the glory,

When applied with precision à posteriori.

I've known a short lecture most strangely prevail,

When duly convey'd to the head through the tail;

Like an electrical shock, in an instant 'tis spread,

And flies with a jerk from the tail to the head;

Promotes circulation, and thrills through each vein,

The faculties quickens, and purges the brain.

By sympathy thus, and consent of the parts,

We are taught, fundamentally, classics and arts.

The Birch, à priori, applied to the palm,

Can settle disputes and a passion becalm.

Whatever disorders prevail in the blood

The birch can correct them, like guaiacum wood:

It sweetens the juices, corrects our ill humours,

Bad habits removes, and disperses foul tumours.

When applied to the hand it can cure with a switch,

Like the salve of old Molyneux, used in the itch!

As the famed rod of Circe to brutes could turn men,

So the twigs of the Birch can unbrute them again.

Like the wand of the Sybil, that branch of pure gold,

These sprays can the gates of Elysium unfold—

The Elysium of learning, where pleasures abound,

Those sweets that still flourish on classical ground.

Prometheus's rod, which, mythologists say,

Fetch'd fire from the sun to give life to his clay,

Was a rod well applied his men to inspire

With a taste for the arts, and their genius to fire.

This bundle of rods may suggest one reflection,

That the arts with each other maintain a connexion.

Another good moral this bundle of switches

Points out to our notice and silently teaches;

Of peace and good fellowship these are a token,

For the twigs, well united, can scarcely be broken.

Then, if such are its virtues, we'll bow to the tree,

And the Birch, like the Muses, immortal shall be.

I copy from a MS. extract-book, and shall be glad of a reference to any place in which these lines have appeared in print.

Balliolensis.

THE DUTCH EAST-INDIA COMPANY.

(Vol. vi., p. 316.)

These folio volumes appeared in 1646, without name or place of either author or printer, under the title—

"Begin ende Voortgang van de Vereenighde Nederlandsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie, vervattende de voornaemste Reysen, by de inwoonderen derselver provincien derwaerts gedaen, alles nevens de beschryvinghen der Rycken, Eylanden, Hovenen, Rivieren, Stroomen, Rheden, winden, diepten, ondiepten, mitsgaders religien, manieren, aerdt, politie, ende regeeringhe der volckeren, oock mede haerder Specerÿen, drooghen, geldt ende andere koopmanschappen; met veele discoursen verryckt, nevens eenighe koopere platen verciert. Nut ende dienstig alle curieuse ende andere zee-varende. Met dry besondere tafels ofte registers; in twee Delen verdeelt, waer het eerste begrypt veerttien voyagien den meerendeelen voor desen noyt in 't licht geweest. Gedrukt in den jaere 1646."

(Translation.)

Commencement and progress of the United Dutch Chartered East-India Company, containing the principal travels made among the inhabitants of the provinces there, together with a description of the kingdoms, courts, islands, rivers, roadsteads, winds, deeps, shallows, as well as religions, manners, character, police, and governments of the people; also their spices, drugs, money, and other merchandise, enriched with many discourses, and adorned with copperplates. Useful and profitable to all curious and seafaring virtuosi. With three separate tables or registers; divided into two parts, of which the first contains fourteen voyages, the most part never before published. Printed in the year 1646.

The compiler, however, goes too far in asserting that the greatest part of these voyages had never been printed. The contrary appears when we open the folio catalogue of the Leyden Library, containing a fine collection of these early voyages of our ancestors.

These voyages were printed consecutively in small folio before 1646; as also the Oost Indische en West Indische Voyagien, Amsterdam, by Michel Colyn, boekverkooper (East Indian and West Indian Voyages, Amsterdam, by Michel Colyn, bookseller), anno 1619, one volume, in the same form and thickness as those of 1646: some of the plates also in this volume are similar to those of 1646.

This work was dedicated, 28th February, 1619, to the Heeren Gecommitteerde Raden ter Admiraliteit residerende te Amsterdam (Advising Committee to the Admiralty residing at Amsterdam), and begins with the Reis naar Nova Sembla (Voyage to Nova Zembla), printed at Enkhuizen in 1617, by Jacob Lenaertsz Meijn, at the Vergulde Schryfboek (Gilt Writing-book), so that it is not improbable that the whole work was printed at Enkhuizen. Michel Colyn also published other Dutch voyages in 1622.

Concerning Cornelis Claesz (i.q. son of Nicholas), printer at Amsterdam, I have to observe that he died before 1610, but that the late Lucas Jansz. Wagenaer had bought all his plates, maps, privileges, &c.

By a notarial act passed 16th August, 1610, at Enkhuizen, Tryn Haickesdr., widow of the above-named Wagenaer, declared that the widow of Cornelis Claesz might make over to Jacob Lenaertsz all the above-mentioned maps, privileges, &c. See a resolution of the States-General of 13th September, 1610, in Dodt's Kerkelÿk en Wereldlÿk Archief, p. 23. (Ecclesiastical and Civil Archives).—From the Navorscher.

Elsevier.

Leyden.

J. A. de Chalmot, in his Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands, vol. vii. p. 251., names as author, or rather as compiler of this work, Isaak Commelin, born at Amsterdam 19th October, 1598, died 3rd Jan. 1676, and quotes Kasp. Commelin's Description of Amsterdam, which I have not at hand to refer to. The work was printed at Amsterdam without printer's name: each voyagie or description is separately paged; some places have a French text. In the second volume is a Generale beschryvinghe van Indien, &c., naer de copÿe ghedruckt tot Batavia in de druckerÿe van Gansenpen, anno 1638 (General Description of India, &c., according to the copy printed at Batavia at the office of the Goose Quill). Whether any other pieces which Commelin compiled had been earlier printed, I have not been able to discover.—From the Navorscher.

J. C. K.

"ITS."

(Vol. vi., p. 509.)

The following are earlier instances of the employment of its by the poets, than any that your correspondent seems to have met with:

"How sometimes nature will betray its folly,

Its tenderness, and makes itself a pastime

To harder bosoms!

Winter's Tale, Act I. Sc. 2.

"Each following day

Became the next day's master, till the last

Made former wonders its."

Henry VIII., Act I. Sc. 1.

"On the green banks which that fair stream in-bound,

Flowers and odours sweetly smiled and smell'd,

Which, reaching out its stretched arms around,

All the large desert in its bosom held."

Fairefax, Godfrey of Bulloigne, xviii. 20., 1600.

I doubt if there are any earlier instances among the poets. I have had no opportunity of examining the prose writers of the sixteenth century, but think they must have employed its earlier than the poets. As we may see in the version of the Bible, and other works of the time, the English, like the Anglo-Saxon, long continued to use the genitive his for neuters as well as for masculines; and thereof for our present of it, its.

Its leads me to reflect how ignorant people were of the old languages in the last century. If ever there was a palpable forgery, it is the Poems of Rowley: yet, if my memory does not deceive me, Tyrwhitt regarded them as genuine; and Malone authoritatively affirmed that "no one except the nicest judges of English poetry, from Chaucer to Pope, was competent to test their genuineness." Why, this little word its might have tested it. You see we have not been able to trace it in poetry higher up than the end of the sixteenth century; and I am quite sure that it is not to be found in either Chaucer or Spenser: and yet, in the very first page of Rowley, we meet with the following instances of it:

"The whyche in yttes felle use doe make moke dere."

"The thynge yttes (ytte is?) moste bee yttes owne defense."

But there is a still surer test. We can hardly read a line of Chaucer, Gower, or any other poet of the time, without meeting with what the French term the feminine e, and which must be pronounced as a syllable to make the metre. From one end to the other of the Poems of Rowley, there is not a single instance of it!

Thos. Keightley.

COMMENCEMENT OF THE YEAR.

(Vol. vi., p. 563.)

It may be of service to the inquirer as to the commencement of the year, to call his attention to the note appended to the "Table of moveable Feasts" in editions prior to 1752. As given by Keeling, from the editions antecedent and subsequent to the last review, in 1662, they are as follows:

"Note.—That the supputation of the year of our Lord in the Church of England beginneth the xxvth day of March, the same day supposed to be the first day upon which the world was created, and the day when Christ was conceived in the womb of the Virgin Mary" [1604].

"Note.—That the supputation of the year of our Lord in the Church of England beginneth the xxvth day of March" [1662].

Of course, after the act for alteration of the style (24 Geo. II. c. 23.) was passed, this note was omitted. But up to that date the old supputation was authoritative and legal. Reference to Hampson's Medii Ævi Kalendarium might further illustrate the point.

To this Note allow me to append a Query. After the collect for St. Stephen's Day follows this rubric:

"Then shall follow the collect of the Nativity, which shall be said continually until New Year's Eve."

Query, Was this collect to be repeated from December 25 to March 24? for, according to the above supputation, that would be New Year's Eve.

