NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.

CONTENTS.

Notes.

JOHN GOODWIN'S SIX BOOKSELLERS' PROCTOR NONSUITED.

The London booksellers of the present day (good harmless men!) are satisfied with endeavouring to put down heresies as to discounts. Their predecessors, in the year 1655, set to work in good earnest, associated to purify the faith by denouncing in an Index expurgatorius, under the alarming titles of A Beacon set on Fire, and A Second Beacon set on Fire, all publications of a blasphemous, heretical, or improper kind. Six booksellers, viz. Luke Fawne, Samuel Gellibrand, Joshua Kirton, John Rothwell, Thomas Underhill, and Nathaniel Webb, took the lead on the occasion; and the battle waxed hot and fierce between them and the apologists of the books condemned. Amongst the latter was the famous John Goodwin, whose part in the controversy Mr. Jackson, in his elaborate Life of him, has adverted to, and has noticed his pamphlet entitled The High Presbyterian Spirit, written in answer to the Second Beacon Fired. John Goodwin, however, published a second pamphlet in the same controversy, neither noticed by Mr. Jackson, nor any one else that I am aware of, in which he finishes up his first charge upon the unfortunate booksellers, and lays on them with a vigour and determination that it does one good to see so well bestowed, scattering their arguments and quotations to the winds, and sending them back to their proper occupation of printing and publishing, instead of clipping and suppressing. The title of this very rare pamphlet, which is to be found in vol. xviii. of a collection of tracts (between 1640 and 1660) in ninety-six vols. 4to., made by President Bradshaw, and containing many of his MS. notes and observations now in my possession, is as follows:

"Six Booksellers' Proctor Nonsuited, wherein the gross Falsifications and Untruths, together with the inconsiderate and weak Passages found in the Apologie for the said Booksellers, are briefly noted and evicted. And the said Booksellers proved so unworthy both in their Second Beacon Fired, and likewise in their Epistle written in Defence of it, that they are out of the Protection of any Christian or reasonable Apologie for either. By J. G., a Minister of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. London printed for H. Cripps and L. Lloyd, 1655, 4to., pages 23."

I might give an extract or two from this very interesting tract, but do not wish to trespass too much upon your space. Perhaps, next to Milton, there is no writer of the time of the Commonwealth equal to John Goodwin, in power and elevation of composition; and I am glad therefore to be able to add one more to the series of his pamphlets which his biographer has with so much industry and research enumerated at the close of the Life.

Jas. Crossley.

MR. COLLIER'S FOLIO SHAKSPEARE: A PASSAGE IN "AS YOU LIKE IT."

It appears to me so obvious that the degree of authority to be conceded to each particular correction or emendation in Mr. Collier's folio Shakspeare must depend in a great measure on the general character of the proposed alterations throughout the work, that I cannot help thinking it would be desirable to reserve all controversy on such points until after the appearance of the promised volume. Such a resolution I made for myself, and to it I shall religiously adhere. This much only I shall say, that, of the specimens given by Mr. Collier in the Athenæum,—sufficient at once to excite interest and to gratify curiosity,—some of the corrections appear to be of that nature that no conjecture could have supplied, while all are good enough to command a deferential consideration.

Your correspondent A. E. B. has attempted a defence of the original reading of two passages amended in Mr. Collier's folio. For the reason above given I shall neither answer your correspondent, nor even say whether I think him right or wrong; but it will not be overstepping the bounds I have prescribed myself, if I take up a collateral point he has raised in reference to one of these passages. To strengthen the case for the reading of the passage in Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 4., "Whose mother was her painting," he cites a passage from As You Like It, Act III. Sc. 5., in which he says, "mother is directly used as a sort of warranty of female beauty!" Here is the passage:

Shakspeare was, if I am not mistaken, one of those persons to whom a mother was, as some one expresses it, "the holiest thing alive." He concentrates this sentiment in the words of Troilus (Troilus and Cressida, Act V. Sc. 2.):

And again, in those of Palamon (which I have no doubt are Shakspeare's) in the Two Noble Kinsmen, Act V. Sc. 1.:

Now it seems to me that the same feeling is implied in Rosalind's reproof to Phebe; and that there is no ground whatever for saying that mother is used as a warranty for female beauty, but rather as one for feminine qualities. Rosalind in effect says, "who might your mother be that you should be so unfeeling?" And, as she tells her plainly she sees no beauty in her, it is clearly to be inferred that it must have been for some other quality that her mother was to be "warranty." Rosalind, in other words, might have said, "Had you a mother, a woman, that you can so discredit the character of womanhood as to exult, insult and all at once, over the wretched?"

It might however be contended, that Rosalind's question referred to the rank, condition, or personal appearance of the mother. The latter only bears upon this question; and with regard to that it may be said, that if beauty had been transmitted to the daughter (independently of the questioner having decided that it had not), the question was not needed. Rosalind, in short, seeks for a better cause for Phebe's pride or want of feeling than her own insufficient attractions, in the nature or quality of her mother. It will be observed that, in this view, I have conceded that who may be taken with something of the signification of what; but the answer to the question, taken strictly, must be the name of some individual who might be known to the Querist, and be in some measure a warranty for the disposition of the daughter, though for no personal beauty but her own.

Samuel Hickson.

NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. III.—LAURENCE HUMPHREY, PRESIDENT OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD,
AND DEAN OF WINCHESTER.

In the year 1558 a handsome volume was printed at Basle, in folio in Greek, by Jerome Frobenius and Nicholas Episcopius, with the following title:

"ΚΕΡΑΣ ΑΜΑΛΘΕΙΑΣ, Η ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ. ΤΩΝ ΕΞΗΓΗΣΕΩΝ ΩΜΗΡΙΚΩΝ, ἐκ των του Ἐυσταθείου παρεκβολὼν συνηρμοσμένων—i.e. Copiæ Cornu sive Oceanus Enarrationum Homericarum, ex Eustathii in eundem commentariis concinnatarum, Hadriano Junio autore."

To an Oxford man, independent of its merit as a compendium of the prolix comment of Eustathius, this volume should be especially interesting, on account of the prefatory dissertation "Ad Magdalinenses," entitled De Græcis Literis et Homeri Lectione et Imitatione, by Laurence Humphrey. This worthy was sometime Greek reader in the university, but went abroad on account of religion at the accession of Queen Mary, and did not return until happier times after her death. He seems to have been living at Basle with Frobenius and Episcopius in honestissimo loco, but he could not avoid often thinking of his native land,—of Newport-Pagnell in Bucks, where he was born,—of Cambridge, where he received the rudiments of Latin and Greek,—but more especially of Oxford, where he completed his education. His feeling panegyric of his Alma Mater, shows him to have been at least one of her grateful sons. The dissertation is highly creditable to him, considering the period at which it was written; and the passage in which he gives an account of the work is not devoid of interest.

"For the rest we give not Homer alone, but the Expositor Eustathius is subjoined. Yet not entire but reduced into a compendium by a man of untiring labour and noble learning—Hadrian Junius, not unknown to you,—for he lived some time in England, dedicated his Greek Lexicon to our royal Edward the Sixth, and has since published the Annals of Queen Mary, his Animadversiones, and Centuries Adagiorum, which issued from the press of Frobenius: he also effected this good work. Therefore although I had rather have the whole of Eustathius than the half, and to say the truth Epitomies never pleased me, yet because this author is prolix, and difficult to meet with, this perfect compendium of such an estimable work (which seems to me to be the best interpreter, poetical-elucidator, Greek lexicon, and onomasticon), will be useful to any one. I recommend, then, our Eustathio-Junian Homer to you."

In 1560 Laurence Humphrey seems to have been still at Basle; for in that year he printed at the press of Oporinus, in 12mo., a work which he dedicates to Queen Elizabeth, entitled Optimates, sive de Nobilitate, ejusque Antiqua Origine, Natura, Officiis, disciplina, et recta Christiana Institutione; at the end of which he printed the argument of Philo-Judæus, περὶ ευγενείας, with a Latin version. This found favour in the eyes of an English translator, and it was printed at London by Thomas Marshe in 1563, 16mo., under the following title:—

"The Nobles, or of Nobilitye. The original, duties, ryght, and Christian Institucion thereof, in three Bookes. Fyrste eloquentlye written in Latine by Laurence Humphrey, D. of Divinity and Presidente of Magdaleine College in Oxforde, lately Englished. Whereto, for the reader's commoditye and matters affinitye, is coupled the small treatyse of Philo a Jewe. By the same Author out of Greek Latined, now also Englished."

Antony à Wood gives a list of the writings of Laurence Humphrey, among which is a life of Bishop Jewell in Latin: he also speaks highly of his scholarship and proficiency in theology. After his return from abroad he became Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford, and President of his college. In 1570 he was made Dean of Gloucester, and ten years afterward Dean of Winchester. His divinity was strongly tinctured with Calvinism, but he was a zealous and able defender of the Reformation. His death occurred in 1589-90.

S. W. Singer.

SCOTO-GALLICISMS.

The following list of Scottish words derived from the French language is chiefly taken from the pages of the Scottish Journal, a small weekly periodical, published at Edinburgh, which came to a conclusion, after rather less than a year's existence, in the summer of 1848. It is generally supposed that most of these words were introduced during the time of Queen Mary's minority, when French troops were sent to Scotland; but the first appearance of some of them may unquestionably be referred to an earlier period. Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be able to communicate other examples, which, however, as a reference to Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary will show, are by no means very numerous.

Aschet. A large flat plate for meat. Fr. Assiette, a trencher plate.

Aumrie or Almerie. A cupboard; also, a place in churches and monasteries where the sacred vessels and alms were deposited. (Dunbar.) Fr. Armoire, aumonerie.

Braw or Bra'. Fine, handsome, gaily dressed. (Burns.) Fr. Brave.

Bonaillie. A parting glass with a friend going a journey. (Wallace.) Fr. Bon allez.

Butterie Bejan (or Bajan). A term applied to a "freshman," or student of the first year, at the Universities of St. Andrews and Aberdeen. Fr. Butor, a booby or clod; and Bejaune, a novice. (Lamont's Diary, p. 114., note.)

Certie, Certy—By my. By my troth. Fr. Certes, certainly.

Cummer or Kimmer. A gossip. (Kelly.) Fr. Commère.

Dour. Hard or obstinate. (Douglas.) Fr. Dur.

Fasheous. Troublesome. (Baillie.) Fr. Facheux, facheuse.

Flunkie. A livery servant. Old Fr. Flanchier; same signification as henchman (haunchman). (Quart. Rev., vol. lxxix. p. 344.)

Fracaw. Noise or uproar. Fr. Fracas.

Gardevine or Gurdyveen. A large bottle, and sometimes a celleret, for holding wine. Fr. Garde-vin.

Gardyloo. A cry formerly raised by servants in Edinburgh, when they threw dirty water, &c. from the windows after ten at night. (Smollett.) Fr. Garde de l'eau.

Goo. A particular taste or savour. Fr. Goût.

Grange. A granary, &c. (used also in English). Fr. Grange.

Grosert, Groser, or Groset. A gooseberry. (Burns.) Fr. Groseille.

Gud-brither. Brother-in-law. Fr. Bon-frère.

Haveril. A simpleton, or April-fool. (Burns.) Fr. Avril.

Jalouse—To. To suspect. (Antiquary.) Fr. Jalouse.

Jigot. The hip-joint of lamb or mutton (used also in English). Fr. Gigot.

Jupe. A woman's mantle or pelisse. Fr. Jupe, a long coat.

Kickshaws. A made-up dish. Fr. Quelque chose.

Multiplepoinding. An action in Scottish law, somewhat similar to the English bill of interpleader in Chancery. Fr. Multiplie-poindre.

Multure or Mouter. The fee for grinding grain. (Douglas.) Fr. Mouture.

Onding. A heavy fall of rain or snow. Fr. Ondée(?).

Petticoat tails. A species of cake baked with butter, sometimes called "short-bread." (Bride of Lammermoor.) Fr. Petits gatelles (more correctly, gateaux).

Ruckle or Rickle. A heap or collection. Fr. Recueil.

Servite or Servet. A table napkin. (Spalding.) Fr. Serviette.

Verity—Chair of. A pulpit. Fr. La chaire de vérité. (Croker's Boswell's Johnson, p. 513.)

Vizzie, Vizy, or Visie. A scrutinising view, aim, or sight at the muzzle of a gun. (Bride of Lammermoor.) Fr. Visée, aim.

Wallees or Valises. Saddlebags. (Godscroft.) Fr. Valise, a portmanteau.

E. N.

ON A PASSAGE IN "CYMBELINE," ACT IV. SC. 2.

It is so usual with Malone and some other commentators on Shakspeare to impute the errors of the printer to the poet, that we often find the most glaring instances of false grammar, and anomalies of construction, laid to his charge, and defended as the practice of the time; and as his own practice!

The following passage is an instance in point:

Steevens with reason says:

"This change from the second person to the third is so violent, that I cannot help imputing it to the players, transcribers, or printers."

He proposed to read him for thee. Malone of course defends the absurdity. We may, however, be assured that it is not attributable to the poet. Whoever reads the passage with attention will perceive that the allusion in the last line is not to Fidele, but to the fairies haunting his tomb. It should be remembered that it was held that no noxious creatures would be found where fairies resort.

The compositor, as in other cases, mistook the word, probably written "thē," and printed "thee" for "them."

Your correspondent Mr. Halliwell having noticed my approval of the emendation of a passage in Coriolanus, found in Mr. Collier's copy of the second folio, where "bosom multiplied" is happily corrected to "bissom multitude," perhaps I may be permitted to say that I cannot subscribe to his opinion, that "it is one of those alterations which no conjectural ingenuity could have suggested." To me it appears that the steps are obvious by which any intelligent reader of the poet might be led to make the correction. The word which was mistaken by the printer for "bosome" occurs in a previous scene of the play, where it is "beesome" in the folios; and a recollection of this would naturally lead to the conjectured emendation. Indeed the word appears to have been not unfrequently written "beasom," as we find it in Huloet's Dictionary. The word "multitude" would suggest itself to any attentive reader of the play, from its repeated occurrence in the 3rd Scene of Act II.: and we must always suppose the writer to have been intent upon correcting errata. The correction of "infuite comming" to "infinite cunning," in Measure for Measure, is, in my mind, an instance quite equal in "conjectural ingenuity;" and we know that we owe it to that of the late Mr. Sidney Walker.

I must candidly confess that the specimens of the corrections given by Mr. Collier in his first two communications to the Athenæum gave me the same dissatisfaction and apprehension that Mr. Halliwell appears to have entertained; but I do not draw the same inference that gentleman seems to do, from the occurrence of this one truly happy conjectural emendation. It is, however, sufficient to convey a favourable notion of the acuteness of the writer of the emendatory notes, and nothing more.

S. W. Singer

OLD CONCERT BILL.

The following curious bill (the original of which is in my possession) of a benefit concert given by Signor Carbonelli, at Drury Lane Theatre, in 1722, will enable us to form some opinion of the musical taste prevailing in London in the first quarter of the eighteenth century:

"Drury Lane Theatre.
May 4.
SIGNOR CARBONELLI'S CONCERT.
Act I.
A New Concerto for Two Trumpets, composed and
performed by Grano and others.
A New Concerto, by Albinoni, just brought over.
Song, Mrs. Barbier.
Concerto, composed by Signor Carbonelli.

Act II.
A Concerto, with Two Hautbois and Two Flutes,
composed by Dieupart.
A Concerto on the Base Violin, by Pippo.
Song, Mrs. Barbier.
By desire, the Eighth Concerto of Arcangelo Corelli.

Act III.
Concerto, by Carbonelli.
Solo on the Arch-lute, by Signor Vebar.
Song, Mrs. Barbier.
New Concerto on the Little Flute, composed by
Woodcock, and performed by Baston.
Solo, Signor Carbonelli.
Finale. Concerto on Two Trumpets, by Grano and
others."

I should mention, that Signor Carbonelli was a celebrated violin player, and a favourite pupil of Corelli. He was brought over to this country by his patron, the first Duke of Rutland.

Edward F. Rimbault.

Minor Notes.

Note for Mr. Worsaae.—At page 204. of The Danes in England, Mr. W. says:

"Towards Glasgow and Edinburgh the mountains are no longer called 'fell' and 'rigg.'"

The Campsie Fells, a fine range of hills within nine miles of Glasgow, are an exception. These hills are never spoken of by the natives of the strath except by the name of "fells" and the singularity of the name has often been remarked to the writer of this note, especially by visitors to the valley. Before being much acquainted with the deeds of the Vikings (except in the general), he had come to the conclusion that the name must be Danish, from its similarity to "Fjeld," with which, in connexion with "Fiords," he had become familiar at a very early period.

Bruno.

Singular Epitaph.—The following epitaph occurs in Braunston churchyard, Northamptonshire:

"To the Memory of William Borrows, Died 1703.

"'Tis true I led a single life,

And Nare was married in my life,

For of that Seck (sic) I nare had none:

It is the Lord; his will be done."

Cranmore.

Largesse.—I heard this old word used the other day in Northamptonshire, by a servant who was leaving his employer, and who called upon one of his master's tradesmen to ask him for largisse, as he termed it. Certainly the peasants have preserved and handed down to the present time a vast number of old words, customs, and legends. It proves how much they owe to oral tuition.

A. B.

Brogue and Fetch.—There are a certain set of words which have become naturalised in English, by those who speak it in Ireland; as, amadan, a fool; brogue, a shoe (Ir. brog); palaver, fine speaking, soft talk (Ir. pi-labhradh). These are all Irish words; but there are others which are not English, and yet it is hard to make them out Irish. Brogue, meaning a broad Irish accent, is an instance; fetch is another:

"In Ireland (says Mr. Banim) a fetch is the supernatural fac-simile of some individual, which comes to assure to its original [or his friend or relative] a happy longevity or immediate dissolution. If seen in the morning, the one event is predicted; if in the evening, the other."

Taibhse (pr. thaivshe) is the Irish word, and perhaps fetch might be derived from it by a sort of metathesis.

Eirionnach.

Derivation of "Caul."—

"Guianerius, cap. 36., De Ægritud. Matr., speaks of a silly, jealous fellow, that, seeing his child new born, included in a kell (meaning a caul), thought sure a Franciscan, that used to come to his house, was the father of it, it was so like the friar's cowl, and thereupon threatened the friar to kill him!"—Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, part iii. sec. 3.

By this may we judge that caul and cowl are cognate? Coif (Martial.), in Latin Reticulum; whence a lady's reticule.

B. B.

"Pandecte," an entire Copy of the Bible.—Dr. Maitland, in his valuable essays on the Dark Ages, has drawn attention to this use of the word Pandecte, but was not at the time aware that it is so employed by any writer before Alcuin (p. 194. n. 9. ed. 1844). It will be found, however, in the following, extract from Bede's Chronicon (in Monument. Britan., p. 101. A). The historian is speaking of certain presents which his abbot, Ceolfrith, was carrying with him on his pilgrimage to Rome, when death cut it short at Langres:

"Qui inter alia donaria quæ adferre disposuerat, misit ecclesiæ S. Petri pandectem a B. Hieronymo in Latinum ex Hebræo vel Græco fonte translatum."

C. H.

St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.

Queries.

BOY BISHOP AT ETON.

In Heywood's edition of the Statutes of King's College, Cambridge, and Eton College (Longman, 1850), a MS. is quoted under the title of Consuetudinarium vetus Scholæ Etoniensis (sic), Harl. MSS. 7044, p. 167. From a MS. in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.

It is a sort of Fasti Etonenses, recording in somewhat quaint terms the old customs which were then traditionary in the school. In the month of November, according to this authority, "in die Sti Hugonis Pontificis solebat Etonæ fieri electio Episcopi Nihilensis, sed consuetudo obsolevit."

Again, in the statutes as given by Mr. Heywood, p. 560., it is provided that on the Feast of St. Nicholas, but "nullatenus in festo Sanctorum Innocentium," the Episcopus puerorum Scholarium, who was to be elected from among the boys every year for the purpose, might celebrate all the divine offices except the "missæ secreta."

Can you, or any of your correspondents, inform me—

1st. What is the date of the MS. in question, with any further particulars of its history?

2nd. What is "Pope St. Hugo's Day," and whether it was in any way connected with the election of the boy bishop in other places as well as Eton?

3rd. Whether any reason can be assigned why Holy Innocents Day, being that on which the boy bishop was usually appointed, should have been expressly excluded by the founder.

L. C. B.

"¶ SPECULUM CHRISTIANORUM MULTA BONA CONTINENS."

I have a small black-letter tract which bears the above title: I am desirous of learning the author's name, and that of the printer, together with the date and place of its production. It extends from signature A 1 to G 8, and ends abruptly on the verso of G 8 without any colophon. On the verso of the title page is a small woodcut representing the Holy Dove hovering over the Virgin, who is surrounded by nine kneeling figures, all under a depressed arch, supported by two pillars whose shafts have a kind of chevron ornament worked on them, somewhat similar to the pillars of the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral. Perhaps if I give the title-page of this curious little tract in extenso, it will be more easily identified:

It should be noted that this table of contents is by no means a fair representative of the subjects on which the pamphlet treats. On the verso of page E iii. is the following curious passage:—

"¶ Peccata britonum et causa depositionis eorum. Negligentia prelatorum | rapina potentu | cupiditas indicu | rabies periuriorum | inordinatus cultus vestimentorum: detestanda luxuria | omne petm publicum & notorium clamat vindicta ad deum. Sed precipue quattuor: merces mercenarii, pctm sodomiticum, homicidium, oppressio innocentiu. Heu heu heu quot clamores vindicte sunt nunc ante deum."

This passage is introduced without any farther connexion with the subjects under discussion, than the mere heading of the section gives it. Permit me to trouble you with one more extract, before I leave my Query in the hands of your readers:

On the recto of C vj.

Any information which some of your bibliographical correspondents may give concerning this little work, will be very acceptable.

W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.

MASSACRE OF THE WELSH BARDS.

Barrington, in his Observations upon the Statutes, raises some historic doubts whether that massacre of the Welsh bards, upon which Gray founded his magnificent ode, actually occurred:—

"But", he says, "a manuscript history, written by Sir John Wynne of Gwydir, authorises the supposed tradition of a massacre of the bards; nor could the writer of that most admirable ode have made his bard so warmly express, or his reader feel, the tyranny of Edward, if he had not probably raised an indignation and fire in his own breast, and by reading of other materials, which I have not happened to meet with."

Has the question of this real or pretended massacre been raised, or proved beyond doubt?

As to Gray requiring "materials" for his fancy, poets even of inferior genius contrive to weave a web out of airy nothings, and the liveliest description by an old Cymric bard of the slaughters of the thirteenth century, will not carry conviction of the truth of the narrative in the nineteenth.

H. T. H.

Minor Queries.

Portrait of William Combe.—Lonsdale the portrait painter, in a letter dated January, 1826, addressed to a friend of Combe whilst living, says:

"I shall be much obliged if you will have the goodness to cause my picture of the late Mr. Combe to be sent to me. Mr. C. borrowed the picture of me to show to some friend, and kept it till his death."

Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." inform me in whose possession the portrait now is, and whether any engraving of Combe's portrait from that or any other picture is now to be obtained?

E. T.

"Quod non fecerunt barbari," &c.—Who is the author of the epigram—

which commemorates the destruction of the Coliseum at Rome, both by the barbarians who overran Italy about the middle of the fifth century, and, at a later period, by certain Popes of the family of the Barberini?

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

Lines on English History (Vol. iii., p. 168.; Vol. v., p. 405.).—I shall be extremely obliged to Mr. Edward Charlton to procure me, if he can, a copy of the above lines, and forward them, through Mr. Bell, to

An English Mother.

Windows.—It has been said that the dates of many houses may be ascertained by a comparison of the regulations of the window-tax with the windows. The tax occasioned a marked change of style by diminishing the number of windows. Then ingenuity was exerted to effect evasions by bays, bows, and double or treble windows. These again were successively met by alterations in the law. Could any one be induced to let in some light upon the subject by examining the acts of parliament, and illustrating the result by reference to examples in London houses?

C. T.

Angel-beast; Cleek; Longtriloo.—Can you, or any of your readers, inform me what was the nature of the game at cards called Angel-beast, which was in vogue in the seventeenth century? Also, the game of Cleek; can it be a misprint of "Check?" Also, Longtriloo; is this an abbreviation of "Long three card loo?"

R. B.

Royal Arms in Churches.—What is the origin of the common practice of putting up the royal arms in churches?

E. M.

Oxford.

"Cease, rude Boreas."—Can any of your correspondents tell me why the song, "Cease, rude Boreas," has been occasionally attributed to Falconer. I remember seeing this song appended to an old edition of the Shipwreck, with a prefatory remark stating that G. A. Stevens could not have written it, as the moral of the verses was of too high an order for him. Occasionally the last stanza is omitted, on account of the sentiment being somewhat questionable; though it cannot be denied that the feelings there expressed are exactly those of a sailor. In a few copies another stanza of a very different tendency is inserted in its place; and at times I have seen the commencement of the third stanza altered thus: