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1 As the three Vedas, or the triad.

2 Vishṇu Purāṇa, Bk. v., ch. 33.

3 His guru.

4 Rasa = (a) the eight rasas; (b) love.

5 Çayyā = (a) composition; (b) couch.

6 (a) Which sparkle with emphatic words and similes; (b) like flashing lamps.

7 (a) Pun; (b) proximity.

8 Hanging on his ear (as an ornament).

9 In the case of elephants, ‘having their ichor regulated by a proper regimen.’

10 With renowned warriors on their backs.

11 Having trunks as thick as sacrificial posts.

12 I.e., Vāsavadattā and the Bṛihatkathā; or, r., advitīyā, unrivalled.

13 (a) Unconquerable in might; (b) having unconquerable shafts.

14 In the case of Brahma, ‘he made his chariot of flamingoes.’

15 (a) His hand was wet with a stream of constant giving; (b) the trunk was wet with ichor.

16 Or, to the sun’s orb.

17 Vinatā = (a) mother of Garuḍa; (b) humble.

18 Or, caste.

19 Or, fines of gold.

20 Or, fickle affections.

21 Had, mada = (a) pride; (b) ichor.

22 Or, breaking away from virtue.

23 Or, tribute.

24 In autumn, the haṃsas, or wild geese, return.

25 Or, bamboos.

26 Rām. I. 60.

27 He had (a) great faults; (b) a long arm.

28 Dark.

29 I.e., imposed no heavy tribute.

30 Or, ‘with citrā and çravaṇa,’ lunar mansions.

31 Or, living creatures.

32 (a) Of lowly birth; (b) not dwelling on earth.

33 (a) Caṇḍāla; (b) elephant.

34 Or, ajāti, without caste.

35 Alaka = (a) curls; (b) a city.

36 Or, whose love would be a reproach.

37 A verse in the āryā measure.

38 Vipula, Acala, and Çaça, characters in the Bṛihatkathā. Or, broad mountains and hares.

39 Varuṇa, tree; vāruṇa, wine.

40 Or, with lightning.

41 Constellations. The moon was supposed to have a deer dwelling in it.

42 (a) The cowries held by the suite; (b) different kinds of deer.

43 (a) Rocky; (b) having Çiva.

44 Kuça: (a) Sītā’s son; (b) grass. Niçācara: (a) Rāvaṇa; (b) owls.

45 (a) Mark of aloes on the brow; (b) tilaka trees and aloe trees all bright.

46 (a) Love; (b) madana trees.

47 As an amulet.

48 Name of an ornament.

49 Wine-cups.

50 (a) Halls; (b) çāl trees.

51 (a) Clapping of hands; (b) palm-trees.

52 (a) Arrows; (b) reeds.

53 (a) Trees; (b) eyes.

54 (a) As tamāla trees (very dark); (b) with tamāla trees.

55 Virāṭa, a king who befriended the Pāṇḍavas. The chief of his army was named Kīcaka. F. Mbh., Bk. iv., 815. Kīcaka also means ‘bamboo.’

56 Or, the twinkling stars of the Deer constellation, pursued by the Hunter (a constellation).

57 Bark garments, matted locks, and rags of grass.

58 (a) Seven leaves; (b) a tree.

59 (a) Of fierce disposition; (b) full of wild beasts.

60 The sign of a vow.

61 Or perhaps, ‘not caring for the fascination of the beauty of Rāvaṇa,’ i.e. his sister. He was loved by Rāvaṇa’s sister.

62 Does this refer to the reflection of the sky in its clear water?

63 Çālmalī = silk cotton-tree.

64 Lit., ‘striving upwards to see.’

65 Indra’s wood.

66 Çakuni = (a) bird; (b) name of Duryodhana’s supporter.

67 Or, ‘by Vanamālā,’ Kṛishṇa’s chaplet.

68 Tārā = (a) wife of Sugrīva, the monkey king; (b) star.

69 Mountaineer.

70 Arjuna, or Kārttavīrya, was captured by Rāvaṇa when sporting in the Nerbuddha, and was killed by Paraçurāma. V. Vishṇu Purāṇa, Bk. iv., ch. 11.

71 Dūshaṇa was one of Rāvaṇa’s generals; Khara was Rāvaṇa’s brother, and was slain by Rāma.

72 Cf. Uttararāmacarita, Act V.

73 Ekalavya, king of the Nishādas, killed by Kṛishṇa. Mbh., I., 132.

74 Or, curls.

75 V. Harivaṃça, 83.

76 Or, with clouds.

77 She-rhinoceros.

78 Or, rainbows.

79 Ekacakra = (a) a city possessed by Vaka; (b) one army, or one quoit.

80 Nāga = (a) elephant; (b) snake.

81 Or, Çikhaṇḍi, a son of Drupada, a friend of the Pāṇḍavas.

82 Or, mirage.

83 Or, eager for the Mānasa lake. The Vidyādhara was a good or evil genius attending the gods. V. Kullūka on Manu, xii., 47.