The following note, from the preface to Granger's Biographical History, may not be out of place:

"The following absurdities, among many others, were occasioned by these different computations. In 1667 there were two Easters, the first on the 25th of April, and the second on the 22nd of March following; and there were three different denominations of the Year of our Lord affixed to three state papers which were published in one week, viz. his Majesty's Speech, dated 1732-3; the Address of the House of Lords, 1732; the Address of the House of Commons, 1733."—Page xxiii., edit. 1824.

Balliolensis.

"PENARDO AND LAISSA."

(Vol. vii., p. 84.)

Your correspondent E. D. is fortunate in the possession of a rare book, worth a "jew's eye" in the good old days of the Bibliomania. It formed a part of the Heber Collection, where (see Part iv. p. 111.) it figures under the following quaint title:

"The First Booke of the Famous Historye of Penardo and Laissa, other-ways called the Warres of Love and Ambitione, wherein is described Penardo his most admirable deeds of Arms, his ambition of glore, his contempt of love, with loves mighte assalts and ammorous temptations, Laissa's feareful inchantment, hir relief, hir travells, and lastly, loves admirabel force in hir releiving Penardo from the fire. Doone in Heroik Verse by Patrik Gordon.

Printed at Dort by George Waters, 1615."

This copy, which was originally John Pinkerton's, cost Mr. Heber 21l., and was resold at his sale for 12l. 5s., for the library of Mr. Miller, of Craigentenny; another is in the possession of Dr. Keith, Edinburgh. Pinkerton, in his Ancient Scottish Poems, London, 1792, thus describes Penardo and Laissa:

"Rare to excess; nor can more than two copies be discovered, one in the editor's possession, another in that of an anonymous correspondent in Scotland. The author was probably so ashamed of it as to quash the edition, for it is the most puerile mixture of all times, manners, and religions that ever was published; for instance, the Christian religion is put as that of Ancient Greece."

Of the author, Patrick Gordon, little or nothing seems to be known beyond the fact of his styling himself "gentleman," probably the only ground for Pinkerton calling him "a man of property." The fame of Gordon, however, rests upon a better foundation than the above work, he having also "doone in heroik verse The Famous Historie of the Renouned and Valiant Prince Robert, surnamed the Bruce, King of Scotland," "a tolerable poem," says the same critic, "but not worth reprinting, although it had that compliment twice paid to it."

The "Bruce" of our author is a concoction from Barbour and a certain Book of Virgin Parchment, upon the same subject, by Peter Fenton, known only to Gordon, and, like Penardo, sets propriety at defiance, "Christ and Jupiter being with matchless indecorum grouped together:"[3] it, too, came originally from the press of Dort, 1615; again from that of James Watson, Edinburgh, 1718; and a third time, Glasgow, by Hall, 1753.

J. O.

Footnote 3:(return)

Irving's Scottish Poets.

ROBIN HOOD.

(Vol. vi., p. 597.)

Ireland, too, is associated with the fame of this renowned wood-ranger. This "pen-ultima Thule," which received and protected the refugees of Roman oppression and the victims of Saxon extermination, was looked to in later times as a sanctuary where crime might evade punishment; and in the Annals of Robin Hood this national commiseration was evinced.

"In the year 1189," writes Holinshed, "there ranged three robbers and outlaws in England, among which 'Robert' Hood and Little John were chieftains, of all thieves doubtless the most courteous. Robert, being betrayed at a nunnery in Scotland, called Bricklies, the remnant of the 'crue' was scattered, and every man forced to shift for himself; whereupon Little John was fain to flee the realm by sailing into Ireland, where he sojourned for a few days at Dublin. The citizens being 'doone' to understand the wandering outcast to be an excellent archer, requested him heartily to try how far he could shoot at random, who, yielding to their behest, stood on the bridge of Dublin and shot to a hillock in Oxmantown (thereafter called Little John's shot), leaving behind him a monument, rather by posterity to be wondered than possibly by any man living to be counterscored."—Description of Ireland, fol., p. 24.

The danger, however, of being taken drove Little John thence to Scotland, where, adds the annalist, "he died at a town or village called Moravie."

John D'Alton.

I may perhaps be allowed to subscribe to the opinion expressed by H. K., that "though men of the name of Robin Hood may have existed in England, that of itself could afford no ground for inferring that some one of them was the Robin Hood of romantic tradition;" and at the same time to express my dissent from the conclusion, that "any pretence for such a supposition is taken away by the strong evidence, both Scotch and French," which H. K. has "adduced in support of the opposite view."

The inferences which I draw from the facts adduced by H. K. are, that the fame of the hero of English ballads probably extended to France and Scotland, and that the people of Scotland probably sympathised with this disturber of the peace of the kingdom of their "aulde ennemies."

I must, however, confess that I have not met with any portion of "the discussion about the nature of Robin Hood," excepting that contained in Ritson's Notes and Hunter's Tract, and that the evidence adduced in the latter publication, in support of the tradition handed down to us in the ballad entitled A Lyttel Geste of Robyn Hode, seems to me to satisfactorily show that "the Robin Hood of romantic tradition really existed in England in the time of Edward II."

J. Lewelyn Curtis.

PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.

Originator of Collodion Process (Vol. vii., pp. 47. 92. 116.).—The fairest way of deciding M. Le Gray's claims would be, to quote what he really says.

Willat's pamphlet, published in 1850, entitled A Practical Treatise, &c., by Gustave Le Gray, translated by Thomas Cousins, ends with an appendix, which runs thus:

"I have just discovered a process upon glass by hydrofluoric ether, the fluoride of potassium, and soda dissolved in alcohol 40°, mixed with sulphuric ether, and afterwards saturated with collodion; I afterwards re-act with aceto-nitrate of silver, and thus obtain proofs in the camera in five seconds in the shade. I develope the image by a very weak solution of sulphate of iron, and fix with hyposulphite of soda. I hope by this process to arrive at great rapidity. Ammonia and bromide of potassium give great variations of promptitude. As soon as my experiments are complete I will publish the result in an appendix. This application upon glass is very easy: the same agents employed with albumen and dextrine, give also excellent results and very quick. I have also experimented with a mucilage produced by a fucus, a kind of sea-weed, which promises future success. I hope by some of these means to succeed in taking portraits in three or four seconds."

I know not at what time of the year the pamphlet came out, nor whether the appendix was subsequently added; but any copy containing it was bought about the middle of August, 1850.

Thos. D. Eaton.

[We have much pleasure in inserting this communication, as it may be the means of drawing fresh attention to the other substances mentioned by Le Gray; for we are strongly of opinion that, notwithstanding the advantages of collodion, there are other media which may prove preferable.—Ed.]

The Soiling of the Fingers may be entirely avoided by a simple expedient. Use a slightly concave horizontal dish for sensitizing, and a depth of solution not sufficient to wet the back of the collodionized plate, and after the impressed plate has been placed on the levelled stand and developed, proceed thus: instead of holding the plate by the fingers to perform the subsequent processes, take a strip of glass (say five inches long and one and a half wide for the ordinary portrait size), put a single drop of water on it, and carefully pass it beneath the developed plate; lift the glass thereby; the adhesion is sufficiently firm to sustain the plate in any required position for the remaining manipulations till it is washed and finished.

Cokely.

Sir W. Newton's Process.—Chloride of Bromium.—May I ask, through the medium of your very excellent journal, what purpose Sir W. Newton intends to meet by the application of his wash of chloride of barium previous to iodizing?

F. Maxwell Lyte.

The Collodion Process.—Absence from London has prevented my seeing your Numbers regularly; but in one for December I see Mr. Archer has used my name in connexion with the collodion process. He states that he called several times, and made me familiar with the process; by which he would lead persons to suppose that he taught me in fact to take pictures. Now I beg most distinctly to state that this is incorrect. Mr. Archer made, it is true, several attempts in my glass room to take a picture, but totally failed. And why? Because he attempted to follow out the process as he himself had published it. From that time I worked it out by myself, assisted by hints from Mr. Fry, who at the time I allude to was a successful manipulator, and had produced and exhibited many beautiful pictures, and at whose suggestion I commenced it in the first instance.

There is also another portion of Mr. Archer's letter incorrect; but as this relates to the sale of collodion, I will let it pass, trusting, as you have given insertion to his, you will not refuse space for mine.

F. Horne.

123. Newgate Street.

Portable Camera (Vol. vii., p. 71.).—If India rubber should turn out to be what H. Y. W. N. thinks he has found it to be, it would be capable of being turned to excellent account. For instance, instead of having a single "portable camera," which is on many accounts very awkward to use, why should not the tourist have a light framework constructed, and covered entirely with this India rubber: in fact, an India rubber box, in which his camera, and a partitioned shelf containing his collodion, developing fluid, hypo-soda solution, &c., might be easily packed, and in which, by the aid of sleeves, &c., he might coat his plates, and develop and fix them, quite apart from his camera? He must have something to pack his camera, &c. in; and the above-described packing-case would be very light, and also waterproof.

J. L. S.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Chaplains to Noblemen (Vol. vii., p. 85.).—The statute in which chaplains to noblemen are first named is 21 Henry VIII. c. 13. (1529); in which, by sect. 11., it is enacted, "that every Archbysshop and Duke may have vj chapleyns;" "every Markes and Erle may have fyve chapleyns;" "every vycecount and other Byshop may have foure chapleyns;" and "the Chancellour of England for the tyme beying and every Baron or Knyght of the Garter may have thre chapleyns:" and one chaplain of each order, whether Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, or Baron, is thereby authorised to purchase "lycence or dispensacion to take, receyve, and kepe two parsonages or benefices with cure of souls" (Stat. of the Realm, vol. iii. p. 294.). I believe that X. will find a regular registry of these appointments in Doctors' Commons.

It may be interesting to add, that among the other persons named in this statute are the Master of the Rolls, who may have "two chapleyns;" and the "Chefe Justice of the Kinges Benche," who may have "one chapleyn." By another statute, 25 Henry VIII. c. 16. (1533-4), this last power to have one chaplain is extended to "every Jugge of the seid high courtes" (King's Bench and Common Pleas), "the Chaunceller and Cheffe Baron of the Exchequer, the kynges generall attorney and generall soliciter" (Ibid. p. 457.)

Edward Foss.

Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger (Vol. vi., p. 614.).—I have been and still am inquiring into the two cases of mitigation, intending to send the result, when I have found satisfactory evidence, or exhausted my sources of inquiry. The communication of Whunside is the first direct testimony, and may settle the Fawcett case. As he was "resident at Mr. Fawcett's when the circumstances occurred," perhaps he will be so kind as to state the date and place of the conviction, and the name of the convict. By adding his own name, the facts will stand upon his authority.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

Brydone the Tourist (Vol. vii., p. 108.).—A. B. C. inquires the birthplace of Brydone, "the tourist and author." I presume he refers to Patrick Brydone, who wrote Travels in Sicily and Malta, and who held, I believe, an appointment under the Commissioners of Stamps, and died about thirty years ago. Some four-and-twenty years back, I arrived, late in the evening, at the hospitable cottage of Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, at Altrieve, in the vale of Yarrow. It happened to be, as it often was, too full of guests to afford me a bed; and I was transferred by my host to the house of a neighbouring gentleman, where I slept. That gentleman was Mr. Brydone, of Mount Benger, who I found was a near relative of Brydone the tourist, whose birthplace was in the Forest of Ettrick.

M. R—son.

Yankee (Vol. vii., p. 103.).—I am afraid Mr. Bell's ingenious speculations must give way to facts. Our transatlantic brethren do not, either willingly or unwillingly, adopt Yankee as their "collective name." Yankee was, and is, a name given exclusively to the natives of the New England States, and was never therefore applied, by an American, to the people of New Amsterdam or New York. Here, in England, indeed, we are accustomed to call all Americans Yankees; which is about the same thing as to call all Englishmen Devonians or Lancastrians.

Y. A.

Miniature Ring of Charles I. (Vol. vi., p. 578.).—One of the four rings inquired for is in the possession of Mrs. Andrew Henderson, of 102. Gloucester Place, Portman Square, formerly Miss Adolphus. It came to her in the female line, through her mother's family. The unfortunate Charles I. presented it to Sir Lionel Walden, on the morning on which he lost his life. It bears (as the other one alluded to in Hulbert's History of Salop) a miniature likeness of the king, set in small brilliants. Inside the ring are the words, "Sic transit gloria regum." Mrs. Henderson understood the four rings to have been presented as follows:—Bishop Juxon, Sir Lionel Walden, Colonel Ashburnham, and Herbert his secretary. Which of the four is now in the possession of the Misses Pigott is not mentioned.

Anon.

Bishop of Ossory—Cardinal's Hat (Vol. vii., p. 72.).—A. S. A. is quite correct, that the hat is common to all prelates, and that the distinction is only in the number of the tassels to the hat-strings; but I think he is wrong in attributing the hat to priors. I believe it only belonged to abbots, who had black hats and tassels; while the colour of the prelatical hats and tassels was green. (See Père Anselme's Palais d'Honneur, chap. xxii. and plate.)

C.

Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter (Vol. vii., p. 14.).—Hugh Oldham bore for his arms, Sa. a chevron or, between three owls proper on a chief of the second, three roses gu. (See Isaacke's Memorials of the City of Exeter; and also Burke's Armory, under the name Oldom.) I have endeavoured to find some pedigree or particulars of his family, but as yet without success. The following Notes from what I have collected may, however, assist J. B. in his inquiries. He was of Queen's College, Cambridge, and chaplain to the Countess of Richmond (King Henry VII.'s mother), and by her interest was installed Bp. of Exeter, April 3, 1507. He was a great benefactor to Brazenose College, Oxford, and joint founder (with Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester) of Corpus Christi. He also founded and endowed a school at Manchester, for educating boys in good and useful literature. He died June 25, 1523, under sentence of excommunication, in consequence of an action at law then pending between him and the Abbot of Tavistock; but the Pope's sanction being obtained, he was buried in a chapel built expressly for the purpose, at the upper end of the south aisle of his own cathedral.

J. T—t.

"Sic transit gloria mundi" (Vol. vi., pp. 100. 183.).—I have lately found two additional passages, which speak of this line being used at the Pope's inauguration. The first is amongst the writings of Cornelius à Lapide:

"Datus est mihi stimulus carnis meæ Angelus Satanæ, qui me colaphizet." ... "Datus est non a Diabolo sed a Deo; non quod Deus tentationis sit auctor, sed quia diabolo tentare Paulum parato, id permisit, idque tantum in specie et materia libidinis ad eum humiliandum. Ita August. de Natura et Grat., c. 27. Hic monitor, ait Hieron., Epist. 25., ad Paulum de obitu Blæsillæ, Paulo datus est, ad premendam superbiam, uti in curru triumphali triumphanti datur Monitor suggerens: hominem te esse memento. Uti et Pontifici cum inauguratur, stupa accensa et mox extincta accinitur:

"Pater sancte sic transit gloria mundi."

Commentaria in 2nd. Epist. ad Cor. cap. xii. 7.

vol. ix. p. 404.: Antwerpiæ, 1705, fol.

The second passage is merely a repetition of the above-quoted words of A Lapide, but I may as well subjoin a reference to it: Ursini Paralipomena, lib. ii., Meletematum, p. 315.: Norimbergæ, 1667, 12mo.

Rt.

Warmington.

Wake (Vol. vi., p. 532.).—In a Wake pedigree in my possession, the name of the wife of Sir Hugh Wake, Knight, Lord of Blisworth, who died May 4, 1315, is stated to be "Joane, daughter and co-heiress of John de Wolverton." I am unable to say now on what authority.

W. S. (Sheffield.)

Sir Hugh Wake, Lord of Deeping in Lincolnshire and Blyseworth in Northamptonshire, married Joane, daughter and co-heiress of John de Wolverton. (See Kimber and Johnson's Baronetage, 3 vols. 1771.)

Broctana.

Bury, Lancashire.

"Words are given to man to conceal his thoughts" (Vol. vi., p. 575.).—This saying may be anterior to Dr. South's time, as the first number of The World, under the assumed name of Adam Fitz-Adam, Thursday, January 4, 1753, begins with the following:

"At the village of Arouche, in the province of Estremadura (says an old Spanish author), lived Gonzales de Castro, who from the age of twelve to fifty-two years was deaf, dumb, and blind."

After relating the sudden restoration of his faculties, "Fitz-Adam" proceeds:

"But, as if the blessings of this life were only given us for afflictions, he began in a few weeks to lose the relish of his enjoyments, and to repine at the possession of those faculties, which served only to discover to him the follies and disorders of his neighbours, and to teach him that the intent of speech was too often to deceive."

It may serve to probe the matter of age to ask, Who was "the old Spanish author" alluded to? Also, where may be found the hexameter line—

"ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθει ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἄλλο δὲ βάζει."

equivalent to the common expression, "He says one thing and means another," and of which the maxim attribute to Goldsmith, Talleyrand, the Morning Chronicle, and South, seems only a stronger form?

Furvus.

St. James's.

Inscription on Penny of George III. (Vol. vii., p. 65.).—"Stabit quocunque jeceris" (it will stand in whatever way you throw it) is the well-known motto of the Isle of Mann, and has reference to the arms of the island, which are—Gules, three armed legs argent, flexed in triangle, garnished and spurred or. I venture to conjecture that the three legs of Mann were also on the penny J. M. A. mentioned.

Some curious lines about this motto are to be found in The Isle of Mann Guide, by James Brotherston Laughton, B.A. (Douglas, 1850): one verse is—

"With spurs and bright cuishes, to make them look neat,

He rigg'd out the legs; then to make them complete,

He surrounded the whole with four fine Roman feet.

They were 'Quocunque jeceris stabit,'

A thorough-paced Roman Iamb."

The fore-mentioned work also contains a song entitled "The Copper Row," referring to the disturbances occasioned by the coinage of 1840.

Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

This is, I suppose, a Manx penny, with the reverse of three legs, and the motto, which is usually read "Quocunque jeceris stabit."

C.

"Nine Tailors make a Man" (Vol. vi., pp. 390. 563.).—I extract the following humorous account of the origin of this saying from The British Apollo (12mo., reprint of 1726, vol. i. p. 236.):

"It happen'd ('tis no great matter in what year) that eight taylors, having finish'd considerable pieces of work at a certain person of quality's house (whose name authors have thought fit to conceal), and receiving all the money due for the same, a virago servant maid of the house observing them to be but slender-built animals, and in their mathematical postures on their shop-board appearing but so many pieces of men, resolv'd to encounter and pillage them on the road. The better to compass her design, she procured a very terrible great black-pudding, which (having waylaid them) she presented at the breast of the foremost: they, mistaking this prop of life for an instrument of death, at least a blunder-buss, readily yielded up their money; but she, not contented with that, severely disciplin'd them with a cudgel she carry'd in the other hand, all which they bore with a philosophical resignation. Thus, eight not being able to deal with one woman, by consequence could not make a man, on which account a ninth is added. 'Tis the opinion of our curious virtuosos, that this want of courage ariseth from their immoderate eating of cucumbers, which too much refrigerates their blood. However, to their eternal honour be it spoke, they have been often known to encounter a sort of cannibals, to whose assaults they are often subject, not fictitious, but real man-eaters, and that with a lance but two inches long; nay, and although they go arm'd no further than their middle-finger."

Sigma.

Sunderland.

On Quotations (Vol. vi., p. 408.).—There can be no doubt that quotations have frequently been altered, to make them more apt to the quoter's purpose, of which I believe the following to be an instance. We frequently meet with the quotation, "Nullum numen abest, si sit prudentia," with a reference to Juvenal. I have not been able to find the passage in this shape, and presume it is an alteration from the address to Fortune, which occurs twice in his Satires, Sat. x. v. 365, 366., and Sat. xiv. v. 315, 316.:

"Nullum numen habes, si sit prudentia: nos te

Nos facimus, Fortuna, Deam, cœloque locamus."

The alteration is evidently not a mere verbal one, but changes entirely the meaning and allusion of the passage.

J. S. Warden.

Rhymes on Places (Vol. v., pp. 293. 374. 500.).—In addition to the local rhymes given in your pages, I call to mind the following, not inserted in Grose. They are peculiar to the North of England:

"Rothbury for goats' milk,

And the Cheviots for mutton;

Cheswick for its cheese and bread,

And Tynemouth for a glutton."

"Harnham was headless, Bradford breadless,

And Shaftoe pick'd at the craw;

Capheaton was a wee bonny place,

But Wallington bang'd them a'."

The craw, in the second rhyme, alludes to the Crasters, anciently Crancester, an old family in the parish of Hartburn, who succeeded to the estates of the Shaftoe family.

Edward F. Rimbault.

Coins in Foundations (Vol. vi., p. 270.).—I have a manuscript notice of an early example of this custom. It is in a hand of the earlier half of the seventeenth century. The Bostonians knew better, however, than to bury their "great gifts;" and all who travel the Great Northern Railway will be glad to preserve the names of the great givers, who afforded so noble a relief to the tedium of Boston station.

"The buylding of Boston Steeple.

"Md. That in the yeere of or Lord God 1309, the steeple of Boston, on the Monday next following Palme Sunday, was digged wt many myners till Mydsomer; and by that time they were deeper than the bottom of the haven by fyve fote, and there they found a ball of sande nigh a fote thick, and that dyd lye uppon a spring of sand neere three fote thick, and that dyd lye uppon a bed of clay, the thicknesse thereof could not be known. And there, uppon Monday nexte after the feast of St. John Baptist, was layd the first stone, and that stone layd Dame Margaret Tylney, and thereuppon layd she vl. sterling. The nexte stone was layd by Sr John Tattersall, prson of Boston, who layd down thereuppon vl. sterling. And Richard Stevenson, merchant of the Staple, layd the third stone, and thereuppon vl. sterling. And these were all the great guifts that at that time were given thereunto. Remaining amongst the records at Lincolne.

Tho. Turner."

H. T. H.

Sheffield.

Fleshed, Meaning of (Vol. vi., p. 578.).—Johnson (edit. 1823) glosses to flesh (from Sidney), to harden in any practice. An old author, in a passage which I have lately read, though I cannot now refer to it, talks of vice being fleshed (i.e. ingrown) in a man.

W. Barnes.

Dorchester.

Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh, 1543 (Vol. vii., p. 66.).—I know of no detailed account of this prelate, and am unable to furnish any particulars in addition to those stated by A. S. A., except that "he died in a convent of Jesuits at Paris, on the 10th of November, 1551," as stated by Ware, vol. i. p. 94. of his Works, Dublin, 1739. I may also add the following remark, which I find in a note, by M. Le Courayer, to his French translation of Fra-Paolo Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent (London, 1736), tome i. p. 221.:

"La raillerie que fait de lui Fra-Paolo, en le louant de bien courir la poste, et qu'il a tirée de Sleidan, vient apparemment du nombre de voyages qu'il fit en Allemagne, en France, et ailleurs, pour exécuter différentes commissions, dont il fut chargé par les Papes."

Tyro.

Dublin.

Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting (Vol. vii., p. 65.).—Karelvan Glander, Leven der beroemdste Schilders, Hollandsche en Vlaamsche (Lives of the most celebrated Dutch and Flemish Painters). This work is of the beginning of the seventeenth century. A better work is the Levens der beroemdste Hollandsche en Vlaamsche Schilders, by Immerzeel, published in 1836.

H. v. L.

Furmety or Frumenty (Vol. vi., p. 604.).—Erica asks if furmety can claim descent from the once popular dish plum-porridge, mentioned in the Tatler and Spectator.

Though not a direct answer, the following quotation from Washington Irving's Sketch Book will show that it was in request at the season when plum-pudding abounds, notwithstanding the orthodoxy of its use on Mid-Lent Sunday. In his account of the Christmas festivities at Bracebridge Hall, speaking of the supper on Christmas Eve, he says:

"The table was abundantly spread with substantial fare, but the Squire made his supper of frumenty, a dish made of wheat cakes boiled in milk, with rich spices, being a standing dish in old times for Christmas Eve."

W. H. Cotton.

Etymology of Pearl (Vol. vi., p. 578.; Vol. vii., p. 18.).—Sir Emerson Tennent inquires as to the antiquity of the word pearl in the English language. Pærl occurs in Anglo-Saxon (Bosworth in v.), and corresponding forms are found in the Scandinavian languages, as well as in the Welsh and Irish. The old German form of the word is berille. Richardson in v. quotes an instance of the adjective pearled from Gower, who belongs to the fourteenth century. The use of union for pearl, cited by Sir E. Tennent from Burton, is a learned application of the word, and never was popular in our language.

I may add that Muratori inserts the word perla in the Italian Glossary, in his 33rd Dissertation on Italian Mediæval Antiquities. He believes the origin of the word to be Teutonic, but throws no light on the subject. It appears from Halliwell's Arch. and Prov. Dictionary, that white spots in the eyes were anciently called pearls. M‘Culloch, Commercial Dictionary in v., particularly speaks of the pear-shaped form of the pearl; and, on the whole, the supposition that perula is equivalent to pear-ling, seems the most probable.

L.

Folkestone (Vol. vi., p. 507.).—Various etymologies have been given with a view of arriving at the right one for this town. I have to inform you that the places of that part of Kent where Folkeston, so properly spelt on the seal of the ancient priory, is situated, receive their etymologies from local or geological distinctions. Folkeston forms no exception to the general rule. The soil consists of a most beautiful yellow sand, such as the Romans distinguished by the word Fulvus. This the Saxons contracted into Fulk, which word has become a family prenomen, as in Fulke-Greville, Fulk-Brooke; in other terms, the yellow Greville or yellow Brook; and Folkeston is nothing more than the yellow town, so called from the nature of the soil on which it is built.

S.

The Curfew Bell (Vol. vi., p. 53.).—

"During the last 700 years, the curfew bell has been regularly tolled in the town of Sandwich: but now it is said it is to be discontinued, in consequence of the corporation funds being at so low an ebb as not to allow of the payment of the paltry sum of some 4l. or 5l. per annum."—Kentish Observer.

Anon.

Confirmation Superstition (Vol. vi., p. 601.).—It is singular, that though the office is called "the laying on of hands," the rubric says, "the bishop shall lay his hand on the head of every one severally." When was the ἐπίθεσις χειρῶν (Heb. vi. 2.) changed into an ἐπίθεσις χειρὸς?

A. A. D.

Degree of B.C.L. (Vol. vii., p. 38.).—On Feb. 25, 1851, a statute was passed at Oxford, by Convocation, which requires that the candidate for the degree of B.C.L. should have passed his examination for the degree of B.A., and attended one course of lectures with the Regius Professor of Civil Law. In the case of particular colleges, twenty terms must have been kept: by members of other colleges, twenty-four terms must have been completed. The examination is upon the four books, or any part of them, of the Institutes of Justinian, or works which serve to illustrate them in the science of civil law, of which six months' notice is previously given by the Regius Professor.

At Cambridge, a B.A. of four years' standing can be admitted LL.B. The candidate must have passed the previous examination; attended the lectures of the professor for three terms; be examined; and after four years' standing, and residence of three terms, keep his act.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

Robert Heron (Vol. vi., p. 389.).—The literary career of this individual in London is selected by D'Israeli as an illustration of his Calamities of Authors. Some farther particulars of him, in an editorial capacity, will be found in Fraser's Magazine, vol. xx. p. 747.

William Bates.

Birmingham.

Shakspeare's "Twelfth Night" (Vol. vii., p. 51.).—If the term "case," as applied to apparel, requires any further elucidation, it may be found in the "Certaine opening and drawing Distiches," prefixed to Coryat's Crudities, 4to., 1611. And the engraved title, which the verses are intended to explain, places before the eye, in a most unmistakeable form, the articles which compose a man's "case."

F. S. Q.

Catcalls (Vol. vi., pp. 460. 559.).—For a long and humorous dissertation upon this instrument, I beg to refer your sceptical correspondent M. M. E. to page 130. of a scarce and amusing little work, entitled A Taste of the Town, or a Guide to all Publick Diversions, &c.; London, printed and sold by the booksellers of London and Westminster, 1731, 12mo. The passages are not unworthy of transcription; but, I fear, would be too long for insertion in your columns.

William Bates.

Birmingham.

"Plurima, pauca, nihil," (Vol. vi., p. 511.; Vol. vii., p. 96.).—The following couplet will be found in Jo. Burch. Menckenii De Charlataneria Eruditorum Declamationes, page 181. of the edit. Amst. 1727. The lines are there given as a specimen of "versus quos Galli vocant rapportez:"

"Vir simplex, fortasse bonus, sed Pastor ineptus,

Vult, tentat, peragit, plurima, pauca, nihil."

N. B.

I have met with the following metrical proverb, which may afford satisfaction to your correspondent, which dates certainly before 1604:

"Modus retinendorum amicorum.

Temporibus nostris quicunque placere laborat,

Det, capiat, quærat, plurima, pauca, nihil."

Also this:

"Plurima des, perpauca petas, nil accipe: si nil

Accipias, et pauca petas, et plurima dones,

Gratus eris populo, te mille sequentur amici.

Si nihilum trades, citò eris privatus amico:

Plurima si quæres, multam patiêre repulsam:

Si multa accipias, populus te dicet avarum.

Nil cape, pauca petas, des plurima, habebis amicos."

W. C. H.

Ben Jonson's adopted Sons (Vol. v., pp. 537. 588.).—I had made some Notes on this subject, but have never seen stated that their number was limited to twelve. I have got ten on my list, but am unable at present to give my authorities; but I can assure your Inquirer, at p. 537., that their names are honestly come by:

"Thomas Randolph, Richard Brome, William Cartwright, Sir Henry Morrison, James Howell, Joseph Rutter, Robert Herrick, Lord Falkland, Sir John Suckling, Shackerly Marmion."

S. Wmson.

Mistletoe (Vol. vi., p. 589.).—Mistletoe grows on one oak in Hackwood Park, near Basingstoke, where it is extremely plentiful on hawthorns.

J. P. O.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Camden Society has, after a long silence, just issued a volume, The Camden Miscellany, Volume the Second, which from the variety and interest of its contents, cannot but be acceptable to all the members. These contents are, I. Account of the Expenses of John of Brabant, and Henry and Thomas of Lancaster, 1292-93.—II. Household Account of the Princess Elizabeth, 1551-52.—III. The Bequeste and Suite of a True-hearted Englishman, written by William Cholmeley, 1553.—IV. Discovery of the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell in March, 1627-28.—V. Trelawny Papers.—VI. Autobiography of William Taswell, D. D. This, which is the first book for the year 1852-53, will be immediately followed by a volume of Verney Papers, editing by Mr. Bruce; and this probably by The Domesday of St. Paul's, editing by Archdeacon Hale, or The Correspondence of Lady Brilliana Harley, editing by the Rev. T. T. Lewis. Early in the ensuing Camden year, which commences on the 1st of May, two volumes of considerable interest may be looked for, namely, The Roll of the Household Expenses of Richard Swinfield, Bishop of Hereford, in the years 1289-90, with illustrations from other and coeval Documents by the Rev. John Webb; and Regulæ Inclusarum, The Ancren Rewle, A Treatise on the Rules and Duties of Monastic Life, addressed to a Society of Anchorites by Simon of Ghent, a work valuable for philology, for it is written in the semi-Saxon dialect of the thirteenth century, and curious for its illustration of ancient manners. It will be accompanied by a translation by the Rev. James Morton, the editor.

The Architectural, Archæological, and Historic Society for the County, City, and Neighbourhood of Chester, has just published the Second Part of its Journal, in which objects of local interest are made available for much instructive information; and to accomplish which the conductors have, and as we think wisely, preferred a great number of apt illustrations, executed without any pretence to artistic skill, to a few expensive and highly-finished engravings.

Our Dutch neighbours seem to enjoy as much as ourselves the humour of Charles Dickens. Not only is Bleak House regularly translated as it appears, but in a bookseller's circular which has just reached us, we see announced translations of the Sketches by Boz, and of a Selection from Household Words.

There is much tact required in writing for children, and no small share of this is exhibited in a History of France for Children, which Viscount Cranborne has just compiled for the use of his nieces. The principal events are brought forward in succession, and related in a plain, unaffected style, well calculated for youthful readers.

Books Received.—Joan of Arc, by Lord Mahon, the new number of Murray's Railway Library, is a reprint, from the noble author's Historical Essays, of his careful summary of Joan's extraordinary history.—Cyclopædia Bibliographica, a Library Manual of Theological and General Literature, the fifth part of Mr. Darling's most useful guide for authors, preachers, students, and literary men.—Synodalia, a Journal of Convocation, Nos. 1. to 4.; four parts of a monthly periodical, instituted not so much for the purpose of securing immediately synodical action in the Church, as with the view of preparing the public mind for its reception.—Ferdinand I. and Maximilian II. of Austria, or a view of the Religion and Political State of Germany after the Reformation. An able and instructive essay by Professor Von Ranke, well translated for Longman's Traveller's Library by Sir A. and Lady Duff Gordon.—Kidd's Own Journal for January, 1853. The new number of a journal which deserves the notice of all lovers of natural history and keepers of pets.—Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England, by J. Y. Akerman; Part III., containing Beads, Crystal Ball, and Bulla from Breach Down, and Glass Vase from Cuddesden, drawn of their original size and coloured.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Chronon-ho-ton-thologos, by H. Carey.

The Dragon of Wantley, by H. Carey.

Gammer Gurton's Story Books, edited by Ambrose Merton. 13 Parts (Original Edition).

Hayward's British Museum. 3 Vols. 12mo. 1738.

Theobald's Shakspeare Restored. 4to. 1726.

Illustrated Commentary on the Old and New Testaments. Vol. I. 1840. Knight.

History of the Old and New Testament, by Prideaux. Vol I. 1717-18.

Menageries—Quadrupeds: "Library of Entertaining Knowledge," Vol. II.

Peter Simple. Illustrated Edition. Saunders and Otley. Vols. II. and III.

Historical Memoirs of Queens of England, by Hannah Lawrance. Vol. II.

Ingram's Saxon Chronicle. 4to. London, 1823.

Newman's Ferns. Large Edition.

Enigmatical Entertainer. Nos. I. and II. 1827 and 1828. Sherwood & Co.

Northumbrian Mirror. New Series. 1841, &c.

British Diary for 1794, by Cotes and Hall.

Reuben Burrow's Diarie, 1782-1788.

Marrat's Scientific Journal. New York.

Mathematical Correspondent (American).

Leeds Correspondent. Vol. V., Nos. 1, 2, and 3.

Mathematical Miscellany. 1735.

Whiting's Select Exercises, with Key.

Walton and Cotton's Angler, by Hawkins. Part II. 1784.

De la Croix's Connubia Florum. Bathoniæ, 1791. 8vo.

Reid's Historical Botany. Windsor, 1826. 3 Vols. 12mo.

Anthologia Borealis et Australis.

Florilegium Sanctarum Aspirationum.

Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici, 3 tom. fol. Romæ, 1728-1737.

Townsend's Parisian Costumes. 3 Vols. 4to. 1831-1839.

The Book of Adam.

The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, the Sons of Jacob.

Massinger's Plays, by Gifford. Vol. IV. 8vo. Second Edition. 1813.

Spectator. Vols. V and VII. 12mo. London, 1753.

Costerus (François) Cinquante Meditations de toute l'Histoire de la Passion de Nostre Seigneur. 8vo. Anvers, Christ. Plantin.; or any of the works of Costerus in any language.

Guardian. 12mo.

What the Chartists are. A Letter to English Working Men, by a Fellow-Labourer. 12mo. London, 1848.

Letter of Church Rates, by Ralph Barnes. 8vo. London, 1837.

Colman's Translation of Horace De Arte Poetica. 4to. 1783.

Boscawen's Treatise on Satire. London, 1797.

Johnson's Lives (Walker's Classics). Vol. I.

Titmarsh's Paris Sketch-book. Post 8vo. Vol. I. Macrone, 1840.

Fielding's Works. Vol. XI. (being second of "Amelia.") 12mo. 1808.

Holcroft's Lavater. Vol. I. 8vo. 1789.

Otway. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 1768.

Edmondson's Heraldry. Vol. II. Folio, 1780.

Sermons and Tracts, by W. Adams, D.D.

Ben Jonson's Works. (London, 1716. 6 Vols.) Vol. II. wanted.

*** Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send their names.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES" 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

J. F. (Halifax). How can a letter be addressed to this Correspondent?

J. O., who inquired respecting Johanna Southcote. How can we forward a letter to him?

Mousey. A cat is called Grimalkin, or more properly Gray Malkin, from the name of a Fiend supposed to assume the shape of a cat. Shakspeare, in his Macbeth, makes the First Witch exclaim,

"I come, Graymalkin."

E. J. G. We must refer our Correspondent to the critical commentators on the passage: Lowth or Wintle, for instance.

Inquisitor, who writes respecting Rotten Row, is referred to our 1st Vol., p. 441.; 2nd Vol., p. 235.; and our 5th Vol., pp. 40. 160.

F. R. D. (Dublin). The arms on the impression of the seal forwarded by our Correspondent are obviously German, from the helmet, the style of lambrequin, and more particularly from the charges or bearings of which the coat is composed. It is probably of the date assigned to it by F. R. D.

Shaw's Stafford MSS. We have a note for our Correspondent on this subject, N. C. L. Where shall it be sent?

O. G. Will our Correspondent kindly favour us with the notices of Dr. Deacon contained in Townshend's Common-Place Book, for the benefit of another member of the literary brotherhood, who, we know, has been for some time past making collections for a Life of that remarkable Nonjuring bishop?

Replies to Photographic Correspondents next week.

An Anxious Inquirer should state more precisely what branch of Photography he intends to pursue. Professor Hunt's Manual of Photography, of which the Third Edition has just been published, is the fullest which has yet appeared in this country. He will obtain Lists of Prices of Lenses, Cameras, &c. from any of the Photographic Houses whose Advertisements appear in our columns.

Photographic Society. All communications respecting this Society should be addressed to the Honorary Secretary, "Roger Fenton, Esq., 2. Albert Terrace, Albert Road, Regent's Park."

Errata.—No. 171. p. 136. col. 2. line 48. for "with" read "in;" and p. 137. col. 1. l. 18. for "remark" read "mask."

"Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

M. GUIZOT ON THE FINE ARTS.

Now ready, medium 8vo., cloth extra, 14s.

THE FINE ARTS: THEIR NATURE AND RELATIONS. With detailed Criticisms on Certain Pictures of the Italian and French Schools. By M. GUIZOT. Translated from the French, with the assistance of the Author, by GEORGE GROVE. With 17 Illustrations, drawn on Wood by GEORGE SCHARF, Jun.

London: THOMAS BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street.

To Members of Learned Societies, Authors, &c.

ASHBEE & DANGERFIELD, LITHOGRAPHERS, DRAUGHTSMEN, AND PRINTERS, 18. Broad Court, Long Acre.

A. & D. respectfully beg to announce that they devote particular attention to the execution of ANCIENT AND MODERN FAC-SIMILES, comprising Autograph Letters, Deeds, Charters, Title-pages, Engravings, Woodcuts, &c., which they produce from any description of copies with the utmost accuracy, and without the slightest injury to the originals.

Among the many purposes to which the art of Lithography is most successfully applied, may be specified,—ARCHÆOLOGICAL DRAWINGS, Architecture, Landscapes, Marine Views, Portraits from Life or Copies, Illuminated MSS., Monumental Brasses, Decorations, Stained Glass Windows, Maps, Plans, Diagrams, and every variety of illustrations requisite for Scientific and Artistic Publications.

PHOTOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS lithographed with the greatest care and exactness.

LITHOGRAPHIC OFFICES, 18. Broad Court, Long Acre, London.

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas: Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

This day is published, 8vo., sewed, price 2s. 6d., or by Post, 3s.

THE GHOST OF JUNIUS: or, the Author of the celebrated "Letters" by this Anonymous Writer identified with Lieut.-General Sir Robert Rich, Bart. By FRANCIS AYERST.

"Look, my Lord, it comes!"

Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 4.

London: THOMAS BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street.

In 8vo., price 6s. 6d., the Third Edition of

SOME ACCOUNT OF THE WRITINGS AND OPINIONS OF JUSTIN MARTYR. By JOHN KAYE, D.D., Lord Bishop of Lincoln.

RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;

Of whom may be had, by the same Author,

1. CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

2. TERTULLIAN. Third Edition. 11s. 6d.

3. THE COUNCIL OF NICÆA, in Connexion with the LIFE of ATHANASIUS. (Nearly ready.)

This day, fcap. 8vo., 3s.

ON THE LESSONS IN PROVERBS. Five Lectures. By RICHARD CHENEVIX TRENCH, B. D., Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Oxford; and Professor of Divinity, King's College, London.

By the same Author.

ON THE STUDY of WORDS. Six Lectures. Fourth Edition. 3s. 6d.

NOTES on the PARABLES. Fifth Edition. 12s.

NOTES on the MIRACLES. Third Edition. 12s.

London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.

On 1st of February, price 1s., No. II. New Series.

THE ECCLESIASTIC.

Contents:

The Religion of the Fine Arts.

Master on the Occasional Services of the Church.

Bishops, Patrons, and Presentees.

The New Editions of Bishop Wilson.

Greek Hymnology.

Cambridge Edition of Minucius Felix.

Religious Opinions in Ireland.

Reviews and Notices.

Also, price 1s. 6d. No. XCIV. (LVIII. New Series) of

THE ECCLESIOLOGIST. Published under the Superintendence of the Ecclesiological, late Cambridge Camden Society.

Contents:—Ely Cathedral; The Rood-Screen and the Iconostasis (No. I.); Mr. Beckman on Swedish Churches and Church Offices; "Godwin's History in Ruins;" The Department of Practical Art and the Architectural Museum; The Ecclesiological Motett Society; Messrs. Bowman and Crowther; "Churches of the Middle Ages;" English Service Books at Cambridge; The Munich Glass in Kilndown Church; Architectural Institute of Scotland; Transactions of the Exeter Diocesan Architectural Society; New Churches and Restorations; Mr. Helmore's Lecture at Brighton; Wells Cathedral; Reports, &c.

London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street, and New Bond Street.

MONASTICON DIOCŒSIS EXONIENSIS.

THE REV. DR. G. OLIVER'S MONASTICON DIOCŒSIS EXONIENSIS: being a Collection of Records and Instruments illustrating the Ancient Conventual, Collegiate, and Eleemosynary Foundations in Devon and Cornwall. Folio, cloth boards (published at 4l.), now reduced to 1l. 16s. 1846. The same, half bound in morocco, tops gilt, 2l. 6s. 1846.

Just published, gratis, and post free,

A. HOLDEN'S EXETER BOOK CIRCULAR. Parts II. and III. A Catalogue of Second-hand Books, of all classes, in good condition.

Exeter: A. HOLDEN. London: NATTALI & BOND.

ROSS'S PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT AND LANDSCAPE LENSES.—These lenses give correct definition at the centre and margin of the picture, and have their visual and chemical acting foci coincident.

Great Exhibition Jurors' Reports, p. 274.

"Mr. Ross prepares lenses for Portraiture having the greatest intensity yet produced, by procuring the coincidence of the chemical actinic and visual rays. The spherical aberration is also very carefully corrected, both in the central and oblique pencils."

"Mr. Ross has exhibited the best Camera in the Exhibition. It if furnished with a double achromatic object-lens, about three inches aperture. There is no stop, the field is flat, and the image very perfect up to the edge."

Catalogues sent upon Application.

A. ROSS, 2. Featherstone Buildings, High Holborn.

Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,

The WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY. New Edition. Translated from the last Edition of the French.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS., Foster Lane, London.

Manufacturers of Photographic Apparatus and Materials, consisting of Cameras, Stands, Coating Boxes, Pressure Frames, Glass and Porcelain Dishes, &c., and pure Photographic Chemicals, suited for practising the Daguerreotype, Talbotype, Waxed-Paper, Albumen and Collodion Processes, adapted to stand any Climate, and fitted for the Requirements of the Tourist or Professional Artist.

Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.

General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and other Talbotype Papers.

Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, has now obtained an European fame; it supersedes the use of all other preparations of Collodion. Witness the subjoined Testimonial.

"122. Regent Street

"Dear Sir,—In answer to your inquiry of this morning, I have no hesitation in saying that your preparation of Collodion is incomparably better and more sensitive than all the advertised Collodio-Iodides, which, for my professional purposes, are quite useless when compared to yours.

"I remain, dear Sir,

"Yours faithfully,

"N. Henneman.

Aug. 30. 1852.

to Mr. R.W. Thomas."

MR. R. W. THOMAS begs most earnestly to caution photographers against purchasing impure chemicals, which are now too frequently sold at very low prices. It is to this cause nearly always that their labours are unattended with success.

Chemicals of absolute purity, especially prepared for this art, may be obtained from R. W. THOMAS, Chemist and Professor of Photography, 10. Pall Mall.

N.B.—The name of Mr. T.'s preparation, Xylo-Iodide of Silver, is made use of by unprincipled persons. To prevent imposition each bottle is stamped with a red label bearing the maker's signature.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.—Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the practice of Photography, according to the instructions of Hunt, Le Gray, Brébisson, &c. &c., may be obtained of WILLIAM BOLTON, Manufacturer of pure chemicals for Photographic and other purposes.

Lists of Prices to be had on application.

146. Holborn Bars.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who published the application of this agent (see Athenæum, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.—MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities, either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of having good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. Delamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place, Bayswater, or at

MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in 1834.—8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.

HONORARY PRESIDENTS.

Earl of Courtown
Earl Leven and Melville
Earl of Norbury
Earl of Stair
Viscount Falkland
Lord Elphinstone
Lord Belhaven and Stenton
Wm. Campbell, Esq.,
of Tillichewan

LONDON BOARD.

Chairman.—Charles Graham, Esq.
Deputy-Chairman.—Charles Downes, Esq.

H. Blair Avarne, Esq.
E. Lennox Boyd, Esq.,
F.S.A., Resident.
C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.
William Fairlie, Esq.
D. Q. Henriques, Esq.
J. G. Henriques, Esq.
F. C. Maitland, Esq.
William Railton, Esq.
F. H. Thomson, Esq.
Thomas Thorby, Esq.

MEDICAL OFFICERS.

Physician.—Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D., 8. Bennett Street, St. James's.
Surgeon.—F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.

The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as follows:—

Sum Assured | Time Assured. | Sum added to Policy | Sum Payable at Death.
In 1841. | In 1848.
£    |  | £   s. d. | £   s. d. | £   s. d.
5000 | 14 years | 683   6  8  | 787 10  0  | 6470 16  8 
* 1000 |   7 years | — | 157 10  0  | 1157 10  0 
500 |   1 year | — | 11   5  0  | 511   5  0 

* Example.—At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in 1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 2¼ per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each 1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the premiums paid.

The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident Director.

THE GERMAN LANGUAGE.—MR. EGESTORFF, translator of Klopstock's Messiah, respectfully announces that he is forming Classes for reading the German Drama, his own English versions, and the German original. The Readings may take place either at his Lodging, No. 8. Gillingham Street, Pimlico, or at the residence of one of the members.

Particulars may be obtained on application to MR. EGESTORFF. The Readings will commence with Schiller's Wallenstein, Mary Stuart, the Maid of Orleans, some Lyric Poems, &c. &c.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.—To be sold, a splendid Achromatic Double Combination Lens. The apertures, seven and eight inches, applicable for portraits, or one of the Lenses for views; the Proprietor leaving England. Apply immediately to A.B., 3. Jewin Crescent, Aldersgate Street. To save trouble, price 60l.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in all its Branches.

Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. Paternoster Row, London.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
W. Cabell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
T. Grissell, Esq.
J. Hunt, Esq.
J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
E. Lucas, Esq.
J. Lys Seager, Esq.
J. B. White, Esq.
J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,
Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D.
Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:—

Age | £ | s. | d. | Age | £ | s. | d.
  17 | 1 | 14 | 4 |   32 | 2 | 10 | 8
  22 | 1 | 18 | 8 |   37 | 2 | 18 | 6
  27 | 2 | 4 | 5 |   42 | 3 | 8 | 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

INCORPORATED ACCORDING TO ACT OF PARLIAMENT.

ATHENÆUM INSTITUTE FOR AUTHORS AND MEN OF SCIENCE, 30. SACKVILLE STREET, LONDON.

Vice-Presidents.

The Most Hon. the Marquis of Bristol, &c.

The Right Hon. the Lord Justice Knight Bruce, &c.

The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., &c.

Lieut.-General Lord Frederick Fitzclarence, G.C.H., &c.

The Right Hon. Viscount Goderich, M.P., &c.

The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Monck, M.P.

Sir George Thomas Staunton, Bart., D.C.L, F.R.S., M.P., &c.

Honorary Directors.

The Hon. J. Master Owen Byng.

William Coningham, Esq.

William Ewart, Esq., M.P.

Charles Kemble, Esq.

Edward Miall, Esq., M.P.

Benjamin Oliveira, Esq., M.P.

Apsley Pellatt, Esq., M.P.

Henry Pownall, Esq.

Wm. Scholefield, Esq., M.P.

The Hon. C. Pelham Villiers, M.P.

James Wyld, Esq.

Treasurer.

Sir John Dean Paul, Bart.

Trustees.

Thomas J. Arnold, Esq.

Herbert Ingram, Esq.

F.G.P. Nelson, Esq., F.L.S.

Auditors.

Alexander Richmond, Esq.

William Smalley, Esq.

Business Directors.

Chairman.—Lieut.-General Palby, C.B.

Deputy-Chairman.—J. Stirling Coyne, Esq.

Bayle Bernard, Esq.

Shirley Brooks, Esq.

W. Downing Bruce, Esq.

J. B. Buckstone, Esq.

Thornton Hunt, Esq.

G. H. Lewes, Esq.

Cyrus Redding, Esq.

Angus B. Reach, Esq.

Managing Director.

F. G. Tomlins, Esq.

Secretary.

Wm. Dalton, Esq.

Solicitor.

G. E. Dennes, Esq., F.L.S.

Consulting Actuary.

R. Thompson Jopling, Esq., F.S.S.

Bankers.

Messrs. Strahan, Paul, Paul, and Bates. 217. Strand.

Agent.

Mr. C. Mitchell, Newspaper Press Directory Office, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.

CONSTITUTION.

The Athenæum Institute is legally incorporated as a Mutual Benefit Society, and the rank and public status of its Vice-Presidents, Honorary Directors, Trustee, and Treasurer, and the well-known character of its business Directors, present a security to Authors, Journalists, and all connected with Literature, that it is based on sound principles, and will be conducted with fidelity and honour.

It consists of two classes of Supporters.

Non-Participating or Honorary Subscribers, who, it is hoped, may include The Royal Family and great Officers of the state, on account of the political and moral influences of Authors; Noblemen and Men of Fortune who have manifested a marked predilection for Literature; Authors of Fortune and others sympathising with, and interested in the labours of literary men.

Participating Subscribers, consisting of Professional Authors, and that large mass of writers who produce the current literature of the age in Works of Science, Imagination, Education, and the Periodical and Newspaper Press of the Empire.

The Constitution of the Society is such that the general body of its members hold the directing power. The Board of Business Directors is elected by it, and their powers and duties, as well as those of the officers, are clearly defined by the laws and rules of the Institute, which are in strict conformity with the elaborate requirements of the Friendly Societies' Act (14th and 15th Victoria, chap. 115.).

The Qualification of Membership is authorship in some shape, but a large and liberal will be the most just interpretation of the term. As close a definition as can be given perhaps is, that it intends to include all who use the pen with an intellectual aim, women as well as men. The printed forms (which can be had on application) will show more minutely what is required to constitute membership.

REVENUE.

The distinguishing feature of the Institute is its applying the principle of Life Assurance in all its transactions.

The Subscriptions of the Honorary Subscribers are applied to an Assurance of the Life of the Donors.

For instance,—The Right Honourable Benjamin Disraeli, Esq., sends a Donation of Twenty-five Pounds, which is immediately invested on an Assurance on his life, and will ultimately produce to the Institute an Endowment of 42l. Or to take another instance,—The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Goderich subscribes Two Guineas per year, which is invested in like manner on an Assurance on his life, and will ultimately Endow the Institute with 100l. And thus the Honorary Subscriptions, instead of being spent as soon as received, are made to form a Capital Fund, which will be ultimately available, as the Lives fall in, to the Provident Members and Participating Subscribers.

The application of the subscriptions of the Honorary Members to assuring their lives, has these advantages:—It tends to create a large capital fund—It enables the Honorary subscribers to see that the undertaking is successful, before their money is expended—It transforms such subscriptions from being an alms-giving for personal purposes, into an Endowment for the general benefit of Literature—It is not like most alms subscriptions to go in casual relief, but to produce a permanent result; such as the foundation of a Hall and chambers, and ultimately the complete organisation of Literature as a recognised profession; to endow permanent annuities, and otherwise aid Literature by succouring Authors.

By this arrangement a very strong inducement is given to the Working Literary Men to subscribe to this Institute and Society beyond all others: as they will not only have all the benefits and profits arising from their own subscriptions, but participate in the Capital Fund, which, there can be no doubt, will be augmented by Donations, Legacies, and Endowments. There is also the special advantage peculiar to such an Institution, of NOMINATING A WIFE OR CHILD to receive immediately the Amount ASSURED at decease IRRESPECTIVE OF ALL OTHER CLAIMS.

The Subscriptions of the Participating Class are as follows:—

One Guinea must be subscribed by every member, which goes towards the expenses of the Institute and the support of the Philanthropic Fund. For this he is entitled to be a candidate for assistance from the Philanthropic Fund; has a Vote at all the General Meetings of the Institute; and will be entitled to certain benefits from the Education and Protective Branches of the Institute when they are brought into operation.

Every Guinea subscribed annually beyond the first Guinea above mentioned, produces the Subscriber an Assurance on his life, according to the Tables specially calculated by the Consulting Actuary of the Institute, and which are in compliance with the Act of Parliament regulating such matters. The Policies are issued by the Institute under the Friendly Societies' Act, and which are legally guaranteed by the Athenæum Life Assurance Society, which, also appealing more particularly to Literary and Scientific Men, has made an arrangement that is liberal and advantageous to the Athenæum Institute.

By this arrangement every Provident Member is equally safe, whether the members of the Institute be few or many.

One Subscriber is thus rendered as secure as a thousand.

Annual Subscribers of Two Guineas or more are entitled to become Directors: and in awarding relief, regard will always be had to the amount subscribed.

It will be perceived by these arrangements, that every member of the Athenæum Institute has the full value returned to him of every Guinea subscribed beyond the first, in a Policy on his life; and that he also has a participation in the Capital Fund formed by the Subscriptions, Donations, and Endowments of the Honorary Subscribers; a privilege which it is probable will add from fifty to a hundred per cent. to his individual contributions.

The Friendly Societies' Act, under which the Institute is registered, will not permit a member to make an Assurance beyond 100l., the Institute is therefore limited to this amount: but the Athenæum Life Assurance Society, which so liberally assists the Institute, will insure to any amount, and in any mode. It is desirable that the members of the Institute should assure up to the 100l. allowed by the Act, and the Tables will shew the annual amount required, according to the Age of the Subscriber. The power of NOMINATING A WIFE OR CHILD, irrespective of all other claimants, is also a great inducement to assure in the Institute to the utmost amount, namely, 100l.

It is contemplated, as the Institute progresses, to add Protective and Educational Branches.

The union of numbers has established the various Commercial and Philanthropic Institutions of the Empire, and it is earnest urged that Authors and Journalists should take advantage of their numbers. Nothing can be accomplished without numbers—with them everything. The appeal now made is universal in its application to Literary workers, and it is hoped it will be responded to so as to neutralise all cliquism, whether arising from literary sectarianism, or the antagonism of political sentiments.

F. G. TOMLINS, Manager,

30. Sackville Street, London.

*** Members are admitted by the Directors (who meet monthly) according to forms which will be transmitted on application.

Post Office Orders to be made payable to the Managing Director at Charing Cross Money Order Office.

The Rules of the Institute, as legally drawn up by high professional authority, and as certified by the Registrar, can be had, price 1s. 6d., or 2s. by post, pre-paid.

Prospectuses (with Tables calculated especially for this Society) may be had, gratis, at the Office, 30. Sackville Street, or of Mr. Charles Mitchell, Agent to the Institute, Newspaper Press Directory Office, 12. Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London.

NEW WORKS.

I.

LIFE OF JOAN OF ARC. An Historical Essay. By LORD MAHON. Fcap. 8vo. 1s. (Murray's "Railway Reading.")

II.

LIVES OF THE EARLS OF ESSEX, in the Reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I. Including many unpublished Letters and Documents. By HON. CAPT. DEVEREUX, R.N. 2 Vols. 8vo. 30s.

III.

A FORTNIGHT IN IRELAND. By SIR FRANCIS HEAD, Bart. Second Edition. Map. 8vo. 12s.

IV.

LIVES OF LORDS FALKLAND, CAPEL, AND HERTFORD, the Friends and Contemporaries of Lord Chancellor Clarendon. By LADY THERESA LEWIS. 3 Vols. 8vo. 42s.

V.

HISTORY OF THE ROMAN STATE. By LUIGI FARINI. Translated by the RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE, M.P. Vol. III. 8vo. 12s.

VI.

A SCHEME for the GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. By GEORGE CAMPBELL. Maps. 8vo. 4s.

VII.

CRIME: ITS AMOUNT, CAUSES, and REMEDIES. By FREDERIC HILL, late Inspector of Prisons. 8vo. 12s.

VIII.

MY HOME IN TASMANIA, during a Residence of Nine Years. By MRS. CHARLES MEREDITH. Woodcuts. 2 Vols. Post 8vo. 18s.

IX.

A CHURCH DICTIONARY. By REV. DR. HOOK, Vicar of Leeds. Sixth Edition, enlarged. 8vo. 16s.

X.

THE PERIL OF PORTSMOUTH; or, FRENCH FLEETS AND ENGLISH FORTS. By JAMES FERGUSON, Esq. Second Edition. With a Plan. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

XI.

RATIONAL ARITHMETIC. For Schools and Young Persons. By MRS. G. R. PORTER. 12mo. 3s. 6d.

XII.

TRAVELS AND RESEARCHES IN ASIA MINOR, and LYCIA. By SIR CHARLES FELLOWS. New Edition. Post 8vo. 9s.

XIII.

The RIVERS, MOUNTAINS, and SEA COAST of YORKSHIRE described. By JOHN PHILLIPS, F.R.S. 36 Plates. 8vo. 15s.

XIV.

HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the PEACE OF UTRECHT to the PEACE OF VERSAILLES, 1713-83. By LORD MAHON. Third Edition, revised. Vol. I. Post 8vo. 6s. (A Volume every Two Months.)

XV.

SAXON OBSEQUIES, illustrated by Ornaments and Weapons recently discovered in a Cemetery. By HON. R. C. NEVILLE. 40 coloured Plates. 4to. 84s.

XVI.

A NAVAL and MILITARY TECHNICAL DICTIONARY OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE. By LIEUT-COL. BURN, R.A. Crown 8vo. 15s.

XVII.

HISTORY OF EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. By HENRY HALLAM, ESQ. Tenth Edition, incorporating the Supplemental Notes. 3 Vols. 8vo. 30s.

XVIII.

HANDBOOK of FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS. From English Authors. Fcap. 8vo.

XIX.

PHILOSOPHY IN SPORT, MADE SCIENCE IN EARNEST. Seventh Edition, with much additional matter, and Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo.

XX.

THE CABINET BYRON: a New and beautifully Printed Edition of Lord Byron's Poetical Works complete. In Eight Half-Crown Volumes. Containing—

Childe Harold.

Dramas. 2 Vols.

Tales and Poems.

Miscellanies. 2 Vols.

Beppo and Don Juan. 2 Vols.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

NEW BOOKS AND

NEW EDITIONS.

CLOISTER LIFE OF THE EMPEROR CHARLES the FIFTH. By WILLIAM STIRLING, M.P. Second Edition, with Additions. 8s.

DIGBY GRAND: An AUTOBIOGRAPHY. By G. J. WHYTE MELVILLE. Reprinted from "Fraser's Magazine." 2 Vols. post 8vo. 18s.

JESUIT EXECUTORSHIP; or, PASSAGES IN THE LIFE of a SECEDER from ROMANISM. 2 Vols. post 8vo. 18s.

HEIR OF REDCLYFFE. By the Author of "Henrietta's Wish," "The Kings of England," &c. 2 Vols. fcap. 8vo. 18s.

WATER LILY ON THE DANUBE: an Account of the Perils of a Pair-Oar, during a Voyage from Lambeth to Pesth. By the Author of "The Log of the Water Lily." With Illustrations by one of the Crew, and a Map by A. Petermann. 6s.

SERMONS on the SABBATH DAY, on the Character of the Warrior, and on the Interpretation of History. By F. D. MAURICE, M.A., Professor of Divinity in King's College. 2s. 6d.

NATURAL HISTORY OF INFIDELITY AND SUPERSTITION IN CONTRAST WITH CHRISTIAN FAITH: The Bampton Lectures, preached before the University of Oxford in 1852, with Notes. By J. E. RIDDLE, M.A. 8vo. 12s.

PRINCIPLES OF IMITATIVE ART: FOUR LECTURES before the Oxford Art Society. By GEO. BUTLER, M.A. 6s.

COMETS: A DESCRIPTIVE TREATISE; with a Condensed Account of Modern Discoveries, and a Table of all the Calculated Comets, from the Earliest Ages. By J. RUSSELL HIND, Foreign Sectary of the Royal Astronomical Society. 5s. 6d.

ASTRONOMICAL VOCABULARY; an Explanation of all Terms in Use amongst Astronomers. By J. R. HIND. 1s. 6d.

MELIORA: OR, BETTER TIMES TO COME. Edited by VISCOUNT INGESTRE. Second Edition. 3s.

SEQUENTIÆ EX MISSALIBUS DESUMPTÆ. Collegit, recensuit, notulasque addidit JOANNES M. NEALE, A.M., Collegii Sackvillensis Custos. 7s.

London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, February 12. 1853.