84 Yojanagandhā, mother of Vyāsa.

85 Or, ‘bearing the form of Bhīma.’ He was Bhīma’s son. V. Mbh., I., 155.

86 (a) Crescent moon of Çiva; (b) eyes of peacocks’ tails.

87 Hiraṇyakaçipu. V. Harivaṃça, 225.

88 Or, an ambitious man surrounded by bards (to sing his praises).

89 Or, loving blood.

90 Nishādas = (a) mountaineers; (b) the highest note of the scale.

91 (a) Had passed many ages; (b) had killed many birds.

92 Or, great wealth.

93 Black.

94 Or, Durgā.

95 Or, mountain.

96 (a) Magnanimity; (b) great strength.

97 Anabhibhavanīyā°.

98 (a) Awakening cry; (b) moral law.

99 Owls are supposed to be descendants of the sage Viçvāmitra.

100 As omens.

101 Piçitāçna, a demon, or, according to the commentary here, a tiger.

102 Lit., ‘creating a doubt of.’

103 Cf. Emerson’s Essay on Experience: ‘Sleep lingers all our life-time about our eyes, as night hovers all day in the boughs of the fir-tree.’

104 Read, Çramā.

105 Lit., ‘To have been an extract from.’

106 Sacred to Indra, and burnt by Agni with the help of Arjuna and Kṛishṇa.

107 Three horizontal lines.

108 Truth in thought, word, and deed.

109 Read, Nishpatatā.

110 Nīlapānḍu, mottled blue and white. The Hindu penance is to be between five fires: four on earth and the sun above. V. Manu, vi. 23.

111 The sign of a vow.

112 (a) Bark garment; (b) bark of trees.

113 (a) Girdle. V. Manu, ii. 42; (b) mountain slope.

114 Or, the moon.

115 Or, with.

116 (a) Kṛipā = compassion; (b) Kṛipa was the teacher of Açvatthāma, or Drauṇi.

117 Or, Virgo, Cervus, the Pleiads and Draco.

118 (a) Having twilight drunk up; (b) having many faults eradicated.

119 Rajas = (a) dust; (b) passion.

120 In performance of a vow. V. Manu, vi. 23.

121 Or, ‘of the demon Naraka,’ slain by Kṛishṇa. Harivaṃça­­, 122.

122 Or, had stars tawny at the junction of night and day.

123 Lit., (a) Holding all his passions in firm restraint; (b) having the axle of its wheels firm.

124 Lit., (a) He had a body wasted by secret performance of penance; (b) he brought to nought the enemies’ plans of battle by secret counsel and by his army.

125 Or, having caves with whirlpools and the circles of shells oblique.

126 Or, quays.

127 (a) Perhaps Pushkara, the place of pilgrimage in Ajmere; (b) lotus-grove.

128 (a) Having entrance into great halls; (b) being absorbed in Brahma.

129 Or, salvation.

130 Or, inflicted punishment; or, though intent on the Sāma veda, he was yet a daṇḍi; i.e., an ascetic who despises ritual.

131 Having beautiful matted locks.

132 (a) Having no left eye; (b) having no crooked glances.

133 R. V., x. 190.

134 Another kind of bread-tree.

135 The Commentary explains it as ‘Veda.’

136 The tridaṇḍaka or three staves of the mendicant Brahman who has resigned the world.

137 Or, impassioned glances.

138 (a) Moulting; (b) partisanship.

139 Bāla = (a) hair; (b) children.

140 Rāmā, woman.

141 Çakuni = (a) a bird; (b) Duryodhana’s uncle.

142 Vāyu = (a) wind; (b) breath.

143 (a) Teeth; (b) Brahmans.

144 Or, dullness.

145 Or, seeking prosperity.

146 Or, seek enjoyment.

147 Or good fortune.

148 The Gārhapatya, Dakshiṇa, and Āhavanīya fires.

149 Proverbial phrase for clearness.

150 Vishṇu Purāṇa, vi., ch. 3, ‘The seven solar rays dilate to seven suns, and set the three worlds on fire.’

151 Lit., ‘is leader of.’

152 Or, caprice.

153 Vishṇu Purāṇa, i., 123.

154 Semi-divine beings dwelling between the earth and the sun.

155 Tārā = (a) stars; (b) wife of Bṛihaspati, carried away by the moon.

156 (a) “Wife of the sage Vaçishṭha; (b) the morning star.

157 (a) Constellation; (b) staff borne during a vow.

158 (a) Constellation; (b) roots for the hermits’ food.

159 Or, constellation.

160 Çiva.

161 Caste.

162 Friends.

163 I.e., king, minister, and energy.

164 Or, misfortune.

165 An ordeal.

166 An ordeal.

167 (a) Clearing of the waters after the rainy season; (b) ordeal of poison.

168 (a) Magic; (b) practice of Yoga.

169 (a) Lit., ‘tearing out of eyes;’ (b) slaughter of the demon Tāraka by Kārtikeya.

170 A star in the Scorpion’s tail.

171 Seizing of tribute.

172 Or, having his body united. V. Dowson, ‘Classical Dictionary.’

173 Having fortresses subdued.

174 These are teachers of the gods and heroes.

175 Vishṇu.

176 Lit., ‘firm.’

177 (a) The gods; (b) love.

178 Four was the number of the oceans and of the arms of Nārāyaṇa.

179 The divine mothers, or personified energies of the chief deities.

180 Wife of Çukanāsa.

181 Summary of pp. 141–155.

182 Or, Ananga, name of Kāma.

183 Since he can only give it the name, not the substance or meaning. Kumāra = (a) name of Kārtikeya; (b) prince.

184 Kāma.

185 Summary of pp. 176–189.

186 Lit., ‘sew him to himself.’

187 Summary of pp. 190, 191.

188 Summary of p. 193.

189 Çarabha, a fabulous animal supposed to have eight legs, and to dwell in the snowy mountains.

190 (a) Many sins; (b) twilight.

191 Lit., (a) climbs trees; (b) protects parasites.

192 (a) Showing the elevation of many men; (b) rising in stature to the height of many men.

193 Or, arrogance.

194 Or, stupidity.

195 Or, wealth.

196 Or, ill-fortune.

197 Balam = (a) strength; (b) army. Laghumā = (a) lightness; (b) triviality.

198 Vigrahavatī = (a) having a body; (b) full of strife.

199 Purushottama, i.e., Vishṇu.

200 The rainy season sends away the haṃsas.

201 Lit., their limbs fail them.

202 Which have a strong scent.

203 Men having throbbing eyes.

204 (a) A noble man; (b) fire.

205 Or, drink.

206 Or, taxes.

207 Like Vishṇu.

208 Like Çiva.

209 Lit., ‘inlaid.’

210 Or, kesara flowers.

211 Recaka, so commentary.

212 Both trees of paradise.

213 The quarter of Çatakratu or Indra.

214 All auspicious signs. Cakra is (a) a quoit; (b) a cakravāka.

215 (a) A demon; (b) the heron.

216 For the love of snakes for the breeze, V. Raghuvaṃça, XIII., 12, and Buddhacarita, I., 44. Snakes are sometimes called vāyubaksha.

217 The following reference to Thomas Bell’s ‘History of British Quadrupeds’ was given by Mr. S. B. Charlesworth. ‘Writing about the deer of our parks (p. 404) he (Bell) quotes Playford’s “Introduction to Music” as follows: “Travelling some years since, I met on the road near Royston a herd of about twenty deer following a bagpipe and violin, which while the music played went forward. When it ceased they all stood still, and in this manner they were brought out of Yorkshire to Hampton Court.”’ V. supra, pp. 40, 79.

218 Meghadūta, 38.

219 The dvīpas are continents separated from each other by oceans. The Çvetadvīpa, or White Continent, is, according to Weber, suggested by Alexandria. V. ‘Indische Studien,’ I., 400; II., 397, 398.

220 Dvandva, a pair of opposites, as, e.g., pleasure and pain.

221 (a) Brilliant; (b) Durgā.

222 Summary of p. 277.

223 The Commentary says: ‘A house is whitened to welcome anyone. The face (or mouth) is the dwelling of Sarasvatī.’

224 Mandāra, one of the trees of Paradise.

225 The month June–July.

226 Staff.

227 (a) A tilaka, or mark of ashes; (b) abundance of tilaka trees white with blossoms.

228 Read Kauçalasya.

229 Cf. ‘Dulce rudimentum meditantis lilia quondam naturæ, cum sese opera ad majora pararet.’—Rapin, on the convolvulus. V. Hallam, ‘Hist. of Lit.,’ Pt. iv., ch. v.

230 Vishṇu Purāṇa, Wilson, 1865, vol. ii., p. 297.

231 Son of Kuvera.

232 The coral tree.

233 Or, virtue.

234 ‘In the āryā metre,’ in the Sanskrit.

235 Mānasijanmā = (a) born in the Mānasa lake; (b) born in the mind, i.e., love. Muktālatā = (a) a white creeper; (b) a pearl necklace.

236 Scilicet, in the day.

237 Turbid with (a) dust; (b) passion.

238 The Vishṇu Purāṇa, Bk. vi., ch. iii., mentions seven suns.

239 The asterism Rohiṇī.

240 Utkalikā = (a) wave; (b) longing.

241 Or, hand.

242 Hands.

243 Feet.

244 Hands.

245 Candracaṇḍāla (lit., ‘base-born moon’) is intended as an assonance.

246 Pūrṇapātra, a basket of gifts to be scrambled for at a wedding.

247 I.e., the row of pearls given by Mahāçvetā.

248 Omit, priyajanaviçvāsavacanāni.

249 Read, parityaktā.

250 Read, antare.

251 Goçīrsha, a kind of fragrant sandal.

252 V. Vishṇu Purāṇa, Bk. i., ch. iii. (For the description of Brahmā’s night.)

253

(‘Then the vile Sindh kinglet, Jayadratha, through the boon conferred by Rudra, O my son, kept us all back.’)—Mahābhārata, vii., 2574.

254 Harivaṃça, 4906.

255 The cakora, or Greek partridge, was said to have its eyes turned red in the presence of poison.

256 Madirā, intoxicating, bewitching; so called because her eyes were madirāḥ.

257 Daksha cursed the moon with consumption at the appeal of his forty-nine daughters, the moon’s wives, who complained of his special favour to the fiftieth sister.

258 Lit., ‘without cause.’

259 Lit., ‘going by machinery.’

260 Trees of paradise.

261 A pun on pīḍā, grief.

262 A pun on pīḍā, a chaplet.

263 Read īrshyāṃ, vyathāṃ, and roshaṃ, as the Calcutta edition.

264 ‘All the rasas,’ the ten emotions of love, fear, etc., enumerated by writers on rhetoric.

265 Because water was poured out to ratify a gift.

266 Bhāshitā, literally, ‘addressed by’; or read, bhāvitā, ‘entering into the spirit of.’

267 Read nirdākshiṇyayā.

268 A bundle of peacock feathers waved by the conjuror to bewilder the audience.

269 The dark blue of the bees was like the blue veil worn by women going to meet their lovers.

270 This passage is condensed.

271 Read musho.

272 I.e., ‘relic,’ or ‘remaining.’

273 Read Mahāçvetāṃ.

274 Cf. ‘Harsha Carita’ (Bombay edition, p. 272), ‘Parameçvarottamāngapātadurlalitāngām’.

275 Read Kumudamayyā.

276 A tree of paradise.

277 Tālī, a kind of palm; Kandala, a plantain.

278 Or, reading avirala, thick coming.

279 The Vishṇu Purāṇa, Bk. ii., ch. ii., calls Mandara the Mountain of the East; Gandhamādana, of the South; Vipula, of the West; and Supārçva, of the North.

280 Father of Kuvera.

281 Brahmā.

282 A phrase denoting readiness to obey. V. supra, p. 15.

283 Pouring water into the hand was the confirmation of a gift. V. supra, p. 150.

284 Transpose iti.

285 Hybiscus mutabilis changes colour thrice a day.

286 Or, at a wrong time.

287 Remove the stop after asyāḥ and Candrāpīḍaḥ, and place one after gantum.

288 ‘It is not allowed by her favour to move.’

289 Read suhṛidāpi gantavyam, ‘his friend must go.’

290 Or, sampanna, ‘full-grown, having fruit and flowers,’ according to the commentary.

291 Read khinne.

292 Read prasādānām.

293 Read °janāt, etc.

294 V. supra, p. 12, where the robes of the chiefs are torn by their ornaments in their hasty movements.

295 Paravaça iva, or, ‘with mind enslaved to other thoughts.’

296 Read garīgasī.

297 The Jamunā is a common comparison for blue or green.

298 Placing a stop after gaditum instead of after niḥçesham.

299 An allusion to the idea that the açoka would bud when touched by the foot of a beautiful woman.

300 Anubandha, one of the four necessary conditions in writing. (a) Subject-matter; (b) purpose; (c) relation between subject treated and its end; (d) competent person to hear it.— V. ‘Vedānta Sāra.,’ p. 2–4; ‘Vācaspatya Dictionary.’

301 ‘Manu,’ ix., 90.

302 I.e., the down on the body rises from joy (a common idea in Sanskrit writers), and holds the robe on its points.

303 Read, Saṃdiçantī, and place the stop after svayaṃ instead of after saṃdiçantī.

304 I.e., awake a sleeping lion